(LATO) IN LOWERED SEAWATER pH - Central Visayas Campus ...

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1.5 Definition of Terms Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is one of the most abundant gases in the air. It is the most important gas for plants to make food. For humans, carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration. Caulerpa lentillifera is a stoloniferous plant that can grow up to 10 cm tall. It has branched stolons, cylindrical in cross-section and measuring 1-1.5(-2) mm in diameter. (Jenkins 2009) Lowered seawater pH is also known as ocean acidification. This happens when the normal seawater pH, which is about pH 8.0, decreases. This poses a dramatic effect on marine organisms and the life beyond. (Fabry et al., 2008) pH (potential of Hydrogen) is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity. The pH scale commonly in use ranges from 0 to 14. (http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch105-05/definiti.htm, 2000) Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water. It is a dimensionless quantity with no units ( http://www.thefreedictionary.com, 2006). 4
2.1 Ocean Acidification CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Over the last two centuries, atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased by more than 30%, from 280 to 380 ppm (parts per million) by 2007 (Doney et al., 2007). This causes more than 80% of the added heat to reside in the ocean, causing global warming. This increased CO2 concentration then leads to ocean acidification. Ocean acidification, the phenomenon of decreasing ocean pH due to the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), has been identified as an important consequence of rising CO2 emissions worldwide (Fabry et al., 2008).The magnitude and patterns of these changes are consistent with an attribution to human activities and not explained by natural variability alone (Doney et al., 2007). Over half of human carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere are absorbed by the ocean and land biospheres, and the excess carbon absorbed by the ocean results in increased ocean acidity (Gruber & Sarmiento, 2002). Once carbon dioxide enters the ocean, it combines with water to form carbonic acid and a series of acid-base products, resulting in a lowering of pH values. A small decrease in pH affects the chemical equilibrium of ocean water, reducing the availability of carbonate ions needed by a wide range of organisms to build and maintain structures of calcium carbonate (Science Daily, 2008). For at least 650, 000 years prior to the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO2 concentrations varied between 180 and 300 ppm (Siegenthaler et al., 2005). As a result of human activity, today’s atmospheric CO2 concentration reaches 380 ppm and currently is rising at a rate of 0.5% to the year 2100 (Forster et al., 2007), which
Page 1 and 2: GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Caulerpa lent
Page 3 and 4: BIOGRAPHICAL DATA Researcher : Chri
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers wou
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS Title PAGE TITLE
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 t-Test
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 Background of the Study CHAPTER
Page 13: 1.3 Significance of the Study This
Page 17 and 18: 2.2 Ocean Acidification’s Effects
Page 19 and 20: and Ratana-arporn in 2006 concluded
Page 21 and 22: Lowering pH resulted in a decrease
Page 23 and 24: 3.1 Research Design CHAPTER III MET
Page 25 and 26: where K = growth rate, N1 = initial
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4
Page 29 and 30: These studies correlate with the re
Page 31 and 32: 6.0±0.3 changed from green to pale
Page 33 and 34: 5.1 Conclusion CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
Page 35 and 36: BIBLIOGRAPHY Apiratikul, R. & Pavas
Page 37 and 38: Jenkins, A. (2009). A Closer Look a
Page 39 and 40: APPENDIX A RAW DATA OF THE INITIAL
Page 41 and 42: APPENDIX B RAW DATA OF THE ABSORBAN
Page 43: APPENDIX D PHOTOS Figure D.1 Fresh

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