Meta-Assembler (MASM) Programming Reference Manual

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Contents iv 3.5. $OCTAL — Set Binary Representation to Octal . . . . 3-3 3.6. $HEX — Set Binary Representation to Hexadecimal 3-3 3.7. $CROSSREF — Tailored Cross-<strong>Reference</strong> Listing . . 3-4 3.8. $HDG — Specify Print Heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3.9. Listing Control Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Section 4. Values and Expressions 4.1. $EQU — Equate a Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.2. Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4.2.1. Integer Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4.2.2. Floating-Point Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 4.2.3. String Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 4.2.4. Nodes and Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 4.2.5. Control Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 4.3. Expressions and Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 4.3.1. Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 4.3.2. Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37 4.4. Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40 4.4.1. $TYPE(e) — Compute Data Type Number . . . . . . . . 4-40 4.4.2. Type Testing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40 4.4.3. $IBITS(e) — Indicator Bits for Expression . . . . . . . . 4-41 Section 5. Data Generation 5.1. Signed Character Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5.2. Unsigned Character Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5.3. $GEN — Data Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5.4. Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5.4.1. $FORM — Define a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5.4.2. $GFORM — Generalized Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 5.5. Location Counter Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5.5.1. $(e) — Location Counter Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5.5.2. $RES — Reserve Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5.5.3. $LCN — Location Counter Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 5.5.4. $ILCN — Initial Location Counter Number . . . . . . . 5-8 5.5.5. $LCV(e) — Location Counter Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 5.5.6. $LCB(e) — Location Counter Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 5.5.7. $LCFV(e) — Location Counter Final Value . . . . . . . . 5-8 5.6. $LIT — Literal Pool Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 5.7. $WRD — Specify Word Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 5.8. $NEG — Transform Negative Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 7830 8269-001
Section 6. Assembly-Time Controls Contents 6.1. Condition Testing Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6.1.1. $IF — Conditional Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6.1.2. $ELSE — Conditional Interpretation Alternative . . . 6-2 6.1.3. $ENDF — End Conditional Interpretation Group . . . 6-2 6.1.4. $ELSF — Conditional Interpretation Conditional Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6.1.5. $ANDF — And If . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 6.2. Looping Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 6.2.1. $DO — Repetitive Generation of a Line . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 6.2.2. $ENDD — End $DO Iteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 6.2.3. $REPEAT — Repeat a Statement Group . . . . . . . . . 6-7 6.2.4. $ENDR — End $REPEAT Construction . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 6.2.5. $ENDI — End $REPEAT Iteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8 6.3. $NIL — No Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 6.4. $GO — Transfer to a Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 6.5. $NAME — Define an Internal Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6.6. $INSERT — Insert Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 6.7. Procedures and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11 6.7.1. Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11 6.7.2. Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 6.7.3. Nesting of Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 6.7.4. Waiting Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 6.7.5. $LF(e) — Label Field Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 6.7.6. Location Counter Control in Procedures . . . . . . . . . 6-19 6.7.7. Use of $NAME and $GO Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20 6.7.8. Types of Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 6.7.9. Speeding Up a Two-Pass Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28 6.7.10. $FN(e1,e2) — Form a Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30 6.7.11. Pass Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30 6.8. Microstrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31 6.9. Levelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33 Section 7. Dictionary Control 7.1. Structure of the Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 7.2. $DELETE — Delete a Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 7.3. $HASH(e) — Dictionary Class Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 7.4. $IC(e) — Identifier Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 7.5. $LEVEL — Dictionary Level Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 7.6. $LEV — Principal Dictionary Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7 7.7. $XLEV — Current Dictionary Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8 7830 8269-001 v
Page 1 and 2: OS 1100 Meta-Assembler (MASM) Progr
Page 3: Contents About This Manual . . . .
Page 7 and 8: Contents 10.4.5. $IMPORT Directive
Page 9: Contents C.9. Global Relational Ope
Page 13: Tables 1-1. MASM Directives . . . .
Page 16 and 17: About This Manual Prerequisites xvi
Page 18 and 19: About This Manual xviii Section 13.
Page 20 and 21: About This Manual Notation Conventi
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 1.1. Two-Pass Assemble
Page 24 and 25: Introduction 1.4. Summary of MASM D
Page 26 and 27: Introduction 1-6 Table 1-1. MASM Di
Page 28 and 29: Introduction 1-8 Table 1-2. MASM Fu
Page 31 and 32: Section 2 MASM Usage 7830 8269-001
Page 33 and 34: 7830 8269-001 Table 2-1. MASM Optio
Page 35 and 36: 2.1.2. Reusability 7830 8269-001 MA
Page 37 and 38: 2.2.2. Preamble Output 7830 8269-00
Page 39 and 40: Line 7 Line 8 Line 11 Line 13 Line
Page 41 and 42: 7830 8269-001 MASM Usage Note: The
Page 43 and 44: 7830 8269-001 Explanation The follo
Page 45 and 46: 7830 8269-001 Example 2 . A COMMENT
Page 47 and 48: 7830 8269-001 4. MASM symbols MASM
Page 49 and 50: 7830 8269-001 MASM Usage In the obj
Page 51 and 52: 7830 8269-001 MASM Usage It is not
Page 53 and 54: 2.3.4. Line Continuation 7830 8269-
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2.4.1. Procedure Library Search Cha
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2.5. Procedure Library Search Table
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Section 3 Listing Control 7830 8269
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3.4. Page Ejection 7830 8269-001 Li
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3.8. $HDG — Specify Print Heading
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3.9. Listing Control Example 7830 8
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Values and Expressions 4.2. Values
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Values and Expressions 4.2.1.2. Rel
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Values and Expressions 4-6 Example
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Values and Expressions 4-12 The tra
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Values and Expressions 4.2.4. Nodes
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Values and Expressions 4-26 Line 14
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Values and Expressions 4-32 Line 9
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Values and Expressions 4-34 The rel
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Values and Expressions 4-36 These o
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Values and Expressions 4-38 Table 4
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Values and Expressions 4.4. Data Ty
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Values and Expressions 4-42 Table 4
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Data Generation 5.1. Signed Charact
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Data Generation 5.3. $GEN — Data
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Data Generation 5-6 Example 2 1. FA
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Data Generation 5.5.4. $ILCN — In
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Data Generation 5.6. $LIT — Liter
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Data Generation 5-12 Line 7 Line 8
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Section 6 Assembly-Time Controls 78
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7830 8269-001 Example 1 $IF A . . a
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7830 8269-001 Example 3 1. $IF A>0
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6.2.3. $REPEAT — Repeat a Stateme
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6.3. $NIL — No Action 7830 8269-0
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6.7. Procedures and Functions 7830
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6.7.1.2. $END — End of a Subassem
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7830 8269-001 Assembly-Time Control
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7830 8269-001 Assembly-Time Control
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7830 8269-001 This function can the
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6.7.8. Types of Procedures 7830 826
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7830 8269-001 Figure 6-1. Two-Pass
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7830 8269-001 Figure 6-2. One-Pass
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7830 8269-001 Figure 6-3. Words-Giv
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6.7.9.1. $FP — Final Pass 7830 82
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6.8. Microstrings 7830 8269-001 Ass
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6.9. Levelers 7830 8269-001 Assembl
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7830 8269-001 Then the procedure P
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Section 7 Dictionary Control 7830 8
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7.2. $DELETE — Delete a Definitio
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7.4. $IC(e) — Identifier Class 78
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7.6. $LEV — Principal Dictionary
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Line 5 Line 6 Line 14 7830 8269-001
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Line 12 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9
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Section 8 Processor Information Fun
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7830 8269-001 Processor Information
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Section 9 MASM Output 7830 8269-001
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9.3.2. Common Block (Group 2) 7830
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7830 8269-001 MASM Output identifie
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9.3.12. Library Search File (Group
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Object Modules 10.1. $OBJ — Selec
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Object Modules 10.3.1.1. Bank Type
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Object Modules 10.3.1.4. Locality A
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Object Modules 10-8 Equivalent to a
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Object Modules 10.3.1.9. Merge Orde
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Object Modules 10.3.1.13. Additiona
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Object Modules 10-14 Attribute Fiel
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Object Modules 10-16 A $(0) occurs
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Object Modules 10.4.1.2. Strength A
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Object Modules 10.4.1.4. Storage At
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Object Modules 10.4.3. Library Sear
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Object Modules 10.5. Definitions 10
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Object Modules 10.5.1.4. Address Ty
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Object Modules 10.5.3. Default Valu
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Object Modules 10.6.2. Extended Mod
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Object Modules 10.6.4. Standard Pro
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Object Modules 10.6.4.4. Extended M
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Object Modules 10.8. Library Defini
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Object Modules 10-38 The available
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Object Modules 10.9.2. Collector-De
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Symbolic Output 11.2. $OUTPUT — O
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Symbolic Output 11-4 Line 4 Line 5
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Saving Definitions 12-2 In this cas
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Saving Definitions 12-4 Example 1 $
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Error and Warning Diagnostics 13-2
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OS 1100 Features A-2 f j a Mnemonic
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OS 1100 Features A-4 Note: MASM doe
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OS 1100 Features A.2.4.2. $EXTEND D
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OS 1100 Features A.2.5. $EXTEND Mod
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OS 1100 Features A.2.7. $BASE Direc
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OS 1100 Features A-12 Example 2 The
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OS 1100 Features A-14 Example 1 The
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OS 1100 Features A-16 Line 8 Line 9
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OS 1100 Features A-18 For the $EXTE
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OS 1100 Features A.2.13. $PROC Dire
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OS 1100 Features A.2.15. $MACH Dire
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OS 1100 Features A-24 Example 4 $MA
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Object Module Evolution B.1. OM$DEF
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Object Module Evolution B-4 OMDEF$
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Object Module Evolution B-6 Standar
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Object Module Evolution B-8 Dropped
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Object Module Evolution B.3. MASM 5
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Object Module Evolution B.4. MASM 6
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Incompatibilities with ASM C.4. INF
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Incompatibilities with ASM C.13.Pro
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Restrictions, Operational Considera
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Glossary base register One of sixte
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Glossary M MAP MASM MSU O Glossary-
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Glossary X X register See index reg
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Index Symbols $(e) function, 5-6 $A
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$FP function description of, 6-20 u
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$RES directive, 5-6 $SL function, 4
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B of reference, 10-13 OM$DEF in UCS
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C character conversion functions, 4
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conversion issues (See compatibilit
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$CROSSREF, 3-3 $DEF, 12-1, 12-2 $DE
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with integer values, 4-2 eject page
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form bank attributes, 10-11, 10-12
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global relational operators, C-3 gr
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field, 2-11, 2-14 integer item, 4-2
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number function, 5-7 odd, 10-12 pro
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mode basic (See basic mode) mode ex
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operation mnemonics dictionary leve
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precedence of operators (See operat
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elational operator description of,
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semicolon, as continuation characte
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interaction, A-17 with $ILCN, subfi
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Universal Compiling System (UCS), B
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Meta-Assembler (MASM) Programming Reference Manual

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