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also refers to the constant encounter between different cultures
in both informal and institutional settings. Australia, for example,
has adopted the “Charter for Public Service in a Culturally Diverse
Society” to adapt to cultural diversity in service provision and is
working through the Community Partners Programme to provide
culturally appropriate care for the elderly. likewise, the city of
Berlin has implemented a programme of “intercultural opening” of
political and administrative institutions and public services to raise
awareness of the multicultural context in which they operate.
Tolerance in the society of destination can prevent defensive
isolation of migrant communities. lacking acceptance by the host
society, migrants may retreat within their own communities and
develop hostile sentiments towards the host society, thus further
distancing themselves from the host community. Commentary
from several delegates indicated that there is a feeling of
marginalization and disenfranchisement among certain groups
of migrants. As one possible result, migrants in this category may
also be more likely to be drawn towards religious radicalism.
Informal daily interactions with the host society give migrants
a chance to influence their surroundings and develop a sense of
belonging and help avoid isolation and religious or other forms of
extremism. Participants described a variety of targeted initiatives
carried out in schools, including the Costa Rican “Modelo de la
Mediación” which focuses on promoting understanding, tolerance
and respect among students. Giving migrants, especially youth,
a stake in society solicits their contributions and helps deter
disenfranchisement and destructive behaviour.
The Role of the Country of Origin
The country of origin is an important stakeholder throughout
the migration process. For example, before migrants depart,
countries of origin can negotiate with the countries of destination
to codify legal rights and obligations of their overseas citizens.
Countries of origin can also advertise opportunities to work
abroad, identify citizens wishing to migrate, provide them with
information on legal migration opportunities and equip them
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