Climate Change

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Aerosol Types and Composition • Sulfate aerosol – from SO 2 (g) • SO 2 H 2 SO 4 (this is sulfuric acid and what is in acid rain) • Organic aerosols – from combustion of fossil fuels (gasoline, coal) and biomass (forest fires and agricultural burning) • Black carbon – also called soot; the black stuff from diesel engines and other combustion • Sea salt • Mineral dust – windblown dust 8
Two Types of Forcing • Direct effect: aerosols scatter (reflect) incoming sunlight back to space, which causes a cooling. • Indirect effects: anthropogenic aerosols cause a change in cloud properties, which lead to changes in cloud albedo. 9
Page 2 and 3: Climate Change June 29 th 2009 2
Page 4 and 5: Lifetime of GHGs • Other GHGs hav
Page 6 and 7: Global Warming Potential • EX: Ho
Page 10: Direct Effect in Action • Particl
Page 14: Dust Storms 14
Page 17 and 18: Industrial Pollution 17
Page 19 and 20: Ship tracks19 19
Page 21 and 22: Indirect Effect in Action • The w
Page 23 and 24: Long wave (IR) emissions seen by sa
Page 25 and 26: Radiative Forcings • This is one
Page 27 and 28: Global Climate Change Debate • Fo
Page 29 and 30: Example of a Negative Feedback 1. T
Page 31 and 32: Predicting Climate Change •The cl
Page 33 and 34: Past and Present Climate Change •
Page 35 and 36: Atmospheric CO 2 and Temp • Curre
Page 37 and 38: Historical CO 2 Concentrations You
Page 39 and 40: Historical Methane (CH 4 ) Concentr
Page 41 and 42: Earth’s Surface Temperature 0.2 C
Page 43 and 44: Earth’s Surface Temperature You
Page 45 and 46: Global Annual Temperature Trends (1
Page 47 and 48: Global Precipitation Trend Green do
Page 49 and 50: Changes of Note: • Sub-Sahara Afr
Page 51 and 52: Global Precipitation Trend • Inte
Page 53 and 54: Projection of Future Climate 53
Page 55 and 56: Future CO 2 Emission Scenarios •
Page 57 and 58: Future CO2 Concentrations - Predici
Page 59 and 60:
Temperature Change Predictions 59
Page 61 and 62:
Temperature Change Predicitions •
Page 63 and 64:
Radiative Forcing by well mixed GHG
Page 65 and 66:
Radiative Forcing by Sulfate 65
Page 67 and 68:
Radiative Forcing by Sulfate • Th
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Other Aerosol Types • It’s no l
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Other Aerosol Types • Aerosols ar
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Predicted % Change of Precipitation
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Predicted % Change in Precip • We
Page 77 and 78:
Change in Maximum and Minimum Daily
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Change in Maximum and Minimum Daily
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Change in Phenomenon Higher max Tem
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Sea Level Rise Projection • Note:
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Sea Level Rise Projection 85
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Sea Level Rise Projections • At t
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People at Risk (by 2080) - Sea Leve
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People at Risk (by 2080) - Sea Leve
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Projected Changes in Runoff by 2050
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Crop Yield Change • Percentage ch
Page 97:
Impacts on Human Health • Benefic
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Climate Change

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