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XI. Workshop of Physical Chemists and Electrochemists´11 Brno 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work has been supported by REMEDTECH GA ČR 522/10/P618 a FRVŠ 2506/F4/2011/VFU. 6. REFERENCES [1] Tingshuang, Y., et al., (2004): Phylogenetic and biogeographic diversification of Rhus (Anacardiaceae) in the Northern Hemisphere, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33: 861-879 [2] Lampe, K. F. (1986): Dermatitis-producing Anacardiaceae,of the Caribbean area, Clinics in Dermatology, 4: 171-182 [3] Beaman, J. H. (1986): Allergenic Asian Anacardiaceae, Clinics in Dermatology, 4: 191-203 [4] Hurtado, I. (1986): Poisonous Anacardiaceae,of South America, Clinics in Dermatology, 4: 183-190 [5] Moyo, M., et al: Phenolic composition, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Sclerocarya birrea and Harpephyllum cafrum (Anacardiaceae), Food Chemistry, 123: 69-76 - 23 -
XI. Workshop of Physical Chemists and Electrochemists´11 Brno ANATOMICAL STUDY OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF PHARMACEUTICALLY AND TOXICOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT PLANT ACONITUM NAPELLUS L. EM. SKALICKY (RANUNCULACEAE) Petr BABULA 1 , Simona KVAŠŇÁKOVÁ 1 , Vojtěch ADAM 2 , René KIZEK 2 1 Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1/3, CZ-61242 Brno, Czech Republic. 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University, Zemedelska 1, CZ- 61300 Brno, Czech Republic Abstract Aconitum napellus L. em. Skalicky (Ranunculaceae) is one of the most poisonous plant in Europe. In the Aconitum genus there are toxicologically important diterpene (C20) and nor-diterpene (C19) alkaloids represented mainly by aconitine presented in primarily in roots. However, species contains other chemical constituents, such as flavonol glycosides, which are in the focus of interest. Despite the well known toxicological aspects of this plant, anatomical study of individual vegetative organs is still missing. This study is focused on the demonstration of anatomy of vegetative organs – roots, stems and leaves – of Aconitum napellus L. em. Skalický using both methods of light and fluorescence microscopy. 1. INTRODUCTION Aconitum napellus L. em. Skalický, “Monk´s hood” is a perennial herb 0.5 – 1.5 m in height with tuberous fleshy roots and erect stout stems with leaves dissected into 5-7 segments, violet-blue flowers with helmet-shaped hood arranged in dense racemes and multiple fruit of follicles containing black triangular seeds. Plants are distributed mainly in Alps and other mountainous regions in Europe. Monk’s hood is considered to be one of the most poisonous plants in Europe, which toxicity is exceeded only by Indian Aconitum ferox Wall. used by as an arrow poison [1-3]. However, classification of members of Aconitum genus is very difficult due to genetic instability [4, 5]. Numerous studies have dealt with the diterpene (C20) and nor-diterpene (C19) alkaloids [6-8]. The main alkaloids of Aconitum napellus aggregate are aconitine, picroaconitine, isoaconitine, benzaconitine, aconine, neopelline, eoline, napelline, mesaconitine, and hypaconitinine (see Fig. 1). Symptoms of poisoning include burning and tingling in the mouth and also in the fingers and toes. After it, paraesthesia extends over the whole body, accompanied by bouts of sweating and shivering; this gradually changes to feelings of roughness, insensibility and ice coldness. This stage is followed by the vomiting, colicky diarrhea, paralysis of the - 24 -
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