PDF (A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SMES AND HEALTH AND SAFETY This chapter comprises the review of the literature on small and medium sized enterprises and health and safety. The barriers against and opportunities for health and safety activity and intervention among SMEs are considered. Furthermore, evaluations of interventions are documented in this chapter. The following electronic databases were searched to locate articles on health and safety and small and medium sized enterprises: The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Health and Safety Executive, Scotland; Health and Safety Authority (Ireland) HSA; Health and Safety Executive, Northern Ireland; Business Resource Premier, EMERALD, RILOSH, Trade Union Council, European Trade Union Confederation, European Agency for Health and Safety at Work, Federation of Small Businesses, Chamber of Commerce, Institute of Occupational Medicine, PSYCHINFO, MEDLINE, CINHAHLL, CENTRAL COCHRANE. Selection criteria: Studies, reviews and books that focused on health and safety and small or medium sized businesses were included in the review. Non English language studies were excluded. Small or medium sized enterprises were defined as 7
usinesses that employ less than two hundred and fifty staff. (Borley, 1997; Walters, 2001). Individuals and organisations were contacted for unpublished material. 2.1 The SME The great majority of businesses in the UK and Europe are SMEs. Research into SMEs is problematic, therefore until recently, many of the SME interventions have been modelled on research and practice within larger companies. The interventions which have been designed for the smaller business often lack a theoretical underpinning. Notably, with the exception of three studies (Barrett, Haslam, Lee, & Ellis, 2005; S. Haslam, James, & Bennett, 1998; Stephens, Hickling, Gaskell, Burton, & Holland, 2004) psychological factors such as beliefs, knowledge and attention factors, which appeared to be salient, were not an explicit part of the interventions. Small to medium sized enterprises have been defined as having between 10 and 50 staff (Borley, 1997; Walters, 2001). Further, they have been classified into the micro-enterprise (< 10 staff), the small enterprise (10 – 50 staff), and the medium sized enterprise (< 250 staff) ( Walters, 2001). Data from 1996 indicates that 96% of all UK enterprises were SMEs. In Europe, in some countries more than half of those employed work in enterprises with less than 100 employees, whilst in others more than 75% are engaged with such businesses ( Walters, 1996) , see Table 2.1. Further, the number of SME businesses has greatly increased in recent years (DTI, 1997). As organisations, 8
Page 1 and 2: A thesis submitted in partial fulfi
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I gratefully ackno
Page 5 and 6: 3.1 Stage of Change model 3.2 An in
Page 7 and 8: INDEX OF TABLES Table 2.1. Employme
Page 9 and 10: less time on health and safety acti
Page 11 and 12: “It shall be the duty of every em
Page 13 and 14: greatest majority of commercial ent
Page 15: een utilised to investigate and imp
Page 19 and 20: acknowledge the importance of healt
Page 21 and 22: shift has been the result for many
Page 23 and 24: to accidents; outcome expectancies
Page 25 and 26: offered by external agencies. Restr
Page 27 and 28: The notion that interventions may n
Page 29 and 30: inconvenience, time and trouble whi
Page 31 and 32: perceived “rip off” culture has
Page 33 and 34: are still unwilling to compromise t
Page 35 and 36: stress. Furthermore, one problem wi
Page 37 and 38: The Management Standards are in the
Page 39 and 40: 2.2.9 Basic Steps Towards Complianc
Page 41 and 42: authorised or facilitated by the re
Page 43 and 44: The employment of union health and
Page 45 and 46: costs depends on improvement of per
Page 47 and 48: Hairdressers Federation than inform
Page 49 and 50: about consequences (of not having c
Page 51 and 52: are: knowledge (increased awareness
Page 53 and 54: such as health and safety assessmen
Page 55 and 56: assessments and then use the site t
Page 57 and 58: of the enterprises’ health and sa
Page 59 and 60: standards, for example sanctions su
Page 61 and 62: (Stephens, Hickling, Gaskell, Burto
Page 63 and 64: in the particular context, is a tai
Page 65 and 66: Lack of skills and knowledge appear
Page 67 and 68:
3 CHAPTER THREE : LITERATURE REVIEW
Page 69 and 70:
Barrett et al (2005) propose that t
Page 71 and 72:
model does not explain how individu
Page 73 and 74:
consensus on a theoretical framewor
Page 75 and 76:
2005). Thompson (1986) defined cont
Page 77 and 78:
according to level of motivation in
Page 79 and 80:
Maclean, Sinfield, Klein, & Harnden
Page 81 and 82:
may not be a valid reason for choos
Page 83 and 84:
guidance. However other factors nee
Page 85 and 86:
with the practical opportunities pr
Page 87 and 88:
together with domains identified by
Page 89 and 90:
The interview protocol comprised th
Page 91 and 92:
A ‘cold calling’ approach to te
Page 93 and 94:
SMEs. To facilitate this, behaviour
Page 95 and 96:
Information on the cover sheet of t
Page 97 and 98:
disagree’, ‘disagree’, ‘neu
Page 99 and 100:
Training records in health & safety
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 5.2 Number of staff and repo
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 5.4 Relative health & safety
Page 105 and 106:
5.1.5 Motives for Engagement with H
Page 107 and 108:
Themes were identified from the the
Page 109 and 110:
SMEs highlighted the existence of a
Page 111 and 112:
“So we have an operational aspect
Page 113 and 114:
to be enabled by communication with
Page 115 and 116:
“In our experience especially in
Page 117 and 118:
“Technology used to be the barrie
Page 119 and 120:
The telephone interview findings di
Page 121 and 122:
complying with legislation were als
Page 123 and 124:
114
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 6.1 Hours per week organisat
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 6.3. Size by Stage of Change
Page 129 and 130:
Table 6.3 Decision making and encou
Page 131 and 132:
Eigenvalue 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 3 5 Fi
Page 133 and 134:
Table 6.4 Oblimin factor solution w
Page 135 and 136:
The nature of the attitude variable
Page 137 and 138:
the project, the figure was 60%. Th
Page 139 and 140:
framework to meaningfully consider
Page 141 and 142:
encouragement of health & safety be
Page 143 and 144:
The third factor comprised items re
Page 145 and 146:
In the regression model which consi
Page 147 and 148:
about capability (self-efficacy), a
Page 149 and 150:
safety information, training and go
Page 151 and 152:
feelings of control needed to promo
Page 153 and 154:
7 CHAPTER SEVEN: DISCUSSION In this
Page 155 and 156:
capabilities. The evidence for know
Page 157 and 158:
study. It could be argued that this
Page 159 and 160:
2002), although it has shown some v
Page 161 and 162:
the events. Further, careful select
Page 163 and 164:
were limited by the survey tools, w
Page 165 and 166:
IMPLICATIONS FOR GOOD PRACTICE AND
Page 167 and 168:
stronger links with their suppliers
Page 169 and 170:
160
Page 171 and 172:
of health and safety appraisal with
Page 173 and 174:
Dugdill, L., Kavanagh, C., Barlow,
Page 175 and 176:
Haslam, R. A. (2002). Targeting erg
Page 177 and 178:
Ley, P. & Morris, L.A. (1984) Psych
Page 179 and 180:
Pilkington, A., Graham, M., Cowie,
Page 181 and 182:
Tait, R., & Walker, D. (2000b). Mar
Page 183 and 184:
Winum, P., Ryterband, E., Stephenso
Page 185:
Appendices 176
Page 189 and 190:
General Introductions We are undert
Page 191:
Making 48. a) Are you aware of any
Page 195 and 196:
Pre-contemplation Buying “No, I'm
Page 197 and 198:
“Only the general risk assessment
Page 200:
Appendix C - Questionnaire
Page 203 and 204:
23 We have to have health and safet
Page 205 and 206:
54 Carrying out health and safety t
show all

PDF (A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?