The Dissertation Committee for Judith L - The University of Texas at ...

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play out in identical type of locations. These common traits allow for a “laboratory” like setting to study cultural impact upon town development. San Marcos fits this bill. Figure1.1 7
Another point that will aid this study is that the two groups both begin their communities in the 1840s. The timeframe of the work will be from this initial settlement period to the beginning of the 1880s when the first railroads came to the area. The study stops at this time because the railroad breaks part of the isolation these two communities experienced from their initial settlement until their arrival. The only infiltration of outside culture to New Braunfels and San Marcos comes from outside mail and newspapers, stagecoaches, travelers and visitors who pass through town, and outside trade. What will also make the project work besides San Marcos’s nearly identical physical location and its proximity to New Braunfels is that the people of these two communities interacted with each other. This interaction between the two cultural groups will only add another dimension to the study. As these two groups moved about and through this area they developed their own perspective about their surroundings and their communities. The perceptions held by these groups will be compared to each other in this project. Geographer William D. Pattison separately described the four geographic traditions as spatial, area studies, man-land, and earth science, but stated that geography “concurrently pursues all four of them.” 12 This study is no different. Using the geographical themes of movement, perceptions, urban morphology and economic development can help determine how the diffusion of two cultural groups into similar locations and the perceptions they held about the land in determining the role that culture played as they reshaped the physical environment to build their communities along the edge of the Balcones Escarpment. 8
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Judith Lynn Dykes-Hoff
Page 3 and 4: On the Edge of the Balcones Escarpm
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements In 1991 while rese
Page 7 and 8: threw myself into the writing proce
Page 9 and 10: Dee Barton, Graduate Coordinator fo
Page 11 and 12: Table of Contents List of Tables an
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables 3.1 Population Summa
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures 1.1 Study Areas - C
Page 17 and 18: direction of the Verein zum Schutze
Page 19 and 20: D.W. Meining wrote about the contri
Page 21: New Braunfels was the first Texas t
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1.2 Land Resource Areas in C
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1.3 Climatic Regions of Texa
Page 29 and 30: Fig1.4 General Soil Map Comal Count
Page 31 and 32: the edge of the Balcones Escarpment
Page 33 and 34: way to San Antonio and commented th
Page 35 and 36: Chapter Two Gone to Texas! Percepti
Page 37 and 38: industrialist class. For these peop
Page 39 and 40: description of the country and the
Page 41 and 42: Anglo empressario was Moses Austin
Page 43 and 44: individuals. It was at this time of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.1 While this grant would p
Page 47 and 48: An excellent and beautiful place wh
Page 49 and 50: during the late summer and early fa
Page 51 and 52: traveled along the banks of the San
Page 53 and 54: go astray” and come close to the
Page 55 and 56: Industry and economics must have be
Page 57 and 58: Finally, I would like to mention th
Page 59 and 60: These writers also came from the up
Page 61 and 62: Chapter Three Homelands Old and New
Page 63 and 64: non-Germans settled there and where
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.1 Population Summary by Eth
Page 67 and 68: Industry and manufacturing never ga
Page 69 and 70: Overall, 62.2% of U.S.-born residen
Page 71 and 72: counted in the census in Hays Count
Page 73 and 74:
The two towns differed in their for
Page 75 and 76:
Table 3.6 Population Summary U.S. B
Page 77 and 78:
Missouri, Louisiana, and Texas, the
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founding, Germans retained their st
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However, only eight percent of New
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German, adult population controlled
Page 85 and 86:
Table 3.11 Population Summary Free
Page 87 and 88:
Table 3.12 Population Summary All F
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dominance continued unchanged from
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Table 3.14 Population Origins Summa
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Table 3.15 Population Origins Summa
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other was unlike anything seen befo
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Chapter Four Town Building Along th
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with 1, 298 people in 1850, only fo
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others scouted the immediate area.
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these cycles as each town has its o
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Figure 4.2 New Braunfels.City Map 1
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needed Verein buildings. For exampl
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Church Street, Mill Street led to t
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especially town lots quickly evapor
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Figure 4.3 New Braunfels.City Map 1
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a week on their way from San Antoni
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people. Little farming could be fou
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other served as a hotel, tavern and
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Germans than the Anglo-Americans, 1
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Figure 4.5 Comal Town and Braunfels
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Figure 4.6 Neighborsville Map, 1863
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emarked how the town’s location w
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The Town Square, Buildings and Othe
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“genuine rural spot” on his hil
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esidences to the count if included
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during the same time. 191 In term o
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Figure 4.8 New Braunfels Map 1868 1
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a pull factor to get other people t
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and in through the chinks between t
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Figure 4.9 San Marcos City Map, Cop
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Their arrival forced Adelsverein le
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egional importance. Goods produced
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e found in an urban geographical se
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Table 5.1 (cont.) List of Occupatio
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them, so it seems only natural that
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Several things in this table stand
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to 46 listings, which meant there w
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Braunfels in 1855 and noted several
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If so many people in New Braunfels
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mills, two saw mills, and a sash fa
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The number and percentage of agricu
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e utilized to a greater extent. Lan
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commented that he believed it was t
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As well, the hiring of Germans to w
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occupied the whole county. He furth
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When it was time for the 1880 count
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a brickyard worker. However, there
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een “staked out and the plow [was
Page 181 and 182:
Chapter Six Conclusions The physica
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outsider. One theme consistent thro
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the 1870s with population and econo
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Culture played a role in the develo
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Foreign Born Adult and Head of Hous
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Adult Population Totals by Ethnicit
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Foreign Born and U.S. born Adult an
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Foreign Born and U.S. Born Children
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Free Population, Heads of Household
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Adult Origin of Birth/Ethnicity Com
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
U.S. Born Adult Population Origins
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
U.S. Born and Foreign Born Children
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
U.S. Born Adult and Head of Househo
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Foreign Born and U.S. Born Children
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U.S. Born Adult Population Origins
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Adult Population by Ethnicity, Summ
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Adult Origin of Birth/Ethnicity Com
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Foreign Born Population Origins Hea
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U.S. Born Population Origins (cont.
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Population Totals by Ethnicity New
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Population by Ethnicity, Summary He
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Foreign Born and U.S. Born Populati
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Foreign Born and U.S. Born Populati
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U.S. Born Population Origins Heads
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Population Totals by Ethnicity San
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U.S. Born Population (cont.) Childr
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Appendix B Occupations for New Brau
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Table B.1 (cont.) List of Occupatio
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Occupation Summary Free Population,
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Page 255 and 256:
List of Occupations and the number
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Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Tinner 1 .8 Occupations of Boarders
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Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
1880 Occupations New Braunfels and
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Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Occupation Summary Head of Househol
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Seele, Hermann. The Cypress and Oth
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Arreola Daniel D. Tejano South Texa
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Glacken, Clarence J. Traces on the
Page 291 and 292:
________. “Growing Up Female in N
Page 293 and 294:
Texas Historical Records Survey, Di
Page 295:
Lutheran University, with grant mon
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