The Dissertation Committee for Judith L - The University of Texas at ...

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Physical Elements of the Study Region New Braunfels, located in Comal County, and San Marcos in Hays County share many physical traits. First is their location (see Figure 1.2). 13 The two towns lie approximately twenty miles apart from each other in south central Texas. This proximity is the leading factor to explain many similar physical traits. They are both located at the foot of the Balcones Escarpment facing out to the Blackland Prairie. The escarpment serves as a stark dividing line between soils and physical appearance. Rivers and natural springs provide water for the two communities. There are four rivers that run through the two counties, the Blanco, San Marcos, Guadalupe, and Comal. All run in a southeasterly direction towards the Gulf of Mexico, but the Guadalupe is the only one that empties into the Gulf. The Blanco drains into the San Marcos, which meets up with the Guadalupe River near the city of Gonzales. The Comal connects with the Guadalupe River in New Braunfels. The drainage basin of these rivers is the Guadalupe River Basin area, which also contain the springs emanating from the Balcones fault zone that created the Balcones Escarpment. 14 The San Marcos River flows through the community of San Marcos. The source of the San Marcos River is the San Marcos Springs, the second largest set of springs in Texas. These springs pump a maximum of 115,000 gallons per minute and average a flow of 107 million gallons a day. The Blanco river which begins in Blanco county, located to the northwest of Hays County, runs 12 William D. Pattison, “The Four Traditions of Geography,” Journal of Geography (September/October 1990) 202-206. 13 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, In Cooperation with Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Soil Survey of Comal and Hays Counties Texas (June 1984),pg 2, by Charles D. Batte. 9
Figure 1.2 Land Resource Areas in Comal and Hays County through Hays and eventually joins the San Marcos river below the town of San Marcos. The Guadalupe River is the longer and larger of the two rivers that flow through New Braunfels. The other is the Comal River, and like the San Marcos River is supported by natural springs. The Comal Springs are the source of the Comal and is the largest set of 14 Terry G. Jordan with John L. Bean, Jr., and William M. Homes, Texas: A Geography, (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1984), 40. 10
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Judith Lynn Dykes-Hoff
Page 3 and 4: On the Edge of the Balcones Escarpm
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements In 1991 while rese
Page 7 and 8: threw myself into the writing proce
Page 9 and 10: Dee Barton, Graduate Coordinator fo
Page 11 and 12: Table of Contents List of Tables an
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables 3.1 Population Summa
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures 1.1 Study Areas - C
Page 17 and 18: direction of the Verein zum Schutze
Page 19 and 20: D.W. Meining wrote about the contri
Page 21 and 22: New Braunfels was the first Texas t
Page 23: Another point that will aid this st
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1.3 Climatic Regions of Texa
Page 29 and 30: Fig1.4 General Soil Map Comal Count
Page 31 and 32: the edge of the Balcones Escarpment
Page 33 and 34: way to San Antonio and commented th
Page 35 and 36: Chapter Two Gone to Texas! Percepti
Page 37 and 38: industrialist class. For these peop
Page 39 and 40: description of the country and the
Page 41 and 42: Anglo empressario was Moses Austin
Page 43 and 44: individuals. It was at this time of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.1 While this grant would p
Page 47 and 48: An excellent and beautiful place wh
Page 49 and 50: during the late summer and early fa
Page 51 and 52: traveled along the banks of the San
Page 53 and 54: go astray” and come close to the
Page 55 and 56: Industry and economics must have be
Page 57 and 58: Finally, I would like to mention th
Page 59 and 60: These writers also came from the up
Page 61 and 62: Chapter Three Homelands Old and New
Page 63 and 64: non-Germans settled there and where
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.1 Population Summary by Eth
Page 67 and 68: Industry and manufacturing never ga
Page 69 and 70: Overall, 62.2% of U.S.-born residen
Page 71 and 72: counted in the census in Hays Count
Page 73 and 74: The two towns differed in their for
Page 75 and 76:
Table 3.6 Population Summary U.S. B
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Missouri, Louisiana, and Texas, the
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founding, Germans retained their st
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However, only eight percent of New
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German, adult population controlled
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Table 3.11 Population Summary Free
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Table 3.12 Population Summary All F
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dominance continued unchanged from
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Table 3.14 Population Origins Summa
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Table 3.15 Population Origins Summa
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other was unlike anything seen befo
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Chapter Four Town Building Along th
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with 1, 298 people in 1850, only fo
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others scouted the immediate area.
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these cycles as each town has its o
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Figure 4.2 New Braunfels.City Map 1
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needed Verein buildings. For exampl
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Church Street, Mill Street led to t
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especially town lots quickly evapor
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Figure 4.3 New Braunfels.City Map 1
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a week on their way from San Antoni
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people. Little farming could be fou
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other served as a hotel, tavern and
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Germans than the Anglo-Americans, 1
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Figure 4.5 Comal Town and Braunfels
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Figure 4.6 Neighborsville Map, 1863
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emarked how the town’s location w
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The Town Square, Buildings and Othe
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“genuine rural spot” on his hil
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esidences to the count if included
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during the same time. 191 In term o
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Figure 4.8 New Braunfels Map 1868 1
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a pull factor to get other people t
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and in through the chinks between t
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Figure 4.9 San Marcos City Map, Cop
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Their arrival forced Adelsverein le
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egional importance. Goods produced
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e found in an urban geographical se
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Table 5.1 (cont.) List of Occupatio
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them, so it seems only natural that
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Several things in this table stand
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to 46 listings, which meant there w
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Braunfels in 1855 and noted several
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If so many people in New Braunfels
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mills, two saw mills, and a sash fa
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The number and percentage of agricu
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e utilized to a greater extent. Lan
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commented that he believed it was t
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As well, the hiring of Germans to w
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occupied the whole county. He furth
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When it was time for the 1880 count
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a brickyard worker. However, there
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een “staked out and the plow [was
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Chapter Six Conclusions The physica
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outsider. One theme consistent thro
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the 1870s with population and econo
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Culture played a role in the develo
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Foreign Born Adult and Head of Hous
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Adult Population Totals by Ethnicit
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Foreign Born and U.S. born Adult an
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Foreign Born and U.S. Born Children
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Free Population, Heads of Household
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Page 203 and 204:
Adult Origin of Birth/Ethnicity Com
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Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
U.S. Born Adult Population Origins
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Page 213 and 214:
U.S. Born and Foreign Born Children
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Page 217 and 218:
U.S. Born Adult and Head of Househo
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Page 221 and 222:
Foreign Born and U.S. Born Children
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U.S. Born Adult Population Origins
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Adult Population by Ethnicity, Summ
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Adult Origin of Birth/Ethnicity Com
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Foreign Born Population Origins Hea
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U.S. Born Population Origins (cont.
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Population Totals by Ethnicity New
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Population by Ethnicity, Summary He
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Foreign Born and U.S. Born Populati
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Foreign Born and U.S. Born Populati
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U.S. Born Population Origins Heads
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Population Totals by Ethnicity San
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U.S. Born Population (cont.) Childr
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Appendix B Occupations for New Brau
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Table B.1 (cont.) List of Occupatio
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Occupation Summary Free Population,
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Page 255 and 256:
List of Occupations and the number
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Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Tinner 1 .8 Occupations of Boarders
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1880 Occupations New Braunfels and
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Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
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Occupation Summary Head of Househol
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Seele, Hermann. The Cypress and Oth
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Arreola Daniel D. Tejano South Texa
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Glacken, Clarence J. Traces on the
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________. “Growing Up Female in N
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Texas Historical Records Survey, Di
Page 295:
Lutheran University, with grant mon
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