The Dissertation Committee for Judith L - The University of Texas at ...

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in 1858 that New Braunfels became the primary establishment for German immigrants to Texas. 63 San Marcos’ origins are quite different. The holders of the land that San Marcos would be founded on were the Juan Veramendi, T.J. Chambers, and Juan Campos families. They received their land grants of various sizes in the early 1830s. Another individual who received a land grant from the Mexican government in 1835 located in and around the area of San Marcos was Thomas McGehee. He was the first Anglo American to establish a farm in Hays County. In 1846 he brought his family from Bastrop, which was part of Austin’s second colony to his farm located along the San Marcos River near where it joins the Blanco River. The year 1846 also marked the arrival of the W.W. Moon and Eli T. Merriman, two families that would be instrumental in the development of San Marcos. Both of these individuals built the first homes in what would become San Marcos. In 1847 General Edward Burleson also built a home in the area of the future town after he and William Lindsey bought the Veramendi grant. From this grant the two men set aside 640 acres for the San Marcos townsite. 64 Burleson partitioned town lots, but very little building activity took place. Ferdinand Roemer traveled through the San Marcos area sometime between 1845 and 1847, most likely 63 Gunter Moltmann, “Introduction to the Reprint of Instruction fur deutsche Auswanderer nach Texas, 1851” reprinted by Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin, 1983. Barker Texas History Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 2. 64 Isaac H. Julian, “Hays County, Texas: A Truthful Pen Portrait,” San Marcos Free Press (7 September 1878) Vol. No. 44, 1 Col 4; The Texas Historical Records Survey, Division of Professional and Service Projects, Work Projects Administration, “Inventory of the County Archives of Texas, Hays County No. 105,” (January 1940), 5-6; Dudley R. Dobie, A Brief History, 15-16; Francis Stoval, et al, Clear Springs and Limestone Edges, A History of San Marcos and Hays County for the Texas Sesquicentennial (San Marcos: Hays County Historical Commission, 1986), 1-21. 33
during the late summer and early fall of 1846, and did not mention any town or even a village. Thus, on paper a town existed, but not on land. Perceptions of the Study Region By 1845 a region was about to be forever changed with the advent of two more Texas towns. However, it is interesting to take note of the different views about the land by the various groups who thus far had come into contact with it. Human perceptions toward the land are topics of great interest among geographers. Carl Sauer actively searched for and wrote about human alterations of the landscape using the human as an active agent perspective. 65 Sauer’s work was so instrumental in the field of geography that his approach created a whole school of thought as he trained many other geographers. Many geographers followed and still follow this approach in their studies, as well as this study. Other geographers describe views people have towards the land they live on in order to explain why they might alter their landscape the way they do. Clarence Glacken, J.B. Jackson, and Yi-fu Tuan are just a few geographers that bring different methodological approaches in geographical interpretations of landscapes. 66 Some more recent methodological approaches are the postmodernist or deconstructionist, and feminist view towards human land use and perspective. 67 This 65 Carl O. Sauer, “The Morphology of Landscape,” University of California Publications in Geography 2, 2, (1925), 19-54. 66 Clarence J. Glacken, Traces on the Rhodian shore: nature and culture in Western thought from ancient times to the end of the eighteenth century, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967; Yi-Fu Tuan, “Space and Place: Humanistic Perspective, Progress in Geography 6, 233-46, 1974; and John B. Jackson, Discovering the Vernacular Landscape (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984). 67 For these newer methodologies see David Harvey’s “The Geography of Capitalist Accumulation,” in Human Geography: An Essential Anthology, John Agnew David Livingstone and Alisdair Rogers, eds., (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 600-622; and Gillian Rose, “Geography as the Science of Observation: The Landscape, the Gaze and Masculinity,” Nature and Science: Essays in the History of Geographical Knowledge, Historical Geography Research Series, number 28, 1992, 8-18. 34
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Judith Lynn Dykes-Hoff
Page 3 and 4: On the Edge of the Balcones Escarpm
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements In 1991 while rese
Page 7 and 8: threw myself into the writing proce
Page 9 and 10: Dee Barton, Graduate Coordinator fo
Page 11 and 12: Table of Contents List of Tables an
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables 3.1 Population Summa
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures 1.1 Study Areas - C
Page 17 and 18: direction of the Verein zum Schutze
Page 19 and 20: D.W. Meining wrote about the contri
Page 21 and 22: New Braunfels was the first Texas t
Page 23 and 24: Another point that will aid this st
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1.2 Land Resource Areas in C
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1.3 Climatic Regions of Texa
Page 29 and 30: Fig1.4 General Soil Map Comal Count
Page 31 and 32: the edge of the Balcones Escarpment
Page 33 and 34: way to San Antonio and commented th
Page 35 and 36: Chapter Two Gone to Texas! Percepti
Page 37 and 38: industrialist class. For these peop
Page 39 and 40: description of the country and the
Page 41 and 42: Anglo empressario was Moses Austin
Page 43 and 44: individuals. It was at this time of
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.1 While this grant would p
Page 47: An excellent and beautiful place wh
Page 51 and 52: traveled along the banks of the San
Page 53 and 54: go astray” and come close to the
Page 55 and 56: Industry and economics must have be
Page 57 and 58: Finally, I would like to mention th
Page 59 and 60: These writers also came from the up
Page 61 and 62: Chapter Three Homelands Old and New
Page 63 and 64: non-Germans settled there and where
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.1 Population Summary by Eth
Page 67 and 68: Industry and manufacturing never ga
Page 69 and 70: Overall, 62.2% of U.S.-born residen
Page 71 and 72: counted in the census in Hays Count
Page 73 and 74: The two towns differed in their for
Page 75 and 76: Table 3.6 Population Summary U.S. B
Page 77 and 78: Missouri, Louisiana, and Texas, the
Page 79 and 80: founding, Germans retained their st
Page 81 and 82: However, only eight percent of New
Page 83 and 84: German, adult population controlled
Page 85 and 86: Table 3.11 Population Summary Free
Page 87 and 88: Table 3.12 Population Summary All F
Page 89 and 90: dominance continued unchanged from
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.14 Population Origins Summa
Page 93 and 94: Table 3.15 Population Origins Summa
Page 95 and 96: other was unlike anything seen befo
Page 97 and 98: Chapter Four Town Building Along th
Page 99 and 100:
with 1, 298 people in 1850, only fo
Page 101 and 102:
others scouted the immediate area.
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these cycles as each town has its o
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Figure 4.2 New Braunfels.City Map 1
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needed Verein buildings. For exampl
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Church Street, Mill Street led to t
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especially town lots quickly evapor
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Figure 4.3 New Braunfels.City Map 1
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a week on their way from San Antoni
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people. Little farming could be fou
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other served as a hotel, tavern and
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Germans than the Anglo-Americans, 1
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Figure 4.5 Comal Town and Braunfels
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Figure 4.6 Neighborsville Map, 1863
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emarked how the town’s location w
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The Town Square, Buildings and Othe
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“genuine rural spot” on his hil
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esidences to the count if included
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during the same time. 191 In term o
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Figure 4.8 New Braunfels Map 1868 1
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a pull factor to get other people t
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and in through the chinks between t
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Figure 4.9 San Marcos City Map, Cop
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Their arrival forced Adelsverein le
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egional importance. Goods produced
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e found in an urban geographical se
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Table 5.1 (cont.) List of Occupatio
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them, so it seems only natural that
Page 155 and 156:
Several things in this table stand
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to 46 listings, which meant there w
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Braunfels in 1855 and noted several
Page 161 and 162:
If so many people in New Braunfels
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mills, two saw mills, and a sash fa
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The number and percentage of agricu
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e utilized to a greater extent. Lan
Page 169 and 170:
commented that he believed it was t
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As well, the hiring of Germans to w
Page 173 and 174:
occupied the whole county. He furth
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When it was time for the 1880 count
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a brickyard worker. However, there
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een “staked out and the plow [was
Page 181 and 182:
Chapter Six Conclusions The physica
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outsider. One theme consistent thro
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the 1870s with population and econo
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Culture played a role in the develo
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Foreign Born Adult and Head of Hous
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Adult Population Totals by Ethnicit
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Foreign Born and U.S. born Adult an
Page 195 and 196:
Foreign Born and U.S. Born Children
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Free Population, Heads of Household
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Adult Origin of Birth/Ethnicity Com
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
U.S. Born Adult Population Origins
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
U.S. Born and Foreign Born Children
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
U.S. Born Adult and Head of Househo
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Foreign Born and U.S. Born Children
Page 223 and 224:
U.S. Born Adult Population Origins
Page 225 and 226:
Adult Population by Ethnicity, Summ
Page 227 and 228:
Adult Origin of Birth/Ethnicity Com
Page 229 and 230:
Foreign Born Population Origins Hea
Page 231 and 232:
U.S. Born Population Origins (cont.
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Population Totals by Ethnicity New
Page 235 and 236:
Population by Ethnicity, Summary He
Page 237 and 238:
Foreign Born and U.S. Born Populati
Page 239 and 240:
Foreign Born and U.S. Born Populati
Page 241 and 242:
U.S. Born Population Origins Heads
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Population Totals by Ethnicity San
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U.S. Born Population (cont.) Childr
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Appendix B Occupations for New Brau
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Table B.1 (cont.) List of Occupatio
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Occupation Summary Free Population,
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Page 255 and 256:
List of Occupations and the number
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Tinner 1 .8 Occupations of Boarders
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Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
1880 Occupations New Braunfels and
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Occupation Summary Head of Househol
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Seele, Hermann. The Cypress and Oth
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Arreola Daniel D. Tejano South Texa
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Glacken, Clarence J. Traces on the
Page 291 and 292:
________. “Growing Up Female in N
Page 293 and 294:
Texas Historical Records Survey, Di
Page 295:
Lutheran University, with grant mon
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