Crime and punishment in the wildlife trade - WWF UK

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Crime and punishment in the wildlife trade Jason Lowther Dee Cook Martin Roberts Regional Research Institute, University of Wolverhampton May 2002
All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is subject to copyright and may be reproduced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit WWF-UK as the copyright holder. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of WWF or TRAFFIC. The authors have used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that the content of this report, the data compiled, and the methods of calculation and research are consistent with normally accepted standards and practices. However, no warranty is given to that effect nor any liability accepted by the authors for any loss or damage arising from the use of this report by WWF-UK or by any other party. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to acknowledge the assistance of David Cowdrey, Campaign Director, Wildlife Trade, and Kirsty Clough, the Campaign Coordinator. Thanks are also due to TRAFFIC International – especially Stephanie Pendry – for providing detailed information on wildlife prosecutions. HM Customs and Excise provided seizure information, and Charles MacKay, Anne-Marie Bamford and Chris Miller were patient in dealing with our confusions and misapprehensions around Customs seizures and prosecutions. Ann Flintham of the Magistrates Association helped to clarify the perspective of the courts, and Sandra Cleva of the US FWS Office of Law Enforcement assisted with information on an American case. The Global Wildlife Division at DEFRA agreed to our borrowing ideas from previous research undertaken by us on its behalf. We are grateful to DEFRA for its willingness to assist. Finally, thanks go to our colleague Pete Jones who first suggested we look at due diligence schemes. Jason Lowther, Dee Cook and Martin Roberts Regional Research Institute University of Wolverhampton www.wlv.ac.uk For further information please contact: The Species Programme WWF-UK Panda House, Weyside Park Godalming, Surrey GU7 1XR Telephone 01483 426444 Fax 01483 426409 www.wwf.org.uk © WWF-UK, 2002 Panda symbol © WWF 1986 ® WWF Registered Trademark Registered Charity No 1081247
Page 1: CRIME AND PUNISHMENT iN THE WILDLIF
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary The attitude of t
Page 7: 7 Promote deterrence of illegal wil
Page 10 and 11: Part of the answer may be the intro
Page 12 and 13: EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REGULATION The p
Page 14 and 15: HM C&E, regulates the import and ex
Page 16 and 17: Table 1. Case study examples of pen
Page 18 and 19: In addition, there is an increasing
Page 20 and 21: Table 2. Legislation and maximum pe
Page 22 and 23: charged with selling tarantula spid
Page 24 and 25: Certainty would involve a radical c
Page 26 and 27: Table 4. HM C&E seizures 64 of ille
Page 28 and 29: 6 Prosecution policy and sentencing
Page 30 and 31: Uppermost in the mind of the Panel
Page 32 and 33: 8 Recommendations As a result of th
Page 34 and 35: UK CASE STUDIES Raymond Humphrey an
Page 36 and 37: Wilfred Bull and others - Rhino hor
Page 38 and 39: EUROPEAN UNION CASE STUDIES Spain -
Page 40 and 41: goods involved can be liable to for

Crime and punishment in the wildlife trade - WWF UK

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