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If, however, they be taken in a restricted sense at all, Capitolinae
arcis points naturally to the actual citadel, especially with
the word "defender," praesidi, on which the genitive depends.
Likewise the same expression in Livy VI, 20, 9, because of the
co-ordinate use of Capitolium atque arcem in the same passage,
can refer only to the hill in general:
"Identidem Capitolium spectans Iovem deosque alios devocasse
ad auxilium fortunarum suarum precatusque esse, ut quam
mentern sibi Capitolinam arcem proh;genti ad salutem populi
Romani dedissent, earn populo Romano in suo discrimine darent;
et orasse singulos universosque, ut Capitolium atque arcem
intuentes, ut ad deos inmortales versi de se iudicarent."
The same is true of the passage in Tacitus Hist. III, 71, too
long to quote. Any siege or storming of the Capitoline Hill would
naturally involve both spurs, so Capitotina arx is likely to be nothing
more than a general term for the entire mOWlt. In Livy's
account of Tarpeia's treason and the battle over the Sabine women,
arx certainly means the entire hill, unless it refer to the true
Arx alone, for we even find the words "quod inter Palatinum
Capitolinumque collem campi" (I, 11-12), the distinction being, as
in Tibullus II, 5, between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. Ovid
himself affords one of the most striking examples of the use of
the word meaning the hill in general, where Mars in addressing
an assemblage of the gods speaks of their abodes in arce, that is,
their temples, which lay on both spurs (Fast';' VI, 367). Compare
with this Livy (VI, 16, 2), "Iuppiter Optime Maxime Iunoque
regina ac Minerva ceterique dii deaeque qui Capitolium arcemque
incolitis." One other passage in Ovid (Tristia IV, 2, 55-56),
besides that already mentioned (Fasti VI, 18), may be a reference
to the Capitolium alone, though it would appear to mean the hill
and not the building. The lines are descriptive of the offering
at a triumph, and are as follows:
"Inde petes arcem et delubra faventia votis;
Et dabitur merito laurea vota Iovi."
It is Jupiter Optimus Maximus, of course, whose temple is referred
to in delubra. Even in these lines, however, I do not see
why arcem cannot be applied vaguely to the Capitoline as a
whole, though the thought of the southern spur is certainly more
prominent. Now there are two other passages in the Fasti in