Full Version - Water for Food Institute - University of Nebraska

48
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON WATER FOR FOOD 2
Speakers
Investment in Agricultural Innovation
Technologies offer a third area of innovation.
Agricultural technical assistance has suffered the
same fate as infrastructure investment, down to 3
percent in 2005 from 18 percent in 1980. Brazil,
in contrast, continued to invest in agricultural
research, resulting in enormous returns.
Agricultural output is now three times higher
than 25 years ago, not from cutting down the
Amazon Forest, but due to innovation and
better use of resources. “If you … contrast a
Brazil with an Africa, which depends on the
whims of donors, the contrast, in my view,
couldn’t be more striking,” Briscoe said.
Nevertheless, the development community, as
articulated in the World Bank’s International
Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science
and Technology for Development, eulogized
small-scale and organic farming and denounced
the Brazilian model of technology-intensive and
large-scale agriculture that relies on genetically
modified organisms (GMOs), Briscoe said.
Yet middle-income countries understand that
GMOs are essential to increasing agricultural
production, Briscoe said, adding, “We then have,
in my view, a really tragic situation. Because when
you look at development, the middle-income
countries have gone their own way very
successfully. And Africa stays out of GMOs,
as I understand, largely because of pressure of
European donors. …This is, to me, a sin.”
Briscoe described other technological
innovations in water and wastewater treatment
technologies, nanotechnologies, desalination
and information technology.
Private Sector Engagement
New forms of partnerships also offer exciting
new processes. Companies that see water
scarcity and pollution as threats respond in one
of three ways: by partnering with an NGO
largely for appearances, by reducing their
footprint to acceptable levels, or by adopting a
philosophy of creating shared value. Nestlé,
for example, believes that to improve business,
it benefits the company to view itself as part
of the long supply chain and to get involved
in demanding that government better manage
water resources.
A growing group of global companies is beginning
to understand the world’s water challenge, to
question what it will mean to their businesses
and to engage with public policy, Briscoe said.
He added that this positive participation must be
populated by not only multinational corporations
but also domestic companies of high moral
standing that understand the local context.
“We’re going to need public leadership and
private innovation,” Briscoe concluded. He
believes universities serve an important role in
training, in generating and convening knowledge,
and in creating a new sense of partnerships in
which mutual learning occurs. “The world has
changed. The world doesn’t begin and end in
the United States anymore. … The world is out
there in China, India, Africa, Brazil. These are
places with enormous intellectual capability,
where they’re able to actually innovate often
much faster than we are.”