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Tab.3: Balances of soil organic matter (SOM) for optimal economical and ecological conditions
as well as corresponding needs for reproduction-efficient organic substances (ROS)
and amounts for animal manure(AM) for arable soils
derived from the results of 13 long-term field experiments of 9 locations in Germany
(Optimal conditions: Both optimal mineral and organic fertilization)
[Standpoint VDLUFA / 8 th April 2004; but additionally location Seehausen]
Locations Starting years Optimal amounts
of animal manure
[t . ha -1 . yr -1 ]
1. Bad Lauchstädt 1)
1902/1978
2. Seehausen 2)
1966
3. Methau 3)
1966
4. Spröda 3)
1966
5. Müncheberg 4)
1962
6. Braunschweig 4)
1952
7. Groß Kreutz 5,6)
1967
8. Thyrow 7)
1938
9. Speyer 8) 1958/1983
10
12
10
10
8
10
10-15
10
15
Balance values ROS
[t . ha -1 . yr -1 ]
= animal manure (AM)
[t . ha -1 . yr -1 ]
2.6 ROS = 13.0AM
2.4 ROS = 12.0 AM
2.6 ROS = 13.0 AM
2.6 ROS = 13.0 AM
2.6 ROS = 13.0 AM
2.6 ROS = 13.0 AM
2.6 ROS = 13.0 AM
2.0 ROS = 10.2 AM
2.5 ROS = 12.7 AM
1. – 9. Average c.o. 10.8 2.5 ROS = 12.5 AM
[ 2.0 ROS = 10.0 AM]
These average values correspond to an optimum (and maximum) input of animal manure of 1 Gross
weight unit (GWU= LWU= AU) of 500 kg life weight (LW ) per ha agricultural area, in respect to optimum C,
N, P, K, Mg (and S) balances and sufficient for the healthy nutrition of 10 capita with animal food
corresponding to 0.1 GWU . capita -1 (Isermann and Isermann 1999/2004)
1) Körschens et al. (1994), 2) Leithold et al. (1996), 3) Albert (1999), 4) Rogasik (2003), 5) Asmus (1995), 6) Zimmer and Prystav (2003),
7) Lettau and Ellmer (1997), 8) Bischoff and Emmerling (2003) cited by Körschens (2002) and VDLUFA (2004),
Tab. 4: Optimum soil organic matter conditions (SOM or C org = humus) of groundwater-remote sandy and loamy soils
under common arable farming and average climatic conditions in Europe derived from 26 long-term field trials in
Western Europe (Average yearly temperatures: 6-10°C, average yearly precipitation: 400 –800 mm)
(Körschens 1995/1997, Schulz 1997, Körschens and Schulz 1999, Isermann and Isermann 1999, 2003a-b, Isermann und Körschens 2001, Isermann
2002, 2003, Benbi et al. 2003; completed)
Individual parameters
Respective optimum conditions of SOM
1. Concentrations / Quantities
1.1 Total SOM
1.2 Decomposable SOM dec.
Hot water soluble SOM hws
(SOM thickness: 30 cm)
1.3 Mineralised SOM min
(e.g. Central Germany:
4% of SOM dec)
2. Thickness
(tillage depth)
Total SOC= C org: 0.7 % (sandy soil) up to 2.5% (black soil) dependent on the clay content (0.7-21%)
Total SON= N org: 0.07% (sandy soil) up to 0.25% (black soil) dependent on the clay content (0.7-21%)
Decomposable SOC= C dec : 0.4 (0.2-0.6)% = 16 (8-24) t . ha -1 = C hwl : 25-30 mg . 100 g soil matter -1
Decomposable SON= N dec: 0.04 (0.02-0.06) % =1.6 (0.8-2.4) t . ha -1
Mineralised SOC= C min : 680 (320-960) kg . ha -1. a -1
Mineralised SON= N min: 68 (32-96) kg . ha -1. a -1
20 cm ( e.g. sandy soil)
3. Qualities:
3.1 SOC/SON= C org /N org 10/1 (> 8/1 up to < 12/1)
3.2 SOC/SOS= C org / S org 100/1 (> 70/1 up to < 140/1)
3.3 SOC/SOP= C org / P org 150/1 (> 100/1 up to < 200/1)
4. Types raw humus moder mull
5. Maintenance of optimal SOM
balance
(Mineralisation =
Immobilisation)
2 t reproduction-efficient organic susbtance (ROS) . ha -1 . a -1
= stable manure / liquid manure of 2 t of dry matter / 10 t of raw mass
from 1 gross weight unit (GWU) or 1 life weight heavy lifestock unit (LFU) of 500 kg life weight (LW)
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