Technical Paper by A. Fakher and C.J.F.P. Jones WHEN THE ...

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FAKHER & JONES • When Bending Stiffness of Geosynthetic Reinforcement is Important (a) -0.3 -0.2 B / 2 -0.05 +0.1 +0.05 Y d / B = 0 (b) -0.3 -0.1 -0.05 +0.1 +0.05 Reinforcement Y d / B = 0 (c) -0.3 +0.1 Reinforcement -0.1 -0.05 +0.05 Y d / B = 0 Figure 14. Contours of normalised vertical displacement, Y d /B : (a) no reinforcement; (b) cable elements used to model the reinforcement; (c) beam elements used to model the reinforcement. 458 GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL • 2001, VOL. 8, NO. 5
FAKHER & JONES • When Bending Stiffness of Geosynthetic Reinforcement is Important tice, but it should be considered in the design of earthworks over super soft clay. The current study suggests that the structural behaviour of the reinforcement over super soft clay is like a plate supported by the vertical reaction force from the clay. If the plate is anchored horizontally, it will present a high resistance to the vertical load. The effect of the reinforcement pull-out resistance is to provide a horizontal restraint for the plate. The following conclusions associated with the influence of the reinforcement bending stiffness resulted from the current study: 1. The structural behaviour of the geosynthetic reinforcement with bending stiffness used as a primary construction stage over super soft clays is like a stiff plate. 2. The higher the reinforcement bending stiffness, the higher the bearing capacity of the system. 3. The use of reinforcement with high bending stiffness reduces the heave of the surface which is distributed over a wider area. 4. With very stiff (in bending) reinforcement, the maximum heave does not occur at the ground surface. The relative importance of the reinforcement bending stiffness depends on the following factors: • When the D/B ratio is small, the increase of the bearing capacity ratio due to bending stiffness is significant. • When the footing width B increases, the effect of bending stiffness decreases sharply. • The reinforcement bending stiffness is not important when the underlying clay is not in a super soft state. REFERENCES Burd, H.J., 1995, “Analysis of Membrane Action in Reinforced Unpaved Roads”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 946-956. Fakher, A., 1997, “Laboratory and Analytical Investigation into Construction Over Super Soft Clays”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 161 p. Fakher, A. and Jones, C.J.F.P., 1996a, “Land Reclamation Using Super Soft Clay”, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering, Hohai University Press, Vol. 2, Nanjang, China, pp. 775-780. Fakher, A. and Jones, C.J.F.P., 1996b, “A New Unit Cell to Study the Deformation Mechanism of Super Soft Clay Overlaid by Geogrid and Sand”, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 349-367. Fakher, A., Jones, C.J.F.P., and Zakaria, N.-A.B., 1996, “The Influence of Dimensional Analysis on the Interpretation of Model Loading Tests of Reinforced Ground”, Earth Reinforcement, Ochiai, H., Yasufuku, N., Omine, K., Editors, Balkema, Vol. 1, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement, IS GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL • 2001, VOL. 8, NO. 5 459
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