Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 19 ... - Geus

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Fig. 3. Topographical map by Rink (1857) reproduced by Nordenskiöld (1871), showing the location of Kome, Atane and other named features given lithostratigraphic significance by Nordenskiöld. 10
chemistry of the Nuussuaq Basin have been studied in detail by the Survey and the University of Copenhagen, and it is now possible to establish a modern, formal, lithostratigraphic framework for all the sedimentary units in the Nuussuaq Basin. As now defined, the individual Cretaceous – Early Paleocene formations are, to a large extent, genetic units bounded by unconformities. The new framework has been established with the least possible alteration of the earlier defined units in order to avoid confusion and to promote the overall understanding of the basin. Therefore, the naming of units does not in all cases conform to the rules set out by the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature (1983). Some of the old informal units were named according to their content of fossils or lithology; a few of these units have been retained due to the large collections of fossils originating from them. The place names used herein are all in modern Greenlandic orthography. However, previously defined lithostratigraphic units using older spelling have not been renamed. A complete list of place names used is given in both new and old orthography in the Appendix; their location is shown on Fig. 2. Previous work The period before 1938 – the pioneers on the fossil floras The Cretaceous–Paleocene sediments of West Greenland have been known as far back as the time when the Norsemen in Greenland visited this area and named a headland ‘Eysunes’ from the Norse word ‘eisa’ (meaning glowing embers); this refers to the spontaneous combustion of organic-rich mudstones and coal that has taken place after landslides at several localities along Vaigat, the strait between Disko and Nuussuaq (Fig. 2; Rosenkrantz 1967; Henderson 1969). Following re-colonisation in 1721, the coal seams along Vaigat again attracted much attention, and by the time the region had its first inspector in 1782 the Disko Bugt colonies had become self-sufficient in coal, as mentioned in Paul Egede’s ‘Efterretninger om Grönland’ (Steenstrup 1874). The early geological and geographical investigations of this region were reported by Giesecke (1806–13, in: Steenstrup 1910), Rink (1853, 1857; Fig. 3), Nordenskiöld (1871, 1872) and Brown (1875). An account of the later investigations up to 1968 can be found in Rosenkrantz (1970). For many years it was plant fossils found in the limnic part of the succession that attracted the attention of geologists from all over the world. Brongniart (1831 p. 351) described the first species from Kome on northern Nuussuaq. In the following years, collections of plant fossils were made at several localities in the region, mainly from eastern Disko and Atanikerluk, which were described by Heer (1868). These descriptions aroused so much interest that a British expedition led by E. Whymper and R. Brown was sent out to collect new material in 1867 (Heer 1870). The expedition of A.E. Nordenskiöld in 1870 provided a much larger collection, and for the first time Upper Cretaceous strata were recognised (Heer 1874a, b). Collections from an expedition in 1871 led by E.G.R. Nauckhoff were described by Heer (1880). Important new collections were made by K.J.V. Steenstrup during his expeditions in 1871–72 and 1878–80, and members of Steenstrup’s expeditions discovered a number of new plant fossil localities on Disko, Nuussuaq, Upernivik Ø and Svartenhuk Halvø (Fig. 4). Steenstrup brought his collection back to Copenhagen in 1880 and it was described by Heer (1882, 1883a, b). Heer (1883b) concluded from his studies, which now included more than 600 species (e.g. Fig. 5), that the plant fossils could be divided into three Cretaceous floras (the Kome, Atane and Patoot floras) and one flora of Tertiary age (the Upper Atanikerdluk flora). Later work on plant fossils from this area includes that of Seward (1924, 1926), Miner (1932a, b; 1935), Seward & Conway (1935, 1939), Koch (1963, 1964, 1972a, b), and Boyd (1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998a, b, c, 2000). The plant fossils from Upernivik Næs, described as being part of the Atane flora by Heer (1883b), were recognised as a separate flora (Upernivik Næs flora) by Koch (1964) and referred to as the Upernivik flora by Boyd (1998a, b, c, 2000). 11
Page 1 and 2: GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GR
Page 4 and 5: Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: Preface The onshore Cretaceous-Pale
Page 9: Introduction The Nuussuaq Basin bel
Page 13 and 14: Fig. 5. Plant fossils from the Atan
Page 15 and 16: Peak 2010 m Peak 1900 m Peak 1760 m
Page 17 and 18: A lithostratigraphy for the marine
Page 19 and 20: to provide further funding for stud
Page 21 and 22: DGR Geological setting As a result
Page 23 and 24: TSS 8 Agatdal Fm Eqalulik Fm Kangil
Page 25 and 26: A Svartenhuk Halvø 50 km B Hinterl
Page 27 and 28: Nuussuaq Group new group History. T
Page 29 and 30: ley (Figs 2, 40, 65). The section a
Page 31 and 32: Central Nuussuaq Agatdalen South co
Page 33 and 34: 3 10 4 6 5 Qorlortorssuaq Slibesten
Page 35 and 36: volcanic sediments are referred to
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 20. View from Uummannaq toward
Page 39 and 40: In the Kuuk area, the sediments ove
Page 41 and 42: m m 15 14 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
Page 43 and 44: Kome Formation m 40 30 20 D tial re
Page 45 and 46: Fig. 28. Reference locality of the
Page 47 and 48: Vaigat Fm Vesterfjeld Slibestensfje
Page 49 and 50: Gilbert delta in the Ikorfat area (
Page 51 and 52: 150 300 450 100 250 400 m 550 50 20
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 36. Outcrop of the Upernivik N
Page 55 and 56: Correlation. The Upernivik Næs flo
Page 57 and 58: 12’ 09’ 15’ 06’ 03’ Saqqa
Page 59 and 60: m 0 GGU 247801 200 400 247815 ★
Page 61 and 62:
wave-rippled sand streaked mudstone
Page 63 and 64:
the formation in the marine mudston
Page 65 and 66:
d d Fig. 47. Type locality of the S
Page 67 and 68:
Fig. 49. Cross-bedded medium- to co
Page 69 and 70:
and Qaarsut (Fig. 22). Its wider di
Page 71 and 72:
Fig. 52. Two closely spaced section
Page 73 and 74:
Type section. The type section of t
Page 75 and 76:
Fig. 56. Delta front succession of
Page 77 and 78:
Fig. 59. The Kingittoq Member at Ki
Page 79 and 80:
sh L sh ch delta front Vaigat Forma
Page 81 and 82:
Fig. 63. Type locality of the Itivn
Page 83 and 84:
782 Quaternary cover 54° 888 Malig
Page 85 and 86:
Kuugannguaq-Qunnilik Fault and is o
Page 87 and 88:
and include clasts of intraformatio
Page 89 and 90:
deposited in a base-of-slope and ba
Page 91 and 92:
VK 53°30’ 53°15’ Niaqornat Tu
Page 93 and 94:
Umiivik-1 m Overburden ★ ★ No p
Page 95 and 96:
76). Heavily bioturbated interbedde
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 78. Type locality of the Kussi
Page 99 and 100:
A B Itilli Formation Kussinerujuk M
Page 101 and 102:
160 140 120 100 Vaigat Formation Eq
Page 103 and 104:
Fig. 85. Mudstones and conglomerati
Page 105 and 106:
Fig. 87. Type section of the Kangil
Page 107 and 108:
m 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 Kangil
Page 109 and 110:
channellised, high-density currents
Page 111 and 112:
Thickness. The Annertuneq Conglomer
Page 113 and 114:
Fig. 96. A: Type locality of the Oy
Page 115 and 116:
On Svartenhuk Halvø, on the east s
Page 117 and 118:
Fig. 100. Reference locality of the
Page 119 and 120:
Tupaasat Member Atane Formation Fig
Page 121 and 122:
ever, have a fluvio-lacustrine orig
Page 123 and 124:
etween Tupaasat and Nuuk Qiterleq a
Page 125 and 126:
Vaigat Formation sill Quikavsak For
Page 127 and 128:
Fig. 112. The sharp boundary betwee
Page 129 and 130:
Agatdal Formation Eqalulik Formatio
Page 131 and 132:
Fig. 116. Basal conglomerate unit o
Page 133 and 134:
heterolithic deposits of the Kangil
Page 135 and 136:
GANE#1 Vaigat Fm Anaanaa Mb m Hyalo
Page 137 and 138:
Fig. 121. Well reference section of
Page 139 and 140:
Pedersen 1978). The beds are usuall
Page 141 and 142:
In detail, however, the boundary be
Page 143 and 144:
Fig. 126. Composite type section of
Page 145 and 146:
m m 240 340 m Pingu Member 230 230
Page 147 and 148:
Naujât Member Atane Formation, Kin
Page 149 and 150:
The TOC [Total Organic Carbon] cont
Page 151 and 152:
Fig. 133. Correlation of the member
Page 153 and 154:
Fig. 135. Type locality of the Ping
Page 155 and 156:
Fig. 137. Lower, sharp boundary of
Page 157 and 158:
m 130 125 110 t t invasive lava low
Page 159 and 160:
Fig. 141. Upper part of the Assoq M
Page 161 and 162:
Brown, R. 1875: Geological notes on
Page 163 and 164:
a rosetted spreite trace fossil: Da
Page 165 and 166:
ing bark from the Nûgssuaq peninsu
Page 167 and 168:
1998: The syn-volcanic Naajaat lake
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix: Place names and localitie
Page 171:
Place name Place name P Paatuut sou
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Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 19 ... - Geus

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