silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite - IARC ...
silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite - IARC ...
silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite - IARC ...
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<strong>IARC</strong> MONOGRAPHS – 100C<br />
Table 1.3 (cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />
Reference, <strong>in</strong><strong>dust</strong>ry<br />
and country, period (if<br />
rep<strong>or</strong>ted)<br />
Site, occupation, <strong>or</strong> exposure<br />
circumstance<br />
Granite-quarry<strong>in</strong>g and -process<strong>in</strong>g, crushed stone, and related <strong>in</strong><strong>dust</strong>ries<br />
Wickman & Middend<strong>or</strong>f<br />
(2002)<br />
Granite–quarry<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
Ge<strong>or</strong>gia, USA; May 1993–<br />
February 1994<br />
Brown & Rushton (2005a)<br />
In<strong>dust</strong>rial <strong>silica</strong> sand,<br />
United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, 1978–2000<br />
Gottesfeld et al. (2008)<br />
Stone–crush<strong>in</strong>g mills,<br />
India, 2003 (<strong>in</strong>itial<br />
phase), 2006 and 2007<br />
(post-implementation <strong>of</strong><br />
eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g controls)<br />
Y<strong>in</strong>gratanasuk et al. (2002)<br />
Stone carvers, Thailand,<br />
1999–2000<br />
Concentration<br />
<strong>of</strong> respirable<br />
<strong>crystall<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>silica</strong><br />
(mg/m 3 )<br />
Arithmetic mean<br />
(SD)<br />
Granite sheds 0.052 (0.047) 40<br />
Unadjusted<br />
geometric mean<br />
(GSD)<br />
Number <strong>of</strong><br />
samples<br />
Quarries 0.09 (3.9) 2429<br />
(personal)<br />
583 (static)<br />
Arithmetic mean<br />
(SD)<br />
Pri<strong>or</strong> to water-spray controls (2003) Cristobalite, 0.09<br />
(0.08)<br />
Quartz, 0.25<br />
(0.12)<br />
After water-spray controls<br />
Monsoon season (w<strong>in</strong>ter 2007) Cristobalite, 0.02<br />
(0.01)<br />
Quartz, 0.01<br />
(0.01)<br />
Dry season (summer 2006) Cristobalite, 0.03<br />
(0.03)<br />
Quartz, 0.06<br />
(0.12(<br />
[5]<br />
[5]<br />
[18]<br />
[18]<br />
[27]<br />
[27]<br />
Carvers (Site 1) Pestle makers (Site 1) Arithmetic mean 0.22<br />
0.05<br />
148 (total<br />
number <strong>of</strong><br />
samples)<br />
M<strong>or</strong>tar makers (Site 2) 0.05<br />
M<strong>or</strong>tar makers (Site 3) 0.88<br />
Comments<br />
Exposure assessment surveys <strong>in</strong> 10 granite sheds to measure<br />
compliance; full-shift respirable <strong>dust</strong> samples <strong>in</strong> w<strong>or</strong>kers’<br />
breath<strong>in</strong>g zone and area samples; gravimetric analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
respirable <strong>dust</strong>; <strong>crystall<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>silica</strong> analysis us<strong>in</strong>g OSHA ID<br />
142; TWA exposures calculated<br />
Samples collected by companies as part <strong>of</strong> rout<strong>in</strong>e<br />
monit<strong>or</strong><strong>in</strong>g programme; gravimetric analysis; <strong>silica</strong> content<br />
measured by Fourier trans<strong>f<strong>or</strong>m</strong> <strong>in</strong>frared spectrophotometry<br />
until 1997 and by X-ray diffraction <strong>the</strong>reafter; personal and<br />
static measurements comb<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>to one data set<br />
Bulk and personal air samples collected; <strong>silica</strong> analysis<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g NIOSH method 7500; NIOSH method 0500 f<strong>or</strong><br />
respirable particulates used <strong>in</strong> 2003<br />
Cross-sectional study design; full-shift (8-hour) personal<br />
<strong>dust</strong> samples; respirable <strong>dust</strong> analysed gravimetrically; <strong>silica</strong><br />
analysis by <strong>in</strong>frared spectrophotometry<br />
362
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