here - O - Universiteit Leiden
here - O - Universiteit Leiden
here - O - Universiteit Leiden
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GabrielaE.Dima,SectiadeItaliana,Universitatea“Al.ICuza”,IaOi(Rom ania)<br />
PrescriptionandTraditionintheRomanianLiteraryLanguage<br />
6ispaperintendstopresentsomepeculiaritiesofthelinguisticsystem ofRomanianinits<br />
historicaldevelopment,withparticularregardtothe18 th century.<br />
OldRomanianreachedarelativelyunitarycharacterby1750.Laictranslations<br />
cariedoutduringthefolowingperiod,whichrepresenttheonlyform oflaicliteraturein<br />
Romanian,werein2uencedbyWesternEnlightenmentandalowedthepenetrationof<br />
severalelem entsfrom thepopularlanguagewhileextendingthenumberofinnovations.<br />
AccordingtoEugenioCoseriu(Introducereinlingvistica,Cluj,1975),ataparticularm o-<br />
ment,someinfrequentphenomenaareseenas“erors”bytheoldsystem consideredto<br />
representthe“prescription”,buttheybecom einnovations,endingtobeacceptedasregular<br />
elementsofthenew system.<br />
Wewilt<strong>here</strong>forepresentasigni!cantnumberofexamples,extractedfrom the<br />
RomanianCyrilicmanuscriptsthathavebeenlitleinvestigatedsofar,toilustratethe<br />
linguisticchanges,t<strong>here</strong>asonsbehind thesechangesand their!nalacceptanceasprescriptiveelem<br />
ents.Am ongthenum eroussituationsencountered,weshalprovideexamples<br />
atphonetic,morphologicalandlexicallevel.Forinstance,inphonetics,theoldlanguage<br />
usedtheverbalform adePchide,whilein the18 th centurya“mistakenform”,adeschide,<br />
appeared,generalizedandbecamecompulsoryinthemodernliterarylanguage.Asfaras<br />
morphologyisconcerned,articledformsoft<strong>here</strong>lativepronouncare,speci!ctotheold<br />
language(carea,carele,cari),wereabandonedinfavouroftheunin2ectedform .Lexical<br />
wavingbetweentraditionandinnovationisparticularlyspectacular.6 echangeinthe<br />
!eldsofinterestduringEnlightenmentdeterminedthedevelopmentoffunctionalstyles<br />
andimposedanincreaseinthenumberofneologisms,necesaryforanadequatecommunication.6<br />
us,t<strong>here</strong>tookplacesigni!cantchangesofvocabularywithinanevolutionincludingtwophases.6<br />
e!rstneologismshadaphoneticadaptationandamorphological<br />
determinationaccordingtothetraditionalneo-Greekin2uence.Asaresult,togetherwith<br />
Greekwordssuchasdiadoh,ipocrisis,itichi,ametahirisi,perierghie,tropos,Latin-rom ance<br />
loanswereadapted in thesam eway:apublicarisi,arecomandarisi,atradisi,teoreticos.6 e<br />
secondphasem eantadeparturefrom theprevioustraditionsthatcouldnot,however,be<br />
substitutedbyadiJerentnorm .6 econsequencewasthatthephoneticaspectoftheloan<br />
waspreserved,makingthusposibleanimmediateidenti!cationofthesourcelanguage:<br />
academisian,meta⇠zisian,pansion,senser(from French),arhivum,consilium,presidens,<br />
universitas(from Latin),calitá,neutralitá,prigionier,stravaganRS(from Italian),etc.<br />
6elanguageevolution,thecommoneJortsoftheRomanianintelectuals,the<br />
establishmentofaprescriptivegrammaranddictionary,thesubstitutionoftheCyrilic<br />
alphabetwiththeLatinoneconditionedtheformationofthemodernRomanianLiterary<br />
language.
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