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HeimirFreyrVi5arson,UniversityofIceland,Reykjavik(Iceland) ⇡eriseofstandardIcelandicsyntaxinthe19 th century:rewritinghistory AnemergingstandardvarietyofIcelandicwasamajorfocusofatentioninthe19 th century, althoughitcountedbynomeansasa!rstatempt.W ritennormshadformedalreadyin the12 th century,perhapsbestseen asa‘natural’linguisticproce sofselection (cp.H ope 2000).6 esenormscontinuedtobeadoptedandadapted,accordingtosocialand demographicchanges(Kusters2003).Nationalisticmovementsinthe19 th centuryregarded this2uxinthestandardasdeterioration.Asaresult,them edievalvarietywas‘legitim ised’ asproperIcelandic,facilitatedbythecodi!cationofOldNorsegrammarbyRaskinthe19 th century,whereitwasequatedwith(anidealisedvarietyof)19 th centuryIcelandic,downplayingthediJerencesbetweenthetwo(O tóson1990,Árnason2003). Inthistalk,IwilreportonanongoingstudyoftheeJectsofstandardisationon19 th centuryIcelandicsyntax,whichaimstoinvestigatetheerasureofsyntacticvariantsandthe extenttowhichthiscontributedtoits(aleged)uniformity.Iwilfocusonvariationinthe relativeorderofnegation/adverbs(ADV)andthe!niteverb(Vf.).ADV-Vf.orders,as opposedtoVf.-ADV,weresingledoutinthe1840sandasociatedwithDanish: (1) a. .ervérekkiátum voná (ADV-Vf.,“Danish”) b. .ervérátum ekkivoná‘whichwedidnotexpect.’ (Vf.-ADV,“OldNorse”) 6elinguisticstatusofthevariantsin(1)isamaterofdebate,asIwiladdresinthetalk. BycomparingdiJerentregistersbeforeanda?erADV–Vf.becamestigmatised,Iwishto asestheeJectsof19 th centuryprescriptivism .In general,itseem sthatIcelandic standardisationfocu sedm oreon(stylistic)details,asVanderSijs(2004)alsoconcludesfor Dutch,thanmajorgrammaticalchangestakingplace,e.g.Verb-Objectplacement;Icelandic underwentatypologicalshi?from 2exibleOV torigidVO ordersinthe19 th century (Hróarsdó tir2000).Itistelingfrom anideologicalpointofview thatthechangefrom OV toVO,apropersubsetoftheOldNorsesystem ,occu redbelow thelevelofconsciousne s, in contrastto(1).Yet,despitethefactthatboth changesresultedin an increasing convergencewithDanish,theVO orderswereneverperceivedassuch. References: Árnason,K.2003.Icelandic.In:GermanicStandardizations:PasttoPresent,pp.245-279.Ana Deumert&Wim Vandenbusche(eds.).JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany:Amsterdam/Philadelphia. Hope,J.2000.Rats,bats,sparowsanddogs:biology,linguisticsandthenatureofStandard English:6 eories,Descriptions,Con2icts.In: eDevelopmentofStandardEnglish1300- 1800,pp.49-56.LauraWright(ed.).CambridgeUniversityPres,Cambridge. Hróarsdótir,Å.2000.WordOrderChangeinIcelandic:From OVtoVO.John Benjam ins PublishingCompany,Amsterdam/Philadelphia. Kusters,W.2003.LinguisticComplexity: eIn↵uenceofSocialChangeonVerbalIn↵ection.PhD disertation,UniversiteitLeiden. O tóson,K.G.1990.Íslenskmálhreinsun:sögulegty⇠rlit.Íslenskm álnefnd,Reykjavík. VanderSijs,N.2004.Taalalsmensenwerk:hetontstaanvanhetABN.Sdu Uitgevers,Den Haag.
DouglasWilkersonandKyokoTakashi,NagoyaUniversityofForeign Studies,Nagoya(Japan) Democracy of Signs: Prescription and Liberty in Japanese Names 6eJapaneseMinistryofJusticelimitsthesymbolswhichmaybeusedinwritingnew personalnamestoalistof2,857(withanadditional230variantforms),thevastmajorityof whichareChinesecharacters. 6eMinistryofEducation(Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology)promotesa morelimitedlist,andprescribesarestrictednumberoftraditionalreadings(pronunciations)forthesenon-alphabeticsymbols,buttheM inistryofJusticepermitstheregistrationofvirtualyanyreadingforthesesignswhichconform stotraditionalJapanese phonology,includingfanciful,idiosyncratic,andforeign-in2uencedreadings. 6ispaperexaminesthedevelopmentoftheseparadoxicalpoliciesfrom thelate 1940stothelatestrevisionstothelistpromulgatedin2010. WhileitappearsthattheoriginalinsistenceoftheMinistryofEducationonlimiting thenum berofperm isiblesym bolsandreadingsinfavorof“dem ocracy”hasbeen gradualymodi!edbytheM inistryofJusticeinfavorofgreaterpersonalliberty,itwilalso beshownthatbothbureaucraciesactedtoconserveelementsoftraditionalJapanese culture,andtostrengthentheirownbureaucraticindependence. 6eresultingregulationsexhibitacombinationofprescriptivepublicconformity withprivateindividuallibertycharacteristicofmanyotherJapaneseinstitutions. References: AtsujiTetsuji.2010.Post-warHistoryofJapaneseCharacters(SengoNihon kanji-shi).Tokyo: Shinchosensho. EnmanjiJiro.2005.Post-warHistoryofCharactersforPersonalNames(Jinm eiyou-kanjinosengoshi).Tokyo:Iwanam ishinsho. YasuokaKouichi.2011.NewCharactersforCommonUseandPersonalNames:HistoryofCharacter Restrictions(Atarash ijouyou-kanjitojinm ei-kanji:kanji-seigen norekishi).Tokyo: Sanseido.
Page 1 and 2: Organisingcommitee eFourthPrescript
Page 3 and 4: Pre-ConferenceWorkshop “A titudes
Page 5 and 6: (Wed 12 June - continued) Sessions
Page 7 and 8: (Thu 13 June - continued) 15.30-16.
Page 9 and 10: Plenaries in chronologicalorder
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Page 13 and 14: FlorianCoulmas,Germ an Institutefor
Page 15 and 16: WendyAyres-BennetandIngrid Tieken-B
Page 17 and 18: RitaQueirozdeBaros,FacultyofLeterso
Page 19 and 20: UlrichBu se,M artin LutherUniversit
Page 21 and 22: DonChapman,Brigham YoungUniversity,
Page 23 and 24: PieterDuij,FryskeAkadem y-KNAW ,Dep
Page 25 and 26: NataliaGuermanova,M oscow StateLing
Page 27 and 28: MarkKaunisto,UniversityofJyväskyl
Page 29 and 30: HenriLePrieult,EnglishDepartm ent,U
Page 31 and 32: SpirosA.Moschonas,UniversityofAthen
Page 33 and 34: KazuhikoNakae,KansaiGaidaiUniversit
Page 35 and 36: NadiaPetrova,Leiden University( eNe
Page 37 and 38: HannaRutkowska,Adam M ickiewiczUniv
Page 39 and 40: DickSmakman,LUCL,Leiden University(
Page 41 and 42: RobinStraaijer,UniversityofLeiden (
Page 43 and 44: MasimoSturiale,UniversityofCatania(
Page 45: LoretaVaicekauskiene,Instituteforth
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