1985 - Mycological Society of America

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Adarns, G. M. W., see Rlackwell, M. G.R. ALlAGA and J. POMMERVILLE. The Department of B~ology, Texas A&M IJnt versity, College Station, TX 77843. Characterizat~on of the ktnetosomal region in the zoospores of Allomyces macrogynus. The aquatic fungus, Allomyces macrogynus, possesses unlflagllate zoospores with a slngle functional kinetosome (basal body) closely associated with the nucleus, the flagellar rootlet, and the basal mitochondr~on. This study was undertaken in an effort to determine more precisely the structure, orientation, and cornposition of the rootlet. Electron micrographs show that the rootlet is located next to that portion of the klnetosome which contains the characteristlc cartwheel structure. In longitudinally and transversely sectioned zoospores, the rootlet is composed of three electron dense bands, each separated by loosely packed fibrillar material. The outer band of the rootlet is adjacent to the basal mttochondrion whlch partially surrounds the rootlet while the inner band is linked to the kinetosome by short repeating extensions. The posterior portion of the nucleus is closely associated with the klnetosome forming an extension Into the most proximal region. Zoospores were osmotically lysed or mechanically disrupted in order to isolate the kinetosome fraction by density gradient centrif ugatlon. L~ght and electron microscopy of thls fraction showed that the kinetosome was separated w~th the nucleus, nuclear cap, cap-associated mitochondria, basal m~tochondrion, and flagellar rootlet, indicating that these organelles are associated with the kinetosome. Two-dtmensional polyacrylamide gel electrophores~s was performed on the kinetosomal fractions in order to characterize the proteins present. Further puriftcatlon of the kinetosome and the associated rootlet IS needed in order to determine the molecular composition of the structures. Arnerson, H. V., see Gray, 0. J. Arnrnirati , J. F., see Muel ler, G. M., et. a1 . Anderson, J. R., see Hintz, W. E., et. al. Anderson, J. R., see Meyer, R. J., et. al. J.B. ANDERSON. Mushroom Research Group, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6. Breeding behavior of Agaricus species. Cultivated strains of Agaricus bisporus are, for the most part, genetically uniform. One goal of our research is to use wild populations of Agaricus as a source of genetic variability which can be transferred into the background of A. bisporus by forced somatic hybridization. From the increased range of inherited variability in hybrid cells or their derivatives, strains improved with respect to yield, shelf life, temperature optima for growth and fruiting, or any other parameter could be selected. Information on the mating systems of wild Agaricus spp. is a prerequisite to any breeding program. We have found, that, consistent with earlier reports, A. bitorquis is unifactorially heterothallic, with multiple alleles at the mating-type locus. Although nuclear migration was previously unknown in Agaricus, we found a strain of A. bitorquis whose nuclei apparently migrate within the opposing mycelium of some compatible mates. A. vaporarius, which is very closely related to A. bisporus, was also unifactorially hrterothallic. Further, A. bisporus, -and A. bitorquis, and A. vaporariuswere intersterile wiTh one another. The mating systems of several other species, A. silvicola, A. campestris. A. placomyces, and A. arvensis -yere not clear. I w~li describe the use of auxotrophic and drug-resistance aucations as markers for selec~ion of interspecies h~!terokoryons in pairings of intact, living mycelia ~nd in fusions of protoplasts and I will discuss the DKOSDeCtS . . of - - overcoming intersterility barriers in Agaricus for breeding purposes. Anderson, R. C., see Liberta, A. E. Antonopoulos, A. A., see Wene, E. G. A.A. ANTONOPOULOS and E.G. WENE, Argonne National Laboratory, Energy and Environmental Systems, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439. Mutagenesis studies on Fusariwn oxyspom isolates. Selected Ftlsariwn strains have been studied to determine their potential for ethanol production from the decomposition and fermentation of biomass. In addition to screening strains isolated from natural habitats, new strains have been developed through W- irradiation of microconidia. In several cases W- mutants were more effective glucose and xylose fermenters and cellulase enzyme producers than the parental strains. Methodology and the results of mutagenesis efforts will be discussed. Arnott, H. J., see Whitney, K. D. Austin, W. L., see Wilfred, A., et. a1 . C. W. BACON and D. M. EINTON. Toxicology and Biological Constituents Research Unit, Russell Research Center, USDAIARS, Athens, GA 30613. Efficacy of Iodonitrotetrazolium violet for determining endophyte infected tall fescue seeds. A rapid and simple spectrophotometric method of measuring the infection and viability of the fungal endophyte, Acremonium sp., in seed of tall fescue is presented and partially characterized. The assay is based on the reduction of a tetrazolium salt, 2-(p-iodopheny1)-3-(p-nitropheny1)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INTI, by whole seed in the presence of nitrogen and Triton X-100. The method depends upon dehydrogenase enzyme activity to reduce the colorless INT into a violet-red compound (formazan) which is made water soluble by the Triton X-100. The procedure can be completed in a 24 to 48 h period; the INT-formazan product is measured at 490 nm, and the infection status of the seed lot assessed. The simplicity and rapidity of this method have many advantages over previously used methods (Eliza, seed growth, and microscopy) that are either complex, long andlor cannot distinguish living from dead fungi in seed. Several inhibitors and substrates of the electron transport system were used to determine the site of INT reduction in noninfected seed and contrasted with the apparent absence under anaerobic conditions in infected seed. E. R. BADHAM. Carolina Fungi, Inc. 2736 Lakeview Dr., Raleigh, NC 27609. The influence of humidity upon transpiration and growth in the mushroom Psilocybe cubensis. The influence of humidity upon individual basidiocarps of Psilocybe cubensis was studied using an environmentally controlled wind tunnel and a computer program which helped to model growth and
development. Regression models were developed which were able to explain 77% of the variation in the transpiration rate and 68% of the variation in growth rate. Transpiration and growth of this mushroom were significantly correlated with the humidity of the air. The fastest growth and the lowest transpiration occurred at the highest humidities. No inhibition of growth was detected at 0 pascals VDD (100% RH). Misting accelerated growth and transpiration while light had no effect. Although humidity was a very important factor influencing transpiration and growth, the size and shape of the mushroom were also important in water relations. The final water content of basidiocarps with thin stipes or those with large surface area/volume ratios was significantly lower than that of thick stiped mushrooms or those with small surface area/volume ratios even though humidity was equal. Growth rates under conditions which promoted the highest levels of hydration of the basidiocarp were rapid (up to estimated 4% increase in dry weight per hour). Barro, S. C., see Dunn, P. H., et. al. Barstow, W. E., see Freshour, G. D., et. al. - W.E. - BARSTOW, W.L. LINGLE and G.D. FRESHOUR. Botany Department, The Uni versi ty of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. The association of tubular and rough ER with gamma particle proteins in Blastocladiella emersonii , Blastocladiella bri tannica, m a r i a anguillulae. The presporulation coenocytic thallus of B. emersonii, E.britannica and characterized by the ~~~ bundles' of tubular elements which ramify through the cytoplasm. The individual tubules are composed of a single unit membrane averaging 8.7 nm in thickness. At this time each individual tubule is surrounded by an 80 to 100 nm ribosome-free zone. When the tubules occur in bundles there is a regular 100 to 150 nm center to center spacing which results in numerous hexagonal arrays as observed in cross section. During the early stages of zoosporangium formation the bundles of tubules lose their ordered re1 ationship to each other and the previously clearly defined ri bosome-f ree area around each tubule becomes less distinct. At this time there is a rapid increase in rough ER and frequent connections are found between the tubules and cisternae of rough EH. The cisternae of rough ER contain the protein precursors of gamma particles. By the time of papilla formation the tubules had disappeared. We assume that the tubule membranes had been converted to rough EK. L. R. BATRA. U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. Deceit and corruption: Ericaceae blights caused by Monilinia spp. mimic host flowers and exploit pollinators as vectors. A group of Monilinia spp. invades diverse Ericaceae (1). One species,, M. vaccinii-corymbosi (Reade) Honey is polytrophic on Vaccinium corymbosum L. and its several related species. In contrast, most other Monilinia spp. on the Ericaceae are rather species specific. They cause' a blight of nascent spring 17 shoots and mummification of fruit, e.g. the "mummy berry" stage in blueberries, cranberries (Vaccinium) and huckelberries (Gaylussacia). Recently we reported a new and unusual mechanism for dispersal of these pathogens where infected shoots, including leaves mimic flowers (2). The pathogen elicits behavior of particular insect pollinators so that they are attracted to infected parts where they lick the mantle of conidia, and become contaminated with spores. When these insects subsequently visit host flowers, the conidia are deposited on their stigmas, resulting in infected ovaries; and other floral parts, to be further dispersed. Here I discuss significance of comingling of inocula of several sympatric Monilinia spp.: M. azaleae Honey, M. baccarum (SchrBt.) Whet. , g. megalospora (Wor.) Whet., fi. oxycocci (Wor.) Honey, M. polycodii (Reade) Honey, 1. vaccinii-corymbosi and others. At least one pair of Monilinia spp. hybridizes. 1. Batra, L. R. 1983. Mycologia 75: 131-152. 2. Batra, L. R. and S. W. T. Batra. 1985. Science 226 (May issue). Beattie, S. W., see Hammill, T. M., et. al., a. Beattie, S. W., see Hammill, T. Y., et. al., b. - G. - L. BENNY J. L. .GIBSON, and J. W. KIMBROUGH. -9 Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Cytochemical observations on the merosporangia, merosporangiospores, and pseudophial ides of Linderina pennispora. Young Linderina pennispora merosporangiospores have several discernible layers and spines embedded in their walls. Fewer layers are produced in the walls of the subtending pseudophialides, but the septum and an associated lobate structure (the abscission vacuole or labyrinthiform organelle) are chemically different than the other walls. Cytochemical studies revealed the presence of a glucose- or mannose-containing cell coat on the merosporangia. The wall of the merosporangium and merosporangiospore, and the neck of the pseudophialide are chemically different from the remainder of the wall of the pseudophialide or the labyrinthiform organelle. Polysaccharides appear to be present in the wall of the merosporangium, the spore spines, and the lenticular cavity. D. A. BETTERLEY. Spawn Mate, Inc., 555 North First St., San Jose, CA 95112. Biological control of pathogens of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus spp.). This paper serves as a brief review of biological control attempts in mushroom cultivation and discussion of recent progress in the isolation and introduction of microbial antagonists to reduce disease incidence. In most cases, the antagonist must colonize the compost and/or casing materials in the presence of pesticides or conditions used to control other pathogens. Sciarid flies (Lycoriella spp.:Diptera) have been effectively controlled in small scale trials using several systems, among them isolates of Erynia montana (Entomophthorales), nematodes parasitic to sciarid larvae, and Bacillus thuringiensis.
Page 1 and 2: Mycological Society of America NEWS
Page 3 and 4: MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA NEWS
Page 5 and 6: CALENDAR OF MEETINGS, FORAYS, AND W
Page 7 and 8: NEW MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH G. C. ADAM
Page 9 and 10: FUNGI WANTED ACRASIOVYCETES R. L. B
Page 11 and 12: R. E. Tulloss: We1 1 -documented co
Page 13 and 14: PUBLICATIONS AVAI LABLE--FOR GIVE-A
Page 15 and 16: P. K. Dub1 ish needs pub1 ications
Page 17: Afternoon : Annual Lecture. Franz O
Page 21 and 22: JEAN R. BOISE. The New York Botanic
Page 23 and 24: 4-a 11 severe GI; Cratere llus corn
Page 25 and 26: sitica has revealed the presence of
Page 27 and 28: collected infrequently in lowland t
Page 29 and 30: W. M. HESS. Department of Botany an
Page 31 and 32: Hubbes, Y., see Spielman, L. J. R.
Page 33 and 34: Link. The 'fungus produces ailatoxi
Page 35 and 36: ferent dikaryons are maintained as
Page 37 and 38: Motta, J. J., see Cohen, S. D. G. M
Page 39 and 40: character with morphological or ana
Page 41 and 42: a data set for analysis and compari
Page 43 and 44: D-glucose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose,
Page 45 and 46: M.P. WACH, A. SRISKANTHA, K. KOONS,
Page 47 and 48: from Hawaii. Based on the morpholog
Page 49 and 50: EMPLOYER DATA FORM MYCOLOGICAL SOCI
Page 51 and 52: 15. Job preference. Circle one or m
Page 53 and 54: MELVIN S. FULLER spent May and June
Page 55 and 56: POSITIONS WANTED PETER R. SECKJORU
Page 57 and 58: PAPERS, SEMINARS, SYMPOSIA, AND WOR
Page 59 and 60: MICHAEL F. DOYLE was awarded the fi
Page 61 and 62: J. Preston Alexander would like to
Page 63 and 64: AFFILIATED SOCIETIES The Boston Myc

1985 - Mycological Society of America

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?