1985 - Mycological Society of America

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32 Long photographic exposures (2-4h) suggested that the major portion of light was emitted from the gill edges and in some cases from the hymenopodium. This was confirmed by low light-level video microscopy. The portion of the luminescent hyphae coincides with the location of the cheilocystidia. In senescing fruiting bodies 30-60% of the tbtal light emission could be detected from the pileus after the removal of the gills, in agreement with the observations of Buller (1924). In fresh, mature basidiocarps, however, light emission from the pileus, after removal of the gills was less than 10% of that of the gills. The cheilocystidia. which are cytologically distinct from the basidia, contain numerous lipid-like granules and. more mitochondria than are found in other hymenial cells. Supported by NSF grants PCM82-08534, BRS82-14960 and NIH grant GM-20829. D. J. LODGE. Center for Energy and Environment Research, G.P.O. Box 3682 San Juan, PR 00936. Colonization of eastern cottonwood roots by endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi on a dredge spoil island. Colonization of Populus deltoides roots by VAendo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi was studied on Eagle Island in Wilmington, North Carolina. Viable mycorrhizal inoculum was initially absent from the dredge spoils. The frequency of non-mycorrhizal trees was significantly lower than it would have been if P, deltoides had only been able to form one type of mycorrhizal association. The increased probability of infection associated with the ability to form both endo- and ectomycorrhizae could have favored the evolution of endo-/ectomycorrhrzal species among plants which are primary colonizers, assuming that both groups of fungi facilitate plant establishment. The percentage of root length infected by ectomycorrhizal fungi decreased with distance from the old forest on one end of the island (the nearest source of inoculum), and increased with tree diameter class. These two variables accounted for 62% of the variation in ectomycorrhizal root length. Endomycorrhlzae were absent from cottonwoods which were not associated with other potential hosts of endomycorrhzzal fungi, which suggests that root-to-root contacts may be important in local spread. The percentage of fine root length infected by endomycorrhizal fungi was negatively correlated with distance from the nearest road, which suggests that traffic might have dispersed soil containing endomycorrhlzal inoculum along roads. The patterns observed for infection by endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi were consistent with soil-borne and air-borne dispersal, respectively. A03 *LIi
ferent dikaryons are maintained as individuals are as follows: 1. I find that dikaryons differing in one or both parent monokaryons exhibit antagonisms with each other. I obtained these results using 4 parent monokaryons to construct all combinations of dikaryons. 2. The cytoplasmic (mitochondrial) backround of the dikaryons may mediate these interactions; in fact, a difference in mitochondrial types alone may be enough to cause incompatibility. 3. Once formed, dikaryons produced by dikaryoojmonokaryon matings exhibit antagonism toward the parent dikaryon. From these studies, I conclude that continuity of mating colonies, in either sexual process is short-lived. ,in investigation of the cytological bases of these interactions is currently underway. Mayfield, J. E., see Taylor, R., et. al. McGuinness, M. D., see Haskins, E. F. M.D. MCGUINNESS and E.F. HASKINS. Department of Botany, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. Fultiple alleles at the mating type locus in Echinostelium coelocephalum. Four isolates of Echinostelium coeloce halum have been aeneticall v anal vzed for t F--- e presence of heterothall ism. cros;ing experiments involving the parental generation of each isolate have demonstrated they are all heterothallic. The nature of the mating system in each isolate is a one locus bi-allelic system similar to that of the other myxomycetes thus far genetically analyzed. When tester clones of different mating types from each isolate were crossed in all possible pairwise combinations, protoplasmodia were produced by every cross. These data establish that each isolate possesses a unique pair of mating alleles. The presence of multiple mating alleles in these isolates of E. coelocephelum represents the first multiple allelic mating system in the myxomycetes outside the Physarales. McLaughlin, D. J., see O'Donnell, K. L. D. J. MCLAUGHLIN and K. L. OIDONNELL. Dept. of Botany, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. Nuclear division in the Heterobasidiomycetes: problems and pros'wcts. Nuclear division has been inv'kstigated ultrastructurally in relatively few Heterobasidiomycetes. Many orders remain unstudied, and a representative sampling of the genera in those orders which have been studied is still lacking. In the organisms examined a variety of spindle pole body forms and nuclear division features have been revealed which may clarify the systematics and provide guidance in interpreting evolution. The following topics will be discussed: 1, technical problems and advances in methodology; 2, utility of the data, i.e., its limitations and its predictive value; and , 3, groups or species where studies are needed or may be especially informative. While nuclear division studies by themselves may not solve the problem of evolution of the Heterobasidiomycetes, they hold promise as a part of the solution. .C. McMorris, Chemistry of Oogoniols, Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. Achlya contains many steroids including fucosterol, 24-methylene cholesterol and cholesterol. The major steroid fucosterol is the precursor of 33 antheridiol and deoxyantheridiol in female strains of Achlya and of oogoniols in male strains as well, of course, as hermaphroditic strains. At least eight oogoniols have been identified in culture liquids of Achlya heterosexualis. The steroids designated oogoniol -1, -2 and -3 are isobutyrate, propionate and acetate esters of the C3 hydroxyl of oogoniol. Each compound was originally thought to be pure but was later found to be a mixture with the dehydro analogue. Thus dehydrooogoniol is the 7-0x0-lla, 158, 29- trihydroxy derivative of fucosterol and retains the carbon skeleton of fucosterol. Biosynthetic evidence indicates that it is the precursor of oogoniol which is the C24(28) dihydro derivative. The former compound is about 100 times more active, biologically, than oogoniol and it may be the true femaleactivating hormone or pheromone in Achlya. The significance of esterification of the C3 hydroxyl leading to less polar steroids oogoniol-1 etc., is unclear since biological activity is not affected. R.J. MEYER, M. MOHAN, J.B. ANDERSON, and P.A. HORGEN Dept. Botany, Univ. Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6. Analysis of plasmids in Agaricus. Two plasmid-like DNA components are observed when total DNA from a strain of Agaricus bitorquis is subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. One is 4 kb in size; the other is 7.5 kb. The 7.5 kb component consists of two distinct plasmids; complete restrictions generate fragments that add up to 15 kb (Mohan et al. 1984. Current Genetics 8:615). Our goal is to clone each of the Agaricus plasmids in a bacterial plasmid vector for use in further studies. To date we have cloned several EcoRl restriction fragments of pEMl into pUC18 and used the recombinant plasmids as probes against mitochondrial and plasmid DNA preparations from various strains of - A. bitorquis and A. brunnescens.The data collected supports the earlier interpretation of Mohan et al. . ~estriction maps of pEMl and pEM2 have been constructed by analysis of partial restrictions. In spite of their different restriction sites, pEMl and pEM2 have some homology, at least under the stringency used thus far. No homology has been observed between one of the cloned fragments and mitochondrial DNA, which suggests that the plasmids are not simply fragments of the mitochondrial genome. No homology has been detected between one of the cloned fragments and other plasmids in different strainsof fi. bitorquis. Studies with other cloned fragments of pEkl and pEM2 will also be reported. ---- S. L. F. MEYER and M. C. HEATH. Botany Dept., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1Al. Comparison of chemically-induced and fungal-induced cell death in epidermal cells of cowpea. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine if stages occur during plant cell death that can be identified by light microscopy, 2) to see whether fungal-induced cell death includes stages similar to those that occur when cell death is caused by a nonliving agent, and 3) to correlate stages observed by light microscopy with ultrastructural features of the dying cells. The abiotic factor used to kill cells was copper chloride. The stages in the death process that it initiated in cowpea epidernal cells included slowing and cessation of cytoplasmic streaming, morphological changes in the cytoplasm such as the appearance of "bubbles", and shrinkage of protoplasts. The morphological
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1985 - Mycological Society of America

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