1985 - Mycological Society of America

the main reason for this mixture is the lack of any
great geographical barriers separating the different
zones. Six distributional patterns are exposed in
this study. Three might be considered as variations
on a single pattern of northward migration of
tropical species. A fourth pattern is the incursion
of temperate species into the subtropics, the fifth
is the cosmopolitan pattern; and, finally, the
irrational pattern. This last pattern is undoubtedly
a collection artifact, e.g., Dichopleuropus
spathulatus Corner was discovered in Malaysia and
is now known from its type locality and Lake George,
Florida only.
Imposed over these patterns are the least three
factors: (1) substrate requirements, (2) critical
temperature requirements for growth, and (3)
altitudinal variation. For the fungi these factors
are ill-understood.
Approximately 25-30 Basidiomycetes, and a few
Ascomycetes are shown as examples of these distribution
patterns. The Basidiomycete examples are drawn
mainly from thelephoroid and stereoid species, with
a few polyporaceous and tremellaceous fungi added to
demonstrate the wide applicability of the patterns.
K. WELLS. Department of Botany, University of
California, Davis, CA 95616. Inter- and intracollection
matings of several species of Exidiopsis
(Tremellaceae).
Intracollection crosses of single-spore isolates of
Exidiopsis plumbescens (Burt) Wells, E. diversa nom.
prov., E. paniculata E. prov., E. punicea x.
prov., E. calcea (Pers.) Wells, E. effusa (Bref. ex
Sacc.) A. Mbller, E. grisea (Pers.) Bourd. et L.
Maire, and an undesczbed species of Exodiopsis demonstrated
that all species are bifactorial. In approximately
50% of the mating~, hyphae with simple septa
and uninucleate hyphal segments developed from the
plugs taken from the contact zones (A=B= or A=Bf). In
approximately 25% of the matings, hyphae with false
clamps at most septa grew from the plugs. Such hyphae
usually had binucleate terminal segments and uninucleate
subterminal segments (A#=). In the remaining 25%
of the crosses, hyphae with true clamps and binucleate
hyphal segments grew from the plugs taken from the
contact zones ( AfBf) . Intercollect ion matings within
a species gave rise to hyphae with true clamps and
binucleate hyphal segments except in those cases
involving duplicate A or B factors. Plugs from the
contact zones of crosses between isolates from collections
of 2. plumbescens from Vancouver, B.C. south to
northern California and isolates from collections east
of Vancouver, B.C. and from northern Idaho usually
grew out into the two monokaryons and a narrow zone
between the monokaryons in which true clamp connections
were formed. Clamp connections were absent in
the contact zones of all interspecific crosses. The
morphology of the contact zones of the interspecific
crosses varied considerably.
E.G. WENE and A.A. ANTBNOPO1TLOS, Argonne National Laboratory,
Energy and Environmental Systems, 9700 South
Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439. Ethanol production by
Fusariwn oxyspom on D-xylose under aerobic condit
ions.
Xylose is a major component of monosaccharides in hydrolyzates
of lignocellulose. The efficient conversion
of xylose to ethanol is a major factor in determining
the economic feasibility of utilizing lignocelluloses
for ethanol production. Selected strains
of Fusariwn oqsporwn efficiently ferment D-xylose to
ethanol, with yields up to 85% of theoretical. Controlling
the dissolved oxygen concentration in liquid
cultures is necessary to maximize ethanol production
rates and efficiency. The effect of different aeration
rates and D-xylose concentrations on ethanol
productivity will be discussed,
Wene, E. G., see Antonopoulos, A. A.
Wheeler, K. A., see Pitt, J. I., et. al.
K. 0. WHITNEY and H. J. ARNOTT. Department of
Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington,
TX 76019. Calcium oxal ate crystal devel oprnent in
hyphae of Agaricus bi sporus.
Aerial hyphae of Agaricus bis orus grown in agar
culture produce abundant ca ?- cium oxalate crystals.
These deposits, when first formed, consist of
elongate, acicular, "raphide-1 ike" crystals that
ensheath the hypha, giving the elements of the aerial
mycelium a bottle-brush appearance. SEM examination
of the crystal-bearing hyphae reveals that the
crystals are arranged tangenti a1 1 y on the hyphal
surface. The crystals appear to originate within the
wall of the hyphae and increase in length as
additional calcium oxalate is added to the crystal
within the hyphal wall. Scanning electron micrographs
and energy-di spersive x-ray elemental analysis of
these crystal s will be presented.
ANlTMA WILFRED, L. FREDERICK, and W. LENA AUSTIN.
Hmd University, Washington, DC 20059 Nuclear
behavior during ascospomgenesis in a natural mutaht
of Neuxvspra dodgei, a hmthallic species.
A mutant strain of NeuroSpora dodgei that appem in
two corn ma1 amr culture plates is characterized by
the formtion of round, oval, or peanut pod-shw
ascospores that vary in nmber from 8 to 16 per ascus.
Asci in which spores of the mtant form are greatly
enlarged and are, in sm instances, branched. The
nuclear events that occur during the formation of
asci of the mtant have been studied with light
microscopy and canpared with those that occur in cultures
of the wild type. Single ascospow isolates
of the rmtant were used in the study. Nuclear events
follow the sam pattern in isolates of the mutant and
of the wild type through the first mitotic division.
In the ascus of the wild type, after the first mitot-
ic division, ascospores are delimited. In isolates
of the mtant a second mitotic division usually takes
place in the ascus prior to the delimitation of ascospores
and results in a 16-nucleated ascal stage.
Subsequently ascospore delimit at ion occurs and results
in the developrrent of 8 binucleate peanut podshaped
ascuspom, 16 round uninucleate ascospores ,
or a mixture of from 9 to 15 round, oval, or peanut
pod-shaped uninucleate or binucleate ascospo~s.
Following delimitation round or oval ascuspores be-
cane binucleate.
not noted to be-
Peanut pod-shaped ascospores were
quadrinucleate after delimitation.
Wilks, R. L., see Ross, I. K., et. al.
GEORGE J. WONG. Department of Botany, 3190 Maile
Way, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822.
Interfertility between Auricularia polytricha and
Auricularia t enuis.
Three collections of Auricularia were collected