Land Management Plan 2004 - 2050 Flinders University South ...

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Flinders University Land Management Plan Flinders University 2004 - 2050 South Australia Recommended Weed Control Techniques Prior to commencing any weed control, personnel with botanical knowledge should always evaluate the affected area, to ensure that appropriate weed control methods are used. This is to ensure that species which are difficult to identify or cryptic - such as some of the native grasses, lilies and other groundcovers - are not affected. The ultimate goal of weed control within the site is to allow the indigenous woodland vegetation associations to become re-established. This can be aided through the use minimal disturbance weed control methods in areas of moderate to high biodiversity value, which will encourage natural regeneration. There are a variety of weed control methods that can be utilised to effectively control the different weed species that occur within the Flinders University site. Weed control methods include cutting and swabbing, stump injection, drilling and filling, spot spraying and hand pulling. The technique for undertaking each method effectively and safely is detailed below: Cut and Swab • Cut off all stems as low as possible using a chainsaw or pruning saw, secateurs or long-handled loppers. The cut must be horizontal so that the herbicide rests on the cut area while being absorbed, rather than running down the side of the stem. • Stumps will be left in the ground so as to not disturb the soil and to help retain the soil in place i.e. reduce the likelihood of soil erosion. • Remove all stems from the stump, so that no active (or green) branches/shoots remain, no matter how small they are. • Liberally swab all cut surfaces immediately with the herbicide mixture. This must be done preferably within half a minute, or immediately if possible. The cut surface can not be allowed to dry out, otherwise the herbicide will be much less effective. Use a paintbrush, swabber or squeeze bottle (laboratory) to apply the herbicide mixture. Add a dye to the herbicide mixture that will help indicate where swabbing has already been done. • The herbicide mixture to be used when swabbing will be a Garlon: diesel mix at 1ml Garlon to 30ml diesel. • The tissues that take up and move the poison are immediately under the bark layer, so concentrate on applying the poison around the outer rim of the stump. • Follow up work may be required. If the stumps resprout which can be common with some species, then cut and swab or spray the new regrowth with the herbicide. • The most effective time of the year to cut and swab plants is when they are actively growing, which varies between species. Stump Injection • For large and medium sized trees and shrubs with a large stump or lignotuber the following “Stump Injection” method is recommended. It can be used in conjunction with the cut and swab method to get a higher dose of herbicide into the plant, and to get a more thorough application of herbicide. • After the plant has been cut and swabbed, make regular extra cuts into the remaining stump and any exposed roots with a hammer and chisel to expose the sapwood. Immediately fill chisel marks with the herbicide mixture in the squeeze bottle. This provides more surface area for the herbicide to penetrate, and ensures a good dose of herbicide. Glyphosate (75 – 100% concentration) is more suited to this method when the tree still has actively growing branches remaining. In the cut and swab method where all the actively growing branches have been removed, and the stump swabbed with Garlon and diesel, the same herbicide mix can be used for stump injection. This method used in conjunction with cut and swab should provide a much better kill rate when compared to the cut and swab method by itself. Drill and Fill • Drill a steeply angled hole into the plant's cambium layer (where sap flows just beneath the bark layer) with a cordless drill, using a 10mm drill bit. • The holes should be as close to the base of the plant as possible, and it is essential for the hole to be steeply angled into the cambium otherwise the herbicide will not be absorbed into the sap flow. • Immediately after the hole has been drilled, it should be filled with concentrated Glyphosate 500. Syringes (without the needle) or squeeze bottles can be used to administer the herbicide into the hole. • Holes are drilled every 2.5-5cm until the base of the plant has been circled. • Follow up work may be required. If the plant resprouts which can be common with some species, then the process needs to be repeated. Frilling Frilling is often used on large multi-stemmed trees such as olives. It can be used in conjunction with other methods such as drill and fill or cut and swab. Frilling is undertaken by deeply slashing the stems at an oblique angle particularly near the root stem junction. The cut surfaces are immediately (within 10 seconds) swabbed with herbicide mixture using a flat paint brush. All twigs and sprouts are removed from the base of the tree so that no green leaves remain. It is also advisable to remove soil from the base of the trunk to about 2-5 cm below ground level and deeply slash the stem at that level. Spraying • The most effective time of the year to spray is when the plant is actively growing. • Look for native plants and cover with plastic bags or sheeting while spraying. If there are too many native plants amongst the weeds then this method should not be used. • Always read the label on the herbicide container, follow the instructions and wear protective clothing. Dilute the mixture as recommended. Add a dye to the herbicide mixture that will help to indicate where spraying has already been done. • If spraying near creeks or other water bodies, do not spray herbicide in or near the water, because it can have a negative effect on aquatic fauna such as frogs. In such cases using Roundup Biactive or Weedmaster Duo is more desirable because it has less of an impact on the aquatic fauna. It is preferable to use other more accurate methods such as cutting and swabbing along creeklines. • Surfactants can also be used when spraying plants such as Bridal Creeper which have a waxy leaf surface. A surfactant (e.g. Pulse Penetrant) can be added to the herbicide mix which will increase the uptake of the poison through the waxy leaf surface. Surfactants should not be used on or near plants growing in water as they are suspected of affecting frogs. • Where weeds have narrow vertical leaves, spraying might result in herbicide running off or drifting onto nontarget plants. In this situation, wipe on the herbicide mixture with a weed wand, sponge or wick applicator. • To increase the effectiveness of the herbicide whilst spraying large tussocks of grass, the grass can be slashed and then left to re-grow for several weeks. The regrowth can then be sprayed. Hand Pulling • Hand pulling of smaller plants is easiest in the wetter months of the year when the soil is soft and the seedlings are much easier to pull out. • Seedlings: take hold of the plant at ground level and pull. If you pull at any point higher on the stem it may break and the plant will then require swabbing with herbicide. • Small woody plants: Take hold of the stem at ground level and gently rock the plant back and forth until it comes away cleanly. • For species that have a bulb, such as sparaxis or watsonia, a screw driver can be used to gently lift the bulb out of the ground. • If possible place both feet or fingers on either side of the plant when pulling out. This helps to keep the soil in place and avoids unnecessary disturbance of the soil.
Flinders University Land Management Plan Flinders University 2004 - 2050 South Australia Revegetation List for Flinders University Local indigenous plant species that could be utilised in revegetation projects at Flinders University Creekline areas - Eucalyptus camaldulensis Woodland vegetation association Family Scientific name Common name Conservation rating AUS SA SL LEGUMINOSAE Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle LEGUMINOSAE Acacia retinodes var. retinodes Swamp Wattle (swamp form) CYPERACEAE Baumea juncea Bare Twig-rush PITTOSPORACEAE Bursaria spinosa Christmas Bush MYRTACEAE Callistemon sieberi River Bottlebrush U CUPRESSACEAE Callitris preissii Native Pine CYPERACEAE Carex appressa Tall Sedge CYPERACEAE Carex bichenoviana Notched Sedge U CYPERACEAE Carex breviculmis Short-stem Sedge CYPERACEAE Cyperus gymnocaulos Spiny Flat-sedge CYPERACEAE Cyperus tenellus Tiny Flat-sedge CYPERACEAE Cyperus vaginatus Stiff Flat-sedge LILIACEAE Dianella revoluta var. revoluta Black-anther Flax-lily SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea viscosa ssp. spatulata Sticky Hop-bush MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. River Red Gum camaldulensis LEGUMINOSAE Hardenbergia violacea Native Lilac JUNCACEAE Juncus kraussii Sea Rush JUNCACEAE Juncus pallidus Pale Rush JUNCACEAE Juncus subsecundus Finger Rush LEGUMINOSAE Kennedia prostrata Running Postman U MALVACEAE Lavatera plebeia Australian Hollyhock U MYRTACEAE Leptospermum lanigerum Silky Tea-tree U MYRTACEAE Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-tree MYRTACEAE Melaleuca decussata Totem-poles GRAMINEAE Poa labillardieri var. labillardieri Common Tussock-grass GOODENIACEAE Scaevola albida Pale Fanflower CYPERACEAE Schoenus apogon Common Bog-rush Majority of site - Eucalyptus microcarpa Woodland Vegetation Association Family Scientific name Common name Conservation rating AUS SA SL LEGUMINOSAE Acacia acinacea Gold Dust Wattle LEGUMINOSAE Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo Thorn LEGUMINOSAE Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina muelleriana Slaty Oak-bush CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak GRAMINEAE Aristida behriana Brush Wire-grass U GRAMINEAE Austrostipa nodosa Tall Spear-grass GRAMINEAE Austrostipa curticoma Short-crest Spear-grass PITTOSPORACEAE Bursaria spinosa Christmas Bush CUPRESSACEAE Callitris preissii Native Pine GRAMINEAE Danthonia caespitosa Wallaby grass LILIACEAE Dianella revoluta var. revoluta Black-anther Flax-lily SAPINDACEAE Dodonaea viscosa ssp. spatulata Sticky Hop-bush MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey Box U LEGUMINOSAE Hardenbergia violacea Native Lilac LEGUMINOSAE Kennedia prostrata Running Postman U LILIACEAE Lomandra densiflora Soft Tussock Mat-rush U LILIACEAE Lomandra multiflora ssp. dura Hard Mat-rush COMPOSITAE Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy-bush U PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. Native Apricot R microcarpa GRAMINEAE Poa labillardieri var. labillardieri Common Tussock-grass LEGUMINOSAE Pultenaea largiflorens Twiggy Bush-pea GOODENIACEAE Scaevola albida Pale Fanflower GRAMINEAE Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass COMPOSITAE Vittadinia blackii Narrow-leaf New Holland Daisy
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Flinders University Land Management
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