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7 SMALL-SCALE TRANSSHIPMENT TECHNOLOGY IN INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................... 150 7.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR SMALL-SCALE TRANSSHIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES....................................... 151 7.1.1 System requirements............................................................................................... 152 7.1.2 Functional requirements .......................................................................................... 153 7.2 WHICH NEW TRANSSHIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES ARE SUITABLE FOR SMALL-SCALE OPERATIONS? . 155 7.2.1 Define the conditions of the evaluation situation...................................................... 156 7.2.2 Make lists of demands and criteria .......................................................................... 157 7.2.3 List the alternative solutions .................................................................................... 158 7.2.4 Weight the criteria against each other ..................................................................... 161 7.2.5 Evaluate the alternatives according to the defined criteria....................................... 161 7.2.6 Final evaluation and decision .................................................................................. 163 7.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION................................................................................... 163 8 A PARTICULAR SMALL-SCALE CONCEPT........................................................................... 167 8.1 THE LIGHT-COMBI CONCEPT .................................................................................................. 167 8.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 170 8.3 AN IMPLEMENTATION SCENARIO............................................................................................. 172 8.3.1 Customer pilot: “Dalkullan”....................................................................................... 173 8.3.2 Starting with closed loops........................................................................................ 175 8.3.3 Establishing a basic network ................................................................................... 176 8.3.4 Extending the basic network.................................................................................... 178 8.3.5 Connecting Light-combi to conventional intermodal transport.................................. 179 8.3.6 Exporting the concept.............................................................................................. 183 8.4 WHAT TO LEARN FROM THE LIGHT-COMBI PROJECT?............................................................... 184 8.4.1 Light-combi – a technical system, a network or a chain?......................................... 184 8.4.2 How does Light-combi comply with the requirements for small-scale intermodal transport?............................................................................................................................. 185 8.4.3 How are barrier effects treated? .............................................................................. 186 8.5 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... 187 9 A CONCLUDING SCENARIO ................................................................................................... 188 9.1 A SCENARIO FOR FUTURE EUROPEAN INTERMODALISM............................................................ 188 9.1.1 Long and heavy direct trains for large flows............................................................. 189 9.1.2 Corridor trains crossing Europe ............................................................................... 190 9.1.3 Regional solutions for the short, small and dispersed flows..................................... 192 9.1.4 Ro-Ro services for overcoming geographical and infrastructural hurdles ............... 194 9.1.5 Summary of the scenario......................................................................................... 195 9.2 ARE THERE PROSPECTS FOR THE SCENARIO?......................................................................... 196 viii
9.2.1 Transport policy and market conditions ................................................................... 197 9.2.2 Who is likely to take the initiative? ........................................................................... 200 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................ 204 PUBLISHED REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 204 OTHER REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 220 Brochures, newsletters, blue prints, other marketing material and annual reports: ............... 220 World Wide Web sites and CD ROMs: ................................................................................. 220 Interviews and oral presentations:........................................................................................ 221 Letters, faxes, E-mail messages and personal notes: .......................................................... 221 APPENDIX A: ....INTERMODAL TRANSSHIPMENT TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED IN EUROPE APPENDIX B: THE WEIGHT CRITERION METHOD DEFINE THE CONDITIONS OF THE EVALUATION SITUATION MAKE LISTS OF DEMANDS AND CRITERIA LIST THE ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS WEIGHT THE CRITERIA AGAINST EACH OTHER EVALUATE THE ALTERNATIVES ACCORDING TO THE DEFINED CRITERIA FINAL EVALUATION AND DECISION ix
Page 3 and 4: Doctoral thesis for the degree of D
Page 5 and 6: DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE INTERMOD
Page 7: DISSERTATION This dissertation - De
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a lot of
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................
Page 15: 5 RESOURCES IN INTERMODAL TRANSPORT
Page 20 and 21: FIGURE 5-2 THE INTERMDODAL RAILWAY
Page 22 and 23: xiv
Page 25 and 26: 1 INTRODUCTION This main document (
Page 27 and 28: Container Swap body Semi-trailer Fi
Page 29 and 30: shipment terminals. The aim is to a
Page 31 and 32: in a general systems theory context
Page 33 and 34: Europe. …and from the supply part
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1-6 German piggyback-transpo
Page 37 and 38: prioritised their single-mode opera
Page 39 and 40: thesis, p. 16). With overnight rail
Page 41 and 42: transport since forwarders and haul
Page 43 and 44: The competitiveness of intermodal t
Page 45 and 46: the dissertation indicate that a sy
Page 47 and 48: The ultimate empirical purpose is t
Page 49 and 50: is judged according to the ideals o
Page 51 and 52: economist, his and RUTTEN’s resea
Page 53 and 54: The wide variety of purposes and or
Page 55 and 56: 1 The goods shall be transported in
Page 57 and 58: the consignor to the consignee, e.g
Page 59 and 60: lunt at low system levels. The chap
Page 61 and 62: 1.6.3 Writing style The text is wri
Page 63: 1.6.5 Reading suggestions A fellow
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other phenomena. In order to achiev
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“... in spite of obvious limitati
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“The application of scientific an
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goal-attainment as the leading star
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Environment Resources Components Ma
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hence similar to the approach appli
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industrial markets contrary to most
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In the licentiate thesis, with its
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The roles of the actors in a distri
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addition to the recognition of comp
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3 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Systems (2
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TURTON, 1995) or a rather practical
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Traffic, finally, is the movement o
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MANHEIM then defines a transportati
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whether their main orientation is t
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oped into national monopoly network
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confusion has been added by blunt m
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If one of the perspectives would ha
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4.1 THE TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE Viewi
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Figure 4-1 JENSEN’s intermodal tr
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ut through negotiations and by foll
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Infrastructure Consignor Haulier La
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4.2.1 A model of network operation
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When fixed routes are used, the ope
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4.2.3 The network approach applied
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ased upon tables was also used in a
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Along with the old concessions and
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5 RESOURCES IN INTERMODAL TRANSPORT
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The level of analysis applied here
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maximum weights and dimensions allo
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Slow legislative adaptation Despite
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terms of dimensions and positions o
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to invest in equipment and infrastr
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(SONDERMANN, 1997, p. 4). The core
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according to single-mode optimisati
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when the Stork Alpha engineering gr
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industries in the Ruhr area through
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called and conventional cranes made
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A good example of how to use an int
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time. However, an example of a vigo
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6 TRANSSHIPMENT TECHNOLOGY IN INTER
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Geographical and infrastructural fa
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tem resources. Some bimodal technol
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6.1.5 Terminals for flexible routes
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the general lists of functional req
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Europe. The gateway role has led to
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comprise 30-40 terminals covering m
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The high population density and con
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hauliers are famous for being cheap
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6.2.9 France The French rail networ
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In summary, the conditions for Swit
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Transportation has a long tradition
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Moreover, the European Commission s
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ecome a serious complement to the l
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each network module and each termin
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tent - found in a conservative busi
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vehicles. Finally, in order to enha
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• meeting the new demand for high
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Table 7-1 Violation of demands thus
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7.2.4 Weight the criteria against e
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Note that it is the ki*fulfilment p
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From the sorted table, it is clear
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8 A PARTICULAR SMALL-SCALE CONCEPT
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ated by the SJ subsidiary Rail Comb
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termodal transport over short and m
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8.3.1 Customer pilot: “Dalkullan
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Customer pilot “Dalkullan” Acto
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Figure 8-5 An impression of how a C
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Figure 8-8 Short-coupled, lightweig
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Heavy-combi terminal Light-combi te
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Connecting Scandinavian and Contine
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The first implementation phases reg
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through the successive extension of
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can compete for short-distance tran
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Trains call at terminals approximat
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Iberian Peninsula (ibid., p. 1). Fu
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could be regarded as surrender to s
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layer have a long history and after
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gional levels that effort must be s
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domestic intermodal experiences in
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over short distances. If the projec
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BJÖRKMAN, J. (1992) Fordonslängde
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CASTI, J. L. (1994) Complexificatio
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European Commission (1995/b) The Tr
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HELMROTH, M. (1993) Brytpunktsdistr
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MANHEIM, M. L. (1979) Fundamentals
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SCHREYER, R. (1996) Beiträge zu ei
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The Official Journal (1991) Council
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WOXENIUS, J., LUMSDEN, K. R. (1996/
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US Department of Transportation (8
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AUTHOR INDEX In the main text, refe
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APPENDIX A: INTERMODAL TRANSSHIPMEN
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APPENDIX B: THE WEIGHT CRITERION ME
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Table AB-2 Evaluation matrix, examp
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