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Overview of bioengineering and hydrocephalus: 50 years in 30 ...

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Obstruction: status <strong>and</strong> needs<br />

• Proximal catheter obstruction (60%)<br />

• Coat<strong>in</strong>gs: no proven solutions yet, but promis<strong>in</strong>g<br />

• Active methods: <strong>in</strong>trigu<strong>in</strong>g but research stage<br />

• Better CSF control may reduce failure (OSV)<br />

• Valve obstruction (<strong>30</strong>%)<br />

• Possible issues with ih valve designs: complex flow<br />

path, small gaps, CSF contacts <strong>in</strong>tricate parts<br />

• Little‐to‐no activity to reduce valve obstruction<br />

• Need <strong>in</strong> vitro biological models to evaluate<br />

new obstruction‐prevention bt ti ti methods

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