First Assessment Report - IPCC

130 Validation of Climate Models 4
Schlesinger M E , W L Gates, and Y -J Han, 1985 The role
of the ocean in carbon-dioxide induced climate warming
Preliminary results from the OSU coupled atmosphere ocean
model In Coupled Ocean Aimospheie Models,] C J
Nihoul (ed ), Elsevier, 447 478
Schutz, C and W L Gates, 1971 Global climatic data for
surface, 800 mb, 400 mb January Rand, Santa Monica, R
915-ARPA, 173 pp
Schut/, C and W L Gates, 1972 Global climatic data for
surface, 800 mb, 400 mb July Rand, Santa Monica, R 1029
ARPA, 180pp
Semtner, A J , and R Chervin, 1988 A simulation ot the global
ocean circulation with resolved eddies / Geoplns Res , 93,
15, 502-15, 522
Shukia, J , and Y Mintz, 1982 Influence of land surface
evapotranspiration on the Earth's climate Science, 215, 1498
1501
Slingo, A and D W Pearson, 1987 A comparison of the impact
of an envelope orography and of a parameterization of
orographic gravity wave drag on model simulations Quait J
R Meteoi Soc , 113, 847 870
Spelman. M J , and S Manabe, 1985 Influence of oceanic heat
transport upon the sensitivity of a model climate J Geophys
Res ,89 571 586
Sperber, K R , S Hameed, W L Gates, and G L Potter, 1987
Southern Oscillation simulated in a global climate model
Nairn e 329 140 142
Stouffer, R J , S Manabe, and K Bryan, 1989 Interhemisphenc
asymmetry in climate response to a gradual increase of
atmospncric CO? Natm e, 342, 660-662
Straus D M and J Shukia, 1988 A comparison of a GCM
simulation ot the seasonal cycle of the atmosphere with
observations Aimos Ocean, 26, 541 604
Sud Y C and M Fennessy 1982 A study of the influence of
surface albedo on July circulation in semi and regions using
the GLAS GCM / Clim , 2, 105-125
Tibaldi S , T Palmer, C Brankovic, and U Cubasch, 1989
Extended-range predictions with ECMWF models II Influence
of horizontal resolution on systematic error and forecast skill
rCMWF rec lime al Memoi andum , No.152, 39 pp
Foggweiler J R K Dixon and K Bryan, 1989 Simulations of
radiocarbon in a coarse-resolution world ocean model, 2
Distributions of bomb-produced carbon 14 J Geoplns Res,
94 8243 8264
Trenberth, KE and J G Olson 1988 ECMWF global analyses
1979-86 Circulation statistics and data evalation NCAR
Technical Note NCAR/TN 300+STR, 94pp plus 12 fiche
Vinniko\ K Ya and I B Yeserkepova, 1990 Soil moisture
empirical data and model results (submitted for publication)
Wallace J M . and Gutzler D S 1981 Teleconnections in the
geopotential height field during the northern hemisphere
winter Mem Wea Re\ ,109,784-812
Washington W M and G A Meehl, 1989 Climate sensitivity
due to increased CO2 Experiments with a coupled atmosphere
and ocean general circulation model Clim D\n , 4 1-38
WGPsE 1988 Proceedings of the Workshop on Systematic
Errors in Models ot the Atmosphere Toronto, 19-23 September
1988 CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical
Experimentation WNN/TD No 2 & 3, 382 pp
Wigley, T M L , and B D Santer, 1990 Statistical comparison
of spatial fields in model validation, perturbation and
predictability experiments J Geophys Res (in press)
Wilson, C A, and J F B Mitchell, 1987 Simulated climate and
CO2 induced climate change over western Europe Climatic
Change, 10, 11-42
WMO, 1986 Workshop on Comparison of Simulations by
Numerical Models of the Sensitivity of the Atmospheric
Circulation to Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
WMO/TD-No 138, WCP-121, World Meteorological
Organization, Geneva, 188 pp
WMO, 1988 Modelling the Sensitivity and Variations of the
Ocean-Atmosphere System WMO/TD-No 254, WCRP-15,
World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 289 pp
Yeh, T C , S Y Tao and M C Li, 1959 The abrupt change of
circulation over the Northern Hemisphere during June and
October In The Atmosphei e and the Sea in Motion, 249-267
Zeng, Qing-cun et al , 1988 Numerical simulation of monsoon
and the abrupt change in atmospheric general circulation
Chinese Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Special Issue.