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The expression of modality in Korean - Institut für ...

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2.3.1.1. Indicative 43<br />

2.3.1.1.1. Upward formal speech level 44<br />

2.3.1.1.2. Medial formal speech level 45<br />

2.3.1.1.3. Downward formal speech level 46<br />

2.3.1.1.4. Neutral speech level 47<br />

2.3.1.1.5. Upward <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 49<br />

2.3.1.1.6. Medial <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 52<br />

2.3.1.1.7. Downward <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 54<br />

2.3.2. Imperative moods 55<br />

2.3.2.1. Imperative 55<br />

2.3.2.1.1. Upward formal speech level 58<br />

2.3.2.1.2. Medial formal speech level 59<br />

2.3.2.1.3. Downward formal speech level 61<br />

2.3.2.1.4. Neutral speech level 62<br />

2.3.2.1.5. Upward <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 64<br />

2.3.2.1.6. Medial <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 65<br />

2.3.2.1.7. Downward <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 66<br />

2.3.2.2. Hortative 69<br />

2.3.2.2.1. Upward formal speech level 70<br />

2.3.2.2.2. Medial formal speech level 73<br />

2.3.2.2.3. Downward formal speech level 74<br />

2.3.2.2.4. Neutral speech level 75<br />

2.3.2.2.5. Upward <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 77<br />

2.3.2.2.6. Medial <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 78<br />

2.3.2.2.7. Downward <strong>in</strong>formal speech level 80<br />

2.4. Conclusions 80<br />

2.4.1. Systematic and functional aspects 81<br />

2.4.2. Formal aspects 83<br />

Chapter 3 Modal <strong>expression</strong>s 91<br />

3.1. <strong>The</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> modal <strong>expression</strong>s 91<br />

3.2. Deontic <strong>modality</strong> 94<br />

3.2.1. Deontic possibility 94<br />

3.2.2. Deontic necessity 102<br />

3.2.3. Inventory 117<br />

3.3. Epistemic <strong>modality</strong> 128<br />

3.3.1. Epistemic possibility 128<br />

3.3.2. Epistemic necessity 138<br />

3.3.3. Inventory 149

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