SAC Publication Digest - May 2005 - Justice Research and Statistics ...

JUSTICE RESEARCH AND STATISTICS ASSOCIATION 

SAC PUBLICATION DIGEST 

MAY 2005 

T 

his Digest contains abstracts of state Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) reports 

published in 2004, including reports produced for the SACs by outside authors 

or organizations. The SACs are state agencies that collect, analyze, and disseminate 

justice data, and these reports cover a wide array of topics and analysis approaches 

for criminal justice data at the state level. The Justice Research and Statistics 

Association, whose core members are the SACs, prepared this Digest. 

Many of these reports can be accessed by clicking on the title. For reports not 

available electronically, please contact the SAC directly. SAC contact information is 

available at www.jrsa.org. For reports prior to 2004, see the Infobase of State 

Activities and Research. 

Entries in this Digest are arranged alphabetically by state under the following 

topic areas. Click on the topic to go directly to that section. 

• Corrections 

• Courts 

• Crime Statistics 

• Domestic Violence 

• Drugs 

• Female Offenders 

• Firearms 

• Homicide 

• Information Systems 

• Juvenile Justice 

• Law Enforcement 

• Miscellaneous 

• Rape/Sexual Assault 

• Sex Offenders 

• Victims/Victimization 

• Violent Crime/Offenders

CORRECTIONS 

DELAWARE 

2000 DELAWARE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION INCARCERATION FACT BOOK 

John O’Connell, Charles Huenke Jr., and Kara Wrede 

January 2004, 112 pp. 

This publication presents information on the correctional population of Delaware and the 

movement of offenders through the system. The report includes information on offender 

demographics, crime type, admission counts, release counts, snapshot populations, 

incarceration status and level, and length of stay. 

CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT IN DELAWARE: STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS 

Delaware Statistical Analysis Center and Elizabeth Peyton 

June 2004, 76 pp. 

This report provides a description of treatment programs in Delaware, issues and trends related 

to correctional treatment, an analysis of Delaware’s treatment system as compared to best 

practices, an analysis of placement issues, results from a survey regarding sentencing practices, 

and recommendations for system improvement. A sample of offenders sentenced in Superior 

Court during November and December 2001 with a condition for participation in residential 

treatment was used to analyze placement issues. The sample cases were tracked to determine 

whether the offender was placed in the ordered treatment program, time to admission, and 

whether an alternative placement was arranged. To examine sentencing practices, a survey was 

distributed to judges in Family Court, Superior Court, and the Court of Common Pleas that 

asked about their practices, attitudes, and opinions related to offender treatment. Judges’ 

sentencing practices were influenced by the availability of programs and whether or not the 

offender was a substance abuser. 

OPERATION SAFE STREETS/GOVERNOR’S TASK FORCE REVIEW AND IMPACT 

Delaware Statistical Analysis Center 

December 2004, 39 pp. 

This report examines various aspects of Operation Safe Streets-Governor’s Task Force (OSS- 

GTF), including profiles of probationers, field activities of the task force team, and the impact on 

arrest, detention, sentence length, and incarceration of offenders. OSS-GTF is a law 

enforcement, probation, and court initiative that targets high-risk offenders to ensure that they 

comply with their curfew as well as other conditions of probation. A sample was created using 

the Department of Correction’s parole and probation case files database and probation officer 

contact forms. The sample was divided according to those who complied with curfew, those 

who were in noncompliance of their curfew, and those who were arrested for reasons other 

than missing curfew. Any probationers in this sample who were arrested were then tracked to 

determine length of detention and sentence received. 

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ILLINOIS 

IMPETUS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SHERIDAN CORRECTIONAL CENTER 

THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY 

David E. Olson, Rebecca Juergens, and Steven P. Karr 

October 2004, 12 pp. 

This article describes the Sheridan Correctional Center Therapeutic Community and discusses 

its design, implementation, and operation, as well as the characteristics of the nearly 900 

participants at the correctional center as of June 30, 2004. The various stages of development are 

presented, and aspects of the design are discussed, including the Sheridan process, target 

population, identifying and enrolling participants, staffing, and service providers. Participant 

views of the program taken from a survey of participants conducted as part of a program 

evaluation are also provided. 

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GANG MEMBERSHIP AND INMATE RECIDIVISM 

David Olson, Brendan Dooley, and Candice Kane 

May 2004, 12 pp. 

This study examines recidivism among gang members released from Illinois prisons. 

Recidivism was measured using rearrest and reincarceration rates and patterns. Data were 

obtained on every adult released from prison in November of 2000, and included demographic 

information as well as whether the inmate was considered an active gang member. Twenty-six 

percent of the sample was current/active gang members. Criminal history records were 

obtained for that group, along with any details relating to arrests between their release date and 

January 2003. Gang members were also compared to nongang members in terms of the nature 

and extent of rearrest and reincarceration, such as time to arrest and offense type. Findings 

indicated that gang members were more likely to get arrested at least once after release than 

nongang members and be arrested more often for drug and violent crimes. Comparing criminal 

histories showed that a higher percentage of gang members had been in prison previously. 

Policy implications and recommendations are also provided. 

IOWA 

IOWA PRISON POPULATION FORECAST: FY2004-2014 

Paul Stageberg, Laura Roeder-Grubb, and Bonnie S. Wilson 


This report presents short- and long-term forecasts of Iowa’s prison population. The prison 

population forecasting model used by Iowa includes three basic projection components: prison 

admissions, average length of stay, and projected releases of offender incarcerated at the onset 

of the projection period. The study concludes that by June 30, 2006, Iowa’s prison population is 

expected to exceed official capacity by about 29%. The prison population is expected to increase 

by about 22% from 2004 to 2014. The report discusses factors reducing prison growth, factors 

continuing prison growth, opportunities for change, and the changing face of Iowa’s prison 

population. 

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NORTH CAROLINA 

RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF DETENTION FACILITY PERSONNEL 

North Carolina Criminal Justice Analysis Center 

Winter 2004, 10 pp. 

This report discusses recruitment and retention of adult detention facility personnel in North 

Carolina during 2001-2002. A survey was sent to detention facility administrators to gather 

information on the process for their own recruitment as well as current recruitment and 

retention techniques and perceptions of their effectiveness. In addition, respondents provided 

information on applicants, gave suggestions for improving recruitment and retention, and 

noted reasons for departure. Finally, statistics on turnover and vacant positions were provided. 

Key results and recommendations included: recruitment efforts need to be intensified; salary 

issues affect recruitment and retention, but increased salary and other techniques should be 

considered; 21 months is the average length of stay; and the quality of applicants is problematic. 

WEST VIRGINIA 

CORRECTIONAL POPULATION FORECAST – 2003 UPDATE 

Theresa K. Lester and Stephen M. Haas 

March 2004, 46 pp. 

This report provides an update regarding the performance of the prison population forecast 

conducted in 2002. The report finds that the current prison population is 3.4% less than the most 

recent forecast estimates. Given current trends, the state prison population is forecasted to grow 

to 5,853 inmates in 2007. The report also provides information about admissions and sentences 

by offense category. 

COURTS 

ARIZONA 

FILL THE GAP: FISCAL YEAR 2003 

Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 

March 2004, 27 pp. 

Arizona’s Fill the Gap effort provides funding for prosecutors, public defenders, courts, and the 

Attorney General to enhance felony case processing in the state’s 15 Superior Court branches. 

The report presents data showing progress made in achieving the goal of improving criminal 

case processing, and documents the expenditure of funds for aid to county attorneys and 

indigent defense. The report finds that funds were used primarily for the addition or 

maintenance of staff, for consultants and contractors to meet mandates, and for equipment and 

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the purchase of case management systems. In the county attorney and indigent defense offices 

that were able to provide data, some improvement in criminal case processing was seen. 

DELAWARE 

ANALYSIS OF THE BYRNE GRANT PILOT PROGRAM TO IMPROVE DISPOSITION TIME 

IN A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE COURT 

Charles J. Huenke, John P. O’Connell, and Kara W. Wrede 

February 2004, 13 pp. 

This report presents results of an analysis of the Byrne Grant Pilot Program to improve 

disposition times in a Justice of the Peace Court. The pilot program sought to replicate the 

adversarial process (city solicitors, state prosecutors, and public defenders) that exists in Courts 

of Common Pleas, the lower court, thus reducing the number of cases transferred to the higher 

court. The study examined the number of cases disposed in both courts, as well as case 

processing times for the 10 months prior to the pilot program’s implementation and the first 20 

months of its operation. The results show a substantial increase in the number and percentage 

of cases retained in the Justice of the Peace Court for final disposition. There also appeared to be 

a considerable decrease in case processing time associated with the program. The report 

concludes that the program appears to offer potential for statewide improvement if expanded to 

other justice of the peace courts. 

OHIO 

A CASE STUDY OF THE AKRON MENTAL HEALTH COURT 

Lisa Contos Shoaf 

2004, 18 pp. 

This study examines the structure and function of the mental health court in Akron, Ohio. It 

focuses on how the court was initiated, what agencies and individuals are part of everyday 

operation, how collaborations are formed and maintained, and how the court serves the needs 

of clients. Many individuals from the court system are involved in the mental health court 

operations, such as the judge, attorneys, and probation officers, as well as treatment providers, 

such as community living specialists, court liaisons, and vocational specialists. The court has 

encountered obstacles to providing sufficient services to clients caused mostly by a lack of 

resources in the mental health system. Court team members felt that the court works due to the 

sanctions and rewards system, a good probation department, buy-in of the concept from all 

agencies involved, a devoted judge, and acceptance of more responsibility by the mental health 

system, among other things. 

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OKLAHOMA 

RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE LEGISLATURE ABOUT FELONY SENTENCING 

Oklahoma Sentencing Commission 


This report summarizes findings and recommendations of the Oklahoma Sentencing 

Commission to the Legislature regarding felony sentencing. The report includes findings and 

recommendations in six areas: strategies to broaden the use of probation sentences, drug 

sentence modifications, other sentencing modifications, ensuring post-release supervision of sex 

offenders, modifying the Governor’s parole authority, and increasing the utilization of jail 

sentences for felons. 

PENNSYLVANIA 

AN EVALUATION OF VIDEO PRELIMINARY ARRAIGNMENT SYSTEMS IN PENNSYLVANIA 

Karen Shastri and Holly Wald 

Fall 2004, 80 pp. 

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of videoconferencing technology for 

preliminary arraignments and to provide recommendations for expanding its use across 

Pennsylvania. The study focuses on the extent to which video arraignments are being 

conducted, factors that influence use, cost, strengths/weaknesses, and support for expanding 

technology use. A mail survey was sent to police and district attorney’s office representatives to 

determine how widely videoconferencing was being used. Site visits were made to jurisdictions 

that use video arraignments, and a cost survey was used to determine the strengths and 

weaknesses of the technology. It was found that the majority of counties using 

videoconferencing have been using it for two years or less. The majority do not use it on a full 

time basis; many use it on nights and weekends only. Costs were reported to be lower for using 

videoconferencing than for face-to-face arraignments, and videoconferencing decreased the 

security risk for police and other detainees. 

CRIME STATISTICS 

ALABAMA 

2003 CRIME IN ALABAMA 

Alabama Criminal Justice Information Center 

March 2004, 131 pp. 

The 2003 Crime in Alabama report is the 28th annual report published by the Alabama Criminal 

Justice Information Center (ACJIC). The report concentrates on the major index offenses 

reported to the Uniform Crime Reporting program (UCR) by the state's law enforcement 

agencies for calendar year 2003. The crime statistics presented in this report are compiled for the 

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state, sheriffs’ offices, municipal police departments and campus police. In 2003, approximately 

300 agencies reported known offenses to Alabama's UCR; 99% of Alabama's law enforcement 

agencies submitted Incident Reports and 1% returned UCR Summaries. 

ARIZONA 

ARIZONA AUTO THEFT STUDY 



This study comprehensively reviews motor vehicle theft in Arizona, the effects of motor vehicle 

theft on victims, and other conditions that develop because of this type of crime. Offenderrelated 

data, cost data, case studies, motor vehicle legislation, and prosecution and law 

enforcement survey and interview results relating to motor vehicle theft are discussed. 

Prevention and law enforcement strategies designed to address the problem are reviewed and 

the approaches successful in Arizona and elsewhere are presented. In addition, related 

problems such as carjackings are discussed and information from a large urban area follow-up 

study is provided. 

CALIFORNIA 

ANTI-REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS CRIMES IN CALIFORNIA, 2003 

California Criminal Justice Statistics Center 

2004, 30 pp. 

This report defines and discusses anti-reproductive rights crimes for California. Data submitted 

to the Department of Justice (DOJ) by California law enforcement agencies for 2003 include a 

spreadsheet for evaluating each anti-reproductive rights crime and tables to organize and 

quantify the data. The report includes a copy of the anti-reproductive rights crimes legislation, a 

copy of the summary worksheet, and a copy of the data collection worksheet used to document 

specific anti-reproductive rights crimes information. The report also highlights selected findings 

for 2003, which is the first year data have been reported to DOJ for this type of offense. 

CRIME IN CALIFORNIA 2003 

California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center 

2004, 7 pp. 

This report presents 2003 statistics and trends in California in the areas of crime and arrests. It 

also gives information about adult felony arrest dispositions, adult corrections, criminal justice 

expenditures and personnel, citizens’ complaints against peace officers, and domestic violence. 

The report contains data tables and various appendixes. Among the findings were that the rate 

of violent crime offenses decreased by 3.4% from 2002 to 2003 and the rate for property crime 

offenses increased by 2.0% during that time. 

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HATE CRIME IN CALIFORNIA 

Criminal Justice Statistics Center 

2004, 7 pp. 

This report presents 2003 hate crime data for California. Various hate crime data tables and 

other crime and prosecutorial data are presented along with trend data for years 1995-2003. 

Highlights include data showing decreases in the categories of hate crime events and offenses, 

number of victims and known suspects, and bias-motivated crime events. Statistics relating to 

decreases in violent crime are also presented. Increases in property crime and increases in the 

number of complaints filed as hate crimes are provided. Hate crime offense trend data for the 

categories of race/ethnicity/national origin, anti-black, anti-male homosexual, and 

destruction/vandalism are also presented. 

DELAWARE 

CRIME IN DELAWARE 2002 

Brie Gannon, Richard Harris, Barbara Hicklin, and John O’Connell 


This report provides statistical information on crime in Delaware including Part 1 violent crime, 

Part 1 property crime, juvenile crime, arrests and clearances, illicit drug crime, police activity, 

crime activity by jurisdictions, and crime maps. 

FLORIDA 

INDEX CRIME TRENDS, 1996 – 2003 

Florida Statistical Analysis Center 

Summer 2004, 2 pp. 

In recent years Florida has experienced significant decreases in both the number and rate of 

index crimes. This edition of the SAC Notes presents in tabular and graphical formats the 

numbers, rates, and multiyear trends of all index offenses. The format was originally designed 

as an in-house reference and is being offered as a quick guide to index crime in Florida. 

HAWAII 

CRIME IN HAWAII 2003: A REVIEW OF UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS 

Genbao Gao and Paul Perrone 

July 2004, 173 pp. 

The statistics in this report were produced from the operations of Hawaii’s four county police 

departments. Among the findings was that Hawaii’s index crime rate decreased 8.9% from the 

rate reported for 2002. A total of 69,267 index crimes were reported across the state in 2003. The 

report provides offenses statistics for the entire state, and for each of the four counties. 

Appendixes include definitions, Part II offenses, police statistics, and population estimates. 

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EFFECTS OF TOURISM ON RATES OF SERIOUS CRIME IN HAWAII 

John M. Knox & Associates, Inc. 

April 2004, 57 pp. 

This study examines the link between tourism and UCR Part I crimes in Hawaii. The analysis 

consisted of looking at serious crime trends in four counties and comparing the trends to 

changes in visitors as a percentage of the overall population from 1975 to 2002. A negative 

relationship was found between tourism rates and crime rates. 

HATE CRIMES IN HAWAII 

Hawaii Crime Prevention and Justice Assistance Division 

April 2004, 4 pp. 

Hate crime statistics in Hawaii for 2003 are presented. A definition for hate crime as defined for 

the state of Hawaii is provided. A list of 14 key characteristics that must be present when 

determining a hate crime has occurred is also provided. The benefits of Hawaii's prosecutionbased 

hate crime statistics reporting program are discussed. In addition, a description of the one 

hate crime reported in Hawaii for 2003 is provided. 

IOWA 

STATISTICAL OVERVIEW OF CRIME AND JUSTICE IN IOWA 

Iowa Department of Human Rights, Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning 


This document is a clickable e-report. Viewers click on a topic heading, and questions about the 

topic appear on the next screen. Another click on each questions leads to information and 

statistics. The topic areas are: crime and arrests; victims; juvenile court case processing; 

delinquency services and sanctions; Iowa youth survey findings; criminal court case processing; 

restitution and fines; adult corrections; sex offender registry; and justice system expenditures. 

MAINE 

MAINE CRIME & JUSTICE DATA BOOK: 2003 ANNUAL REPORT 

Mark Rubin 

March 2004, 80 pp. 

This report is a compilation and analysis of various state and federal criminal justice reports, 

including Uniform Crime Report data (Department of Public Safety-generated data reported to 

the FBI), Maine Department of Corrections’ County Jail monthly population reports and 

juvenile offender data, and the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ state prison population data. The 

report contains a summary of key findings, as well as sections on index crime analysis, arrest 

and clearances, and courts and corrections. 

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MISSOURI 

2003 MISSOURI EMERGENCY SERVICE VEHICLE CRASHES 

Missouri State Highway Patrol 

2004, 51 pp. 

This report summarizes information on emergency service vehicle traffic crashes in Missouri 

from 2001–2003, with an emphasis on 2003. The data are taken from the Missouri Statewide 

Traffic Accident Records System (STARS) maintained by the Missouri State Highway Patrol. In 

2003, there were 1,591 crashes involving 1,628 emergency service vehicles. Of the total vehicles, 

78% were law enforcement vehicles, 11% were fire vehicles, and 10% were ambulances. Six 

people were killed and 473 injured in these traffic crashes. The report describes in detail the 

circumstances surrounding the police, fire, and ambulance crashes. 

2003 MISSOURI HOLIDAY CRASHES REPORT 


2004, 135 pp. 

This report summarizes information on traffic crashes occurring during major holidays from 

1999 – 2003, with an emphasis on 2003. The data are taken from the Missouri Statewide Traffic 

Accident Records System (STARS) maintained by the Missouri State Highway Patrol. From 

1999 through 2003, a total of 364 people were killed over the holidays (Memorial Day, Fourth of 

July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s) and over 18,000 were injured. The 

report provides detailed information on the crashes occurring on each holiday during 2003. 

2003 MISSOURI TRAFFIC SAFETY COMPENDIUM 


2004, 281 pp. 

The purpose of this publication is to provide the Missouri State Highway Patrol, the Missouri 

Department of Transportation Highway Safety Division, and other state and local authorities 

with information on Missouri's traffic crash problems. It is one in a series that is being produced 

annually. The primary source of data for the Compendium is the Statewide Traffic Accident 

Records System being maintained by the Missouri State Highway Patrol. Although this 

publication contains historical data on Missouri's traffic crash and severity experience, emphasis 

is placed on the most recent year (2003). In 2003, Missouri had a total of 182,624 traffic crashes. 

The economic loss associated with these traffic crashes was estimated to be $3,431,654,000. In 

these traffic crashes, 0.6% (1,095) involved one or more persons being killed in the incident. In 

addition, 25.2% (45,966) involved no persons being killed, but one or more persons being 

injured in the incident. In 2003, a total of 1,232 persons died in Missouri traffic crashes. One 

person was killed every 7.1 hours. The death rate (the number of deaths per 100 million miles of 

travel) was 1.8 in 2003. In 2002, the death rate also was 1.8. A total of 69,121 persons were 

injured in traffic crashes in 2003. One person was injured every 7.6 minutes. 

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CRIME IN MISSOURI 2003 

Missouri State Highway Patrol, Statistical Analysis Center 


This report provides data on index crimes reported in Missouri in 2003. Data were compiled 

under the Missouri Uniform Crime Reporting Program, which began operation in 2001. A total 

of 258,213 crime index offenses were reported in Missouri in 2003. One index crime was 

committed every 2 minutes in 2003. In 30.6 of every 100 crime index offenses, the cases were 

cleared by arrest or exceptional means. Violent crime comprised 10.5% of the total number of 

crimes reported in 2003; property offenses made up 89.5%. In 2003, Missouri law enforcement 

agencies reported 37,274 incidents of domestic violence, with 49 homicides. Two officers died in 

the line of duty during 2003. 

NEW MEXICO 

CRIME AND THE NEW MEXICO RESERVATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CRIME ON 

NATIVE AMERICAN LAND (1996-2002). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Paul Steele, Nell Damon, and Kristine Denman 


This report presents an analysis of Bureau of Indian Affairs crime data from 16 individual tribal 

reservations within the state of New Mexico between 1996 and 2002. Data for Part I offenses are 

provided, as well as information on DWI offenses. Tribal crime rates are compared with those 

for the city of Albuquerque, the state of New Mexico, and the United States as a whole. The 

findings show that reported Part I crime rates on tribal lands tend to be relatively low compared 

with Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the United States, while DWI offenses tend to be 

substantially higher on tribal lands. 

NORTH DAKOTA 

CRIME IN NORTH DAKOTA, 2003 

North Dakota Office of Attorney General, Bureau of Criminal Investigation 

2004, 66 pp. 

This report contains a summary of 2003 crime data for North Dakota, including a crime index 

offense analysis and an arrest analysis. A total of 64 police departments and sheriffs’ 

departments reported incident data for all or part of 2003. Three police departments reported 

summary data. In order to continue statistical time-series begun with summary reporting, 

computers programs were written to extract summary data from the incident data. In 2003, 

13,015 crime index offenses were reported to the North Dakota UCR program, a 14.6% decrease 

from the 2002 total. Violent crime comprised 3.8% of the total, and property crime accounted for 

96.2% of the total. 

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OHIO 

STATE OF CRIME AND JUSTICE IN OHIO 

Office of Criminal Justice Services 

March 2004, 234 pp. 

This report provides an overview of crime and justice in Ohio based on primary and secondary 

data sources and databases. The report includes chapters on: the history of crime and justice, 

citizen attitudes, crime, offenders, victims, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the future 

of crime and justice. The report includes a series of “From Theory to Practice” essays written by 

local experts that provide practical information on specific topics related to the broader areas 

discussed in the report. 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

SOUTH CAROLINA CRIMINAL AND JUVENILE JUSTICE TRENDS 

South Carolina Department of Public Safety 

2004, 205 pp. 

This publication provides basic information about criminal and juvenile justice in South 

Carolina. Statistical information is provided on arrests, inmates, probationers, and parolees as 

well as crime and conviction rates. Data from 1975-2003 are used to identify trends. 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

CRIME IN SOUTH DAKOTA 2003 

Brenda Hesla and John Mickelson 

June 2004, 84 pp. 

This report contains a summary of 2003 crime data for South Dakota. The data are based on 

actual figures from reports submitted by participating sheriff’s offices, police departments and 

the Division of Criminal Investigation. Reservations do not report crime data to the Statistical 

Analysis Center and are not included. Agencies report data using one of two systems; Uniform 

Crime Report (UCR) or National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). NIBRS data were 

converted to the historical summary UCR format so that UCR’s long-running time series could 

continue. For 2003, there were 16,168 index crimes reported, 69% of which were larcenies. 

Property crimes comprised 91.89% (14,857) of total index crimes, while violent crimes account 

for 8.11% (1,311). During the year, 4,349 index crime offenses were cleared resulting in the arrest 

of 3,980 persons. 

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TENNESSEE 

CRIME ON CAMPUS 2003 

Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Crime Statistics Unit 

April 2004, 165 pp. 

This report is based on data submitted to the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation through the 

Tennessee Incident Based Reporting System program that collects data on all crime occurring in 

Tennessee. All law enforcement agencies as well as colleges and universities are mandated to 

report crime statistics to the TBI. The report contains an explanation of how rates were 

calculated, institution incident reports, off-campus reports, analyses of offenses, and summaries 

about each college or university. 

CRIME IN TENNESSEE 2003: TENNESSEE INCIDENT BASED REPORTING SYSTEM (TIBRS) 

CRIME REPORTS 


June 2004, 533 pp. 

This report presents crime statistics for 2003 submitted by law enforcement agencies in 

Tennessee to the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation’s Tennessee Incident Based Reporting 

System (TIBRS) program. The TIBRS program collects comprehensive data on crime incidents 

including: information on the offense, victim, offender, arrestee, and victim-offender 

relationships. In Tennessee, all statistics are reported by National Incident-Based Reporting 

System–compliant agencies, one of the most populous states in the nation where this is true. A 

total of 580,680 Group A offenses were reported for 2003: 64% were property crimes, 26% were 

crimes against persons, and 10% were crimes against society, including drug offenses. 

HATE CRIME 

Tennessee Bureau of Investigation Crimes Statistics Unit 

June 2004, 23 pp. 

This report uses various graphical data to present an overview of hate crimes committed in 

Tennessee for 2003. Data used in this report were obtained from the Tennessee Incident Based 

Reporting System (TIBRS) program. The report presents bar graph data for hate crimes by 

category and also lists bias-motivated offenses for 2003. The report presents three-year 

statewide comparisons by offense types and crimes against persons and property. In addition, 

agency reports for unknown hate crimes in 2003 are listed. 

TENNESSEE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED OR ASSAULTED 2003 


June 2004, 38 pp. 

This is the third annual report published by the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation presenting 

information on reported incidents of assaults or deaths of law enforcement officers that 

occurred in Tennessee. The information is based on crime statistics information submitted by 

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law enforcement agencies in Tennessee to the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation’s Tennessee 

Incident Based Reporting System program. A total of 2,292 incidents were reported, with 2,241 

injury types and 2,350 weapon types. 

WISCONSIN 

CRIME AND ARRESTS IN WISCONSIN – 2003 

Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance, Statistical Analysis Center 


This report presents data on crime and arrests in Wisconsin during 2003. The first half of the 

report presents statewide information on crime and arrests, together with individual sections on 

each index crime. The second half contains more detailed crime and arrest information for 

individual jurisdictions and counties within the state. Wisconsin is certified as a National 

Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) state by the FBI, and is making a gradual transition 

from Uniform Crime Report data to NIBRS across the state. It is expected that a significant 

amount of WIBRS (Wisconsin Incident-Based Reporting System) data will be available in 2005 

and 2006. 

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 

ALABAMA 

2003 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN ALABAMA 


June 2004, 14 pp. 

The statistics in this report are from adult and juvenile domestic violence cases in Alabama for 

2003. For Alabama in 2003, 18,602 violent offenses were reported, with domestic violence being 

indicated in 2,261 of those incidents; there were 1,927 aggravated assaults and 28,486 domestic 

violence simple assaults. Aggravated assault and domestic violence simple assault data are 

presented. The gender and race of victims and their relationship to their offender and the race 

of the offender are provided. In addition, the report presents information concerning the 

percentage of victims sustaining injuries and the percentage sustaining injuries by type of 

injury. 

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IDAHO 

IMPACT EVALUATION OF THE NEZ PERCE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE UNIT 

Janeena Jamison Wing 

July 2004, 9 pp. 

This publication evaluates the impact of the Nez Perce County Domestic Violence Unit, funded 

through a STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) grant since 1999. The program is 

designed to hold batterers accountable while providing services to victims. To evaluate the 

efficacy of the unit, case management files and police reports from 1999 to 2003 were reviewed. 

From the police reports, incidents involving intimate partners (spouse, ex-spouse, 

boy/girlfriend, common-law spouse, or homosexual partner) were selected. 

According to the evaluation, the unit has been successful in prosecuting batterers—since 1999, 

the number of cases filed has increased by 12.8% while the number of cases dismissed before 

trial has decreased by 60%. In the county, domestic violence decreased since 1998 and only 14% 

of batterers were involved in more than one incident. In this time, the unit has provided 8,295 

services to victims, averaging 138 per month. 

MINNESOTA 

OJP FACT SHEET: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 

Minnesota Criminal Justice Statistical Analysis Center 


Domestic violence data for the United States and Minnesota are presented. In addition, a 

description of the Domestic Abuse Project in Minneapolis is provided along with data obtained 

from Minnesota hospitals detailing emergency and in-patient care for domestic violence-related 

injuries. Domestic violence survey results from the Minnesota Student survey are provided. 

Major findings from the Wilder Foundation Homeless Study show that the most common 

reason for women seeking shelter is to flee abusive partners. Statistics on victim programs in 

Minnesota, including number of domestic violence programs, and number, age, and race of 

victims served, are provided. 

OHIO 

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN APPALACHIAN OHIO: THE VICTIM’S PERSPECTIVE 

Lisa Contos Shoaf 

22 pp. 

The purpose of this study is to identify the needs of domestic violence victims in rural 

Appalachian Ohio. A previous study of domestic violence service providers identified the lack 

of availability of services to those in the rural area. This study focuses on Appalachian culture 

and traditions impacting women’s ability to seek and receive services, services that are 

available, and services that are needed most by Appalachian women. Information was gathered 

from domestic violence victims about their needs through focus groups. Three rural counties 

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were chosen based on characteristics such as location, populations, and poverty level, and focus 

groups were conducted in each county. Participation was voluntary and a total of 22 

individuals took part in the focus groups. Participants frequently mentioned that location and 

economic condition made it difficult to seek services, and some expressed negative feelings 

about the criminal justice system. A large number of the focus group participants had used 

counseling services. 

PENNSYLVANIA 

EVALUATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL ABUSE SCREENING BY 

PRIMARY CARE PRACTITIONERS 

Wanda Filer, Valerie Campbell, and Sally Cavanaugh 


This study examines the rates of sexual abuse and domestic violence screening by healthcare 

providers both before and after the introduction of practice guidelines/requirements and 

educational interventions. Patient records at 10 suburban primary care practices were reviewed 

for screening. Documentation of domestic violence screening was found to vary across practices 

and by reason for patient visit. Sexual assault screening documentation occurred less than 

domestic violence screening, but in the cases in which it did occur, abuse was found more often 

(1 in 3) than in cases screened for domestic violence (1 in 12). 

EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA’S PROTECTION FROM ABUSE DATABASE 

Brenda K. Uekert, Penney Wentland, Susan Keilitz, and Tracy Peters 


This report presents an evaluation of the Protection From Abuse Database. The study focuses on 

PFAD usage, satisfaction levels, victim safety, data transmission, and system integration. Data 

were collected through secondary data analysis, county-level surveys, user surveys, case 

studies, and system analysis. Findings indicate that PFAD users are highly satisfied, that the 

system meets their needs, and they recommend it to others in their positions. However, most 

users aren’t aware of or don’t take advantage of the full range of the database functions and 

capabilities. There were variations across the state in terms of the timeliness and accuracy of 

information being entered. The system is most commonly used to propose temporary orders, 

initiate petitions, create notices or hearings, edit proposed orders, and prepare final orders. 

Fifty-five counties are using or being trained to use PFAD. 

WEST VIRGINIA 

WEST VIRGINIA STOP VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN PROJECT EVALUATION 

Erica Turley and Stephen M. Haas 

March 2004, 34 pp. 

This report details the number and characteristics of victims served by the STOP (Services, 

16

Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Teams in the state using data from the West Virginia Coalition 

Against Domestic Violence and demographic forms submitted by team members. Together, 

these data sources provided information on 8,839 contacts. In summary, most victims served 

were female, white, and around 30 years old. Nearly three fourths reported emotional abuse 

and 62% reported physical abuse. Abusers tended to be male, white, around 36 years old, and 

were the spouse or intimate partner of the victim. Fists were the most commonly reported 

weapon. 

In the second section of the report, incident-based data were used to examine domestic violence 

incidents reported to law enforcement from 2000 through 2002. The characteristics of victims in 

these data followed the trends as reported by the STOP Teams. The offenders, on the other 

hand, tended to be younger and more likely to be intimate partners and family members than 

spouses. 

WYOMING 

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE STATE OF WYOMING 1999 - 2003 

Carter Rees and Laurel Parker West 

September 2004, 13 pp. 

This report is a graphical presentation of domestic violence data for the state of Wyoming 

between 1999 and 2003. The charts include data on the frequency of domestic violence statewide 

and on a county-by-county basis over time. The charts also analyze incident-based data 

including the victim-offender relationship and the time of the incident. Basic demographic 

information on victims and offenders is also included in this report. 

DRUGS 

ALABAMA 

2003 ARRESTS FOR ILLEGAL DRUG SALES AND POSSESSION BY COUNTY 


June 2004, 10 pp. 

This report presents cumulative totals for adult and juvenile illegal drug sales in Alabama and 

also provides separate descriptive statistics for adults and juveniles. Five tables provide 

descriptive data for the illegal drug sales by county: Arrests for Sale/Possession of Illegal 

Drugs; Adult Arrests for Sale of Illegal Drugs; Adult Arrests for Possession of Illegal Drugs; 

Juvenile Arrests for Sale of Illegal Drugs; and Juvenile Arrests for Possession of Illegal Drugs. 

17

ALASKA 

MEASURES OF OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL ABUSE IN ALASKA 

Darryl S. Wood 

Spring 2004, 5 pp. 

This article looks at various secondary data sources that can be used to examine the 

effectiveness of alcohol control policies in Alaska. The article discusses flaws in available police 

statistics, including the Uniform Crime Reports, and calls for service records/incident reports. It 

also examines various public health data sources, such as the Alaska Trauma Registry and 

death certificate records, as well as other sources of information, such as reports of harm to 

children and traffic accident records. The report concludes that there are few statewide data 

sources extensive enough to examine local alcohol policies, but identifies the state trauma 

registry, death certificate records, reports of harm to children, and motor vehicle accident 

reports as being the most promising sources of data. 

ARIZONA 

2004-2007 STRATEGY: ARIZONA DRUG, GANG, AND VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL 



The purpose of Arizona’s Drug, Gang, and Violent Crime Control Strategy is to apply 

enhancements to all principal aspects of the criminal justice system in a balanced approach, and 

to fill gaps in necessary services. It supports the National Drug Control Strategy, Justice 

Department Guidelines, and the programs and projects that best meet the needs of the state, 

including those that no longer qualify for federal funding. The Strategy delineates the state’s 

major justice-related problems, resource needs, priorities, and coordination efforts. It also 

provides data and analysis to help in understanding the problem, and an assessment of the 

availability, trafficking environment, and role of organization by drug in the state. 

IDAHO 

BYRNE-SUPPORTED LOCAL TASK FORCES IN IDAHO 

Misty Kifer 


This report briefly summarizes the purpose and activities of projects funded by the Byrne grant 

in Idaho that focus on dealing with drugs at the local level. The projects include canine drug 

detection, gang and drug enforcement units, and multijurisdictional task forces. Information is 

provided on the number of arrests, amount of funds seized, value of vehicles seized, seized 

weapons and estimated value, and amount and estimated street value of drugs seized for 2003. 

18

DRUG ARRESTS AND VIOLENT CRIME TRENDS 

Salvador Vazquez 

April 2004, 11 pp. 

This statistical report focuses on drug arrest and violent crime trends from 1983 to 2003 and 

compares Idaho statistics with those of the rest of the United States. The information in this 

report is based on the Crime in Idaho series, Crime in the United States, and data obtained directly 

from the National Incident-Based Reporting System state data repository. Trends are shown for 

the seven Uniform Crime Report index crimes, as well as for drug arrests and violent crime. 

ILLINOIS 

2004 SUMMARY OF DRUG ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES ACROSS ILLINOIS’S METROPOLITAN 

ENFORCEMENT GROUPS AND TASK FORCES 

Robert W. Bauer, David E. Olson et al. 

March 2004, 77 pp. 

The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority receives funding to document the extent and 

nature of drug and violent crime in Illinois and the criminal justice system’s response to these 

offenses. This profile is intended to provide a general overview of the drug and violent crime 

problem in the jurisdictions covered by Illinois’s Metropolitan Enforcement Groups (MEGs) and 

task forces, and the response to these problems by the units. One section of the report (Special 

Focus) examines the emergence of methamphetamine in Illinois through an examination of 

various law enforcement and drug treatment indicators, and pays particular attention to how 

the drug’s production and use has progressed across the state’s diverse geographic regions. 

ASSESSING ILLINOIS’ METROPOLITAN ENFORCEMENT GROUPS AND DRUG TASK FORCES 

Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority Research & Analysis Unit 

March 2004, 48 pp. 

These profiles provide a general overview of the drug and violent crime problem in each 

jurisdiction covered by a Metropolitan Enforcement Group or Drug Task Force and discuss how 

the units deal with the crime problems. The reports include drug crime trends, arrest trends, 

drug seizure data, and arrests by drug type, among other data and analysis. 

DISPROPORTIONATE INCARCERATION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS FOR DRUG OFFENSES IN THE U.S. 

Arthur J. Lurigio 


This report discusses arrest and incarceration trends for drug crimes. It explains how African- 

Americans are more likely to get prison time for specific crimes than non–African-Americans 

and how such disproportionality has affected the African-American community. Prison 

admission rates and arrest rates are examined by race. Almost 90% of offenders sentenced for 

sale of crack cocaine at the federal level have been African-American. In 2000, the incarceration 

rate for African-Americans was more than nine times that of white offenders. 

19

DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE: DUI LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT IN ILLINOIS AND THE U.S. 

Kelly Marzano 

April 2004, 16 pp. 

This report discusses DUI offenses and data issues that occur due to per se laws in Illinois and 

measurement issues. Data are presented for DUI offenders at different points of the Illinois 

criminal justice system, as well as demographics, both national and for the state, for DUI 

offenders. Recommendations are given for better data-keeping practices and for DUI 

prevention. 

THE FESTERING PROBLEM OF METHAMPHETAMINE IN ILLINOIS 

Daniel Dighton 

Winter/Spring 2004, 8 pp. 

This newsletter article reports on the nature of methamphetamine production and use, and the 

unique challenges for law enforcement that have caused police, especially in rural areas, to alter 

their drug enforcement strategies. The report states, “Methamphetamine is not the most 

commonly abused drug in Illinois, nor is it responsible for the most arrests. But it has quickly 

become the most dangerous and vexing problem for law enforcement in many rural areas, 

particularly in central and southern parts of the state.” The article provides data regarding the 

growth in the number of clandestine labs seized in the state and describes the evolution of the 

methamphetamine problem in the U.S. and in Illinois. Interviews with Drug Task Force officers 

demonstrate the special issues for law enforcement in investigating and combating 

methamphetamine use. 

ILLINOIS’ MULTI-YEAR STRATEGY TO CONTROL DRUG AND VIOLENT CRIME 

Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority 

April 2004, 87 pp. 

This report outlines a strategy to combat drug and violent crime in Illinois and discusses the 

role that the Byrne Memorial fund plays in coordinating research, policy, and legislative 

activities with funding initiatives. It includes an overview of the latest data and trends in drug 

and violent crime in Illinois. The report suggests priority focus area and new areas needing 

programming based on the crime data gathered, as well as past funding allocations and future 

government grants. Identified needs included youth prevention and intervention programs, 

enhanced effectiveness of treatment/services, research to determine what works in treatment 

and use/crime prevention, and an integrated criminal justice system. New projects suggested 

were sex offender treatment and balanced and restorative justice programs. 

20

METHAMPHETAMINE: QUICK FACTS 

TRENDS IN MEASURES OF METHAMPHETAMINE ACTIVITIES IN ILLINOIS 

Robert W. Bauer and David E. Olson 


These reports [see links below] provide an overview of the extent and nature of 

methamphetamine use and abuse in Illinois' Judicial Circuits, how this compares to trends in 

Illinois, and how these measures could be more effectively identified, gauged, monitored, and 

evaluated. Through the use of existing local- and state-level aggregate data, the research sought 

to estimate the migratory characteristics of methamphetamine as an emerging drug by 

examining prevalence indicators (efforts undertaken by law enforcement, such as controlled 

substance drug arrests, clandestine methamphetamine lab seizures, new court commitments to 

prison, and the quantity of methamphetamine seized as well as the number of 

methamphetamine submissions to Illinois State Police crime laboratories) relative to 

consequence indicators (admissions to treatment for methamphetamine abuse data). 

Second Judicial Circuit 

Fourth Judicial Circuit 

Fifth Judicial Circuit 

RESEARCH AND PROGRAM EVALUATION IN ILLINOIS: THE EXTENT AND NATURE OF 

DRUG AND VIOLENT CRIME IN ILLINOIS’ COUNTIES 

Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority Research & Analysis Unit 


These reports provide a profile of the criminal and juvenile justice system activity in each 

Illinois County. Court activity is included as well as law enforcement activity, jail populations, 

and the number of child abuse/neglect cases. Drug and index crime rates and arrest rates are 

reported and compared with other similar counties based on population. 


METHAMPHETAMINE FACT SHEET 

Tyler Barefoot and Richard Hayes 

Summer 2004, 1 p. 

This fact sheet, published by the North Carolina Governor’s Crime Commission, stemmed from 

an effort to inform the public of the growing methamphetamine problem facing North Carolina 

and many other states. The goal was to provide timely information concerning the use, 

production, and distribution of D-methamphetamine to enhance the public’s knowledge of this 

dangerous and highly addictive drug. The fact sheet defines methamphetamines and discusses 

its effects on users, risks associated with using, ease of production, and distribution. The fact 

sheet also provides additional resources for learning more about methamphetamines. 

21

OKLAHOMA 

ANALYSIS OF OKLAHOMA DRUG COURTS: FISCAL YEARS 2002-2003 

Nancy Warren, Lorrie Byrum, Kristy Spiczka, Bill Chown, and Carol Furr 


Data were collected and analyzed for 1,666 participants from 19 adult drug courts in Oklahoma, 

including all active participants as of July 1, 2001, and all participants entering through June 30, 

2003. Various characteristics of offenders were examined comparing pre to post, as well as 

sanctions imposed, average length of treatment, retention rates, recidivism rates, and many 

other variables. A cost analysis model was also developed to compare the cost of sending the 

offenders to drug court to sending them to prison. The drugs of choice for participating 

offenders were alcohol, methamphetamine, cannabis, and cocaine. There was a wide variance in 

the average length of prison sentence received if a participant failed drug court, and the top 

violation resulting in sanctions (though not necessarily prison) was a positive drug test. 

WYOMING 

DRUG COURTS IN THE STATE OF WYOMING: A PROCESS AND OUTCOME EVALUATION 

Laurel Parker West and Tiffany Comer Cook 


This study examines how the drug court movement in Wyoming is taking shape and to what 

effect. The study focuses on how Wyoming drug courts operate specific features of program 

design and implementation and participant outcomes. Data sources include surveys of adult 

and juvenile participants and parents of juvenile participants, local drug court coordinators, the 

case management system, and state drug court applications and contracts. Surveys ask about 

perceptions of program effectiveness and opinions about implementation. Outcome measures 

include recidivism and change in lifestyle/circumstances. The report includes an examination 

of process and outcome measures for individual county drug courts as well as statewide 

comparisons. 

OPERATION STOREFRONT 2004: POINT OF SALE TOBACCO ADVERTISING IN THE 

STATE OF WYOMING 

Marc Homer and Mindy Dahl 

August 2004, 33 pp. 

This report presents data collected through Operation Storefront. Operation Storefront is an 

effort used to monitor compliance with laws concerning the sale of tobacco products and to 

track the way those products are advertised. There were two data collection periods in this 

study: 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Data were collected on a county level using a data form. 

Measures include the distance from a tobacco outlet to a school, type of advertising, product 

placement in stores, and underage purchasing warning signs. 

22

FEMALE OFFENDERS 

IDAHO 

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG FEMALE INMATES WITH HISTORIES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 

Janeena Wing 


Since 1995, the Pocatello Women’s Correctional Center has been receiving STOP grant funds to 

provide an educational class on domestic violence for inmates. An in-depth evaluation of the 

class began in 1998. Since then, data have been collected regarding the inmates’ histories of 

victimization and drug abuse. Included in this report is an account of the previous relationships 

with drugs many of the women admitted having prior to entering prison. Also included is the 

relationship they say their batterer had with drugs and/or alcohol. This study examines the 

drug abuse history of women who have experienced either emotional or physical abuse by an 

intimate partner versus those who have not. The information is taken from a client profile 

questionnaire given out in 2002, which was used to understand the dynamics of class 

participants. 

ILLINOIS 

ADDRESSING FEMALE OFFENDERS IN ILLINOIS'S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 


Summer 2004, 8 pp. 

Information on various federal programs designed to provide gender-specific services to the 

increasing number of adult and juvenile females who are incarcerated, on probation, jailed, or 

paroled in Illinois is provided. One article describes the community-based transitional services 

offered to women and juvenile females in Illinois. Another article discusses female juvenile data 

from Illinois and highlights the need for gender-specific programs. The final article examines 

and presents data on female domestic violence offenders in Illinois. 

OKLAHOMA 

GENDER, CRIME AND INCARCERATION IN OKLAHOMA 

Oklahoma Criminal Justice Resource Center and the Oklahoma Statistical Analysis Center 


This report provides a synopsis of the best data available regarding female incarceration in 

Oklahoma. Oklahoma’s rate of female incarceration is highest in the nation. The report gives 

insight into a wide variety of factors that may contribute to the incarceration rate, including 

arrests, felony convictions, drug crimes, incarceration, Oklahoma drug courts, and state 

spending, and includes an appendix of related information. 

23

SPECIAL TASK FORCE FOR WOMEN INCARCERATED IN OKLAHOMA 

Oklahoma Criminal Justice Resource Center 


This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of the Special Task Force for 

Women Incarcerated in Oklahoma. The purpose of the task force, created by the 2003 Oklahoma 

legislature, was to determine the causes of Oklahoma’s high female incarceration rate. The 

report presents findings, conclusions and recommendations in four areas: diverting women 

from becoming offenders, alternatives within the criminal justice system, rehabilitative efforts 

while offenders are incarcerated, and reintegration efforts after incarceration. 

TULSA COUNTY RELEASE SURVEY 2003 WOMEN OFFENDERS STUDY 

Oklahoma Criminal Justice Resource Center 


This report provides a series of charts and graphs summarizing information on 517 female 

offenders released from the Tulsa County jail in 2003. Information is included on a variety of 

demographic variables, length of stay in jail, reason for release, criminal history, bond amount, 

and fines and costs paid. 

FIREARMS 

ALASKA 

ANCHORAGE PERCEPTIONS: SANCTIONS AND GUN CRIME DETERRENCE 

Brad Myrstol 

Summer 2004 

This report summarizes the findings of a random telephone survey of 585 residents of 

Anchorage, Alaska, designed to obtain perceptions regarding sanctions for gun crime. Survey 

items measured the perceived likelihood of the certainty, celerity, and severity of sanctions 

being administered for an individual committing a gun crime. The findings showed that 

perceptions varied across different stages of the criminal sanctioning process, with respondents 

perceiving that it is least likely that a person carrying a gun illegally would get caught by 

authorities, and most likely that a person convicted of a gun crime would receive a long prison 

sentence. Perceptions also varied by demographic characteristics of respondents, such as age, 

gender, race, education, income, and work status. 

24

CALIFORNIA 

CONCEALABLE FIREARMS CHARGES IN CALIFORNIA, FISCAL YEAR 2003 

Criminal Justice Statistics Center, State of California 

2004, 5 pp. 

Beginning January 1, 2000, the State of California provided for the option of felony charges in 

arrest for two concealed weapons offenses. Penal Code section (PC) 12025 allows for felony 

charges when a person has both a firearm and unexpended ammunition in their possession if 

they are not registered as an owner of that firearm, while PC 12031 allows for felony charges 

when a person not registered as the owner of a firearm carries the loaded firearm or has the 

firearm in their vehicle on any given street. 

This study looks at implementation of the changed statutes to describe how the new 

prosecutorial discretion is being used and patterns of implementation. Among the factors being 

looked at are the presence of other charges in conjunction with charges under these statutes and 

the age and racial distribution of those charged. 

Among those findings is a consistent trend of a greater likelihood of felony charges being filed 

against younger arrestees for these offenses. In each subsequent age group, the proportion of 

misdemeanor charges to felony charges increased. Defendants classified as Hispanic or black 

are much more likely to face felony charges than those identified as white or other. Charges 

accompanying those brought in under PC 12025 and PC 12031 are more likely to be felonies 

than misdemeanors. 

COLORADO 

FIREARM USE AMONG DENVER ARRESTEES IN 2003 

Nicole Hetz and Kim English 

July 2004, 19 pp. 

In November 1998 and October 2003, the Colorado Office of Research and Statistics (ORS) 

included in its Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) survey questions about firearm use 

and ownership. Respondents are identified only as arrestees, with no breakdown by type of 

charge. There were 348 participants in the 1998 study and 253 participants in the 2003 study. In 

1998, 29% of participants were female, compared to 24% in 2003. 

The report is descriptive in nature and does not draw conclusions or attribute causality in any 

way. However, some patterns can be seen in the data as described, including: A larger 

proportion of 2003 arrestees (51%) reported ever having owned a gun than 1998 arrestees (30%), 

though they were less likely to have used a gun in the commission of a crime. Another apparent 

pattern is a much higher level of gun ownership among respondents who had ever been 

threatened with a gun. 

The study also provides a very basic demographic breakdown of participants. Intriguing 

patterns and the regular collection of ADAM data would suggest that this effort should be 

continued and more in-depth analysis conducted. 

25

HAWAII 

FIREARM REGISTRATIONS IN HAWAII, 2003 

Paul Perrone, 7 pp. 

This report gives an overview of the disposition of the 6,792 applications for firearm registration 

received in the State of Hawaii. Information is shown for the city and county of Honolulu and 

the counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai. There is also a comparison of firearm registration and 

importation activity in the state for the years 2000–2003. 

Of the 6,792 applications, 114 permits were rejected, with rejection rates higher for long-arm 

permit applications than for handgun permit applications. The most common reason for 

rejection was prior convictions for criminal activity or mental health problems. Of the approved 

permits, 261 (3.8%) were subsequently voided, usually because applicants failed to return 

within a specified time period. 

The low rates of rejection were surprising to the report authors due to what they regard as, 

“Hawaii's comparatively exhaustive background check procedures and extensive list of 

disqualifying factors.” This publication was descriptive rather than analytic in nature, with few 

conclusions beyond a discussion of the apparent, and slight, increases in application for firearm 

registrations during the 2000–2003 time period. 

PROJECT SAFE NEIGHBORHOODS IN HAWAII: YEAR ONE STUDY REPORT 

Andrew Ovenden, Paul Perrone, and Genbao Gao 


This report describes the implementation of Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) in the State of 

Hawaii. Hawaiian law enforcement agencies, in conjunction with the U.S. Attorney's Office for 

the State of Hawaii, began PSN in Hawaii in 2002. The study compares the number of gunrelated 

crimes and the backgrounds of seized weapons before implementation to those during 

implementation. 

The data show a greater likelihood of firearms cases being prosecuted at the federal level after 

PSN implementation, as well as declining numbers of firearms seized and traced, despite slight 

increases in the number of firearms-related charges. With program implementation so recent, 

few conclusions can be drawn at this point; the state has established a center for geospatial 

analysis, however, to be used in assessing this effort. 

26

WYOMING 

PROJECT SAFE NEIGHBORHOODS: PHASE II FINAL REPORT PRESENTED TO THE U.S. ATTORNEYS 

OFFICE FOR THE DISTRICT OF WYOMING 

Carter Rees and Lindsay Robertson 

November 2004, 35 pp. 

Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), a federal initiative implemented in the early months of the 

Bush administration, is a comprehensive nationwide strategy designed to reduce gun violence 

in America. The question of interest in the Phase II report is this: What does the judicial process 

for the adjudication of gun offenders tried in the state of Wyoming look like? The research goal 

of Phase II was to provide the U.S. Attorney’s Office, and the Wyoming criminal justice 

community in general, with a better understanding of how gun offenses proceed through the 

courts within the state of Wyoming. 

HOMICIDE 

CALIFORNIA 

HOMICIDE IN CALIFORNIA 2003 

California Criminal Justice Statistics Center 

2004, 8 pp. 

This annual crime report presents 2003 homicide data for California. The report provides 

descriptive information concerning homicide and homicide victims, demographic data for 

homicide offenders, and information concerning the response of the criminal justice system to 

homicide in California. In addition, information concerning the death penalty, number of peace 

officers killed while on duty, and justifiable homicide is presented. This crime report edition 

also includes a more in-depth analysis of domestic violence-related homicides. 

IDAHO 

INTIMATE PARTNER HOMICIDES IN IDAHO 

Misty Kifer 


This report analyzes reported intimate partner homicides in Idaho between 1998 and 2000. The 

analysis focuses on victims and arrestees, circumstances, and county trends. Data were collected 

from the Idaho repository for National Incident-Based Reporting System data. Homicides in 

this report included murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and negligent manslaughter. Intimate 

partners were defined as current or former spouses, boyfriends, girlfriends, and common law 

spouses. Intimate partner homicide information was compared to information for all homicides 

in the state between 1998 and 2002. Compared with other homicide victims, intimate partner 

victims were significantly older, with an average age of about 40. The majority of arrestees and 

27

victims in intimate homicides were white. Most intimate homicides occurred over an argument 

and males were more likely than females to be killed by an intimate partner during an 

argument. 

INDIANA 

THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF MURDER IN INDIANA 

Mary Ziemba-Davis, Brent Myers, and Crystal Garcia 


This report is the first in a series that examines various factors related to murder in Indiana. The 

study examines characteristics of the offender, the trial, sentences imposed, the victim, and the 

crime itself using a random sample of offenders that received a determinate sentence for 

murder committed between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2002. The sample was divided 

into three groups – determinate, life without parole, and death penalty. All analysis was done 

using these three groups, comparing the similarities and differences among them. Over 96% of 

the sample was male, with not much racial variation (98% either white or black), and 92% in 

each sentence type group had a criminal history prior to homicide. Over half of the victims were 

white males, with one third of victims in the study being murdered in their own home. 

MINNESOTA 

OJP FACT SHEET: HOMICIDE 


June 2004, 4 pp. 

Data for homicides and homicide rates, offender and victim characteristics, and circumstances 

are compared for the United States, Minnesota, and Minneapolis for 2002. Data for Minnesota 

show that homicides for the state resemble the national trends. For Minneapolis, the homicide 

data show that African-Americans were overrepresented as both murder victims and offenders 

in the state in 2002. Information concerning the number of programs for victims of general 

crime receiving federal funding in Minnesota for 2003 is presented. In addition, the number of 

survivors of homicide victims served by these funded programs and number of reparations 

claims paid are presented. 

NORTH DAKOTA 

CRIMINAL JUSTICE STATISTICS SPECIAL REPORT, HOMICIDE IN NORTH DAKOTA, 2003 

North Dakota Bureau of Criminal Investigation 


Homicide data for North Dakota in 2003 are presented. Graphs and charts summarize data 

relating to homicide trends and clearance rates for years 1978-2003. Various data are presented 

for adult and juvenile homicide victims and assailants. Homicide data for 2003 show that in 

28

North Dakota, 12 homicides were reported to the UCR. Six males were victims of homicide, 

while all identified assailants were male. Ten adults 18 or older were homicide victims, and all 

identified homicide assailants were adults. Eleven homicide victims were killed by firearms and 

one was beaten to death. Eight homicides resulted from domestic violence incidents. 


MURDER TRENDS IN SOUTH CAROLINA 1977-2002 

South Carolina Department of Public Safety 

2004, 109 pp. 

This publication provides information about murder in South Carolina. Statistical information is 

provided on murder rates, circumstances, victims, offenders, and arrestees. The primary source 

of data is the South Carolina Incident Based Reporting System. During the time period 

examined, murder in the state was on a general decline, but was also higher than the national 

average every year but one. There was a relatively low involvement of drug and narcotics use 

by offenders, yet a quarter of all murders involved alcohol use by offenders. Two thirds of all 

murders involved firearms. 

INFORMATION SYSTEMS 

ARIZONA 

CRIMINAL JUSTICE RECORDS IMPROVEMENT PLAN: 2004 


March 2004, 53 pp. 

The state of Arizona is implementing a plan to develop an integrated criminal justice 

information system. This report lays out the goals for the development of the system for each 

participating agency, and assesses progress made toward achieving those goals. The report also 

provides information on funding initiatives under the state’s Criminal Justice Record 

Improvement Program and the National Criminal History Improvement Program. 

ILLINOIS 

“PRIVACY SCHMRIVACY?” DRAFTING PRIVACY POLICY IN AN INTEGRATED JUSTICE ENVIRONMENT 

Wil Nagel 

June 2004, 43 pp. 

In 2003, Illinois created an Integrated Justice Information System (IJIS) Implementation Board 

and a strategic plan for implementing the IJIS system. This report proposes a process for 

drafting a privacy policy for the IJIS. The report discusses the need for a comprehensive privacy 

29

policy, discusses various concepts of privacy, and examines federal and state statutes and 

regulations related to database privacy. 

JUVENILE JUSTICE 

ARIZONA 

ARIZONA YOUTH SURVEY: STATE REPORT 2004 

Arizona Criminal Justice Commission, Bach Harrison 

April 2004, 300 pp. 

Data from the 2004 Arizona Youth Survey (AYS) of students in 8 th , 10 th and 12 th grades were 

used to measure attitudes regarding delinquency and substance use as well as the prevalence 

and frequency of delinquency and substance use. The AYS is based on Hawkins and Catalano’s 

work on risk and protective factors for substance abuse and delinquency. Trends as well as 

differences by grade, gender, and jurisdiction are reported. In addition, results from the survey 

are compared to the national Monitoring the Future Survey to determine differences in 

substance use between Arizona youths and youths across the United States. 

BARRIERS TO LEARNING: A REPORT FROM THE 2002 ARIZONA YOUTH SURVEY 

Statistical Analysis Center 

April 2004, 17 pp. 

Publisher: Arizona Criminal Justice Commission 

Data from the 2002 Arizona Youth Survey of students in 8 th , 10 th and 12 th grades were used to 

examine factors associated with poor academic performance. Substance abuse, antisocial 

behavior, feeling unsafe at school or while traveling to and from school, school suspension, 

absenteeism, perception that schoolwork is unmeaningful or unimportant, not enjoying school, 

having friends who dropped out of school, lower family attachment, and a high number of 

changes in residences or schools were all related to poor academic performance. Students with 

more of these risk factors were more likely to participate in problem behavior than other 

students. Furthermore, males were less likely to succeed academically and had lower school 

commitment than females. 

GUN CARRYING AMONG YOUTH IN ARIZONA 

Charles M. Katz, 

April 2004, 55 pp. 

Data from the 2002 Arizona Youth Survey of students in 8 th , 10 th and 12 th grades were used to 

gauge students’ perceptions, fears and experiences regarding gun carrying. Analyses were 

conducted to determine who carried guns; factors associated with gun carrying; the relationship 

among gun carrying, crime and drugs; and the impacts of carrying a gun on school 

30

performance, school behavior, and school climate. Though gun carrying was infrequent, those 

who carried guns typically felt unsafe in their neighborhoods, sold drugs, and were frequently 

threatened with weapons. Most youths who carried guns thought their parents but not the 

police would catch them. 

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE ARIZONA YOUTH SURVEY: A COMMUNITY 

MOBILIZATION STRATEGY 



This report documents the steps taken in 2002 and 2003 by the Arizona Criminal Justice 

Commission to institutionalize the Arizona Youth Survey (AYS). The AYS is based on Hawkins 

and Catalano’s work on risk and protective factors for substance abuse and delinquency. The 

AYS is administered to students in 8 th , 10 th and 12 th grades in randomly selected schools across 

the state. Providing training sessions on the value of the survey, securing funds to administer 

the survey, and providing AYS reports to various stakeholders were the primary techniques 

used to ensure future administration and use of the survey. The survey is now administered 

every two years. 

A STUDY OF THE 2002 ARIZONA YOUTH SURVEY: GANG MEMBERSHIP AMONG YOUTH 

Charles M. Katz 


This report summarizes findings on gang behavior from the state’s biannual survey of 8 th , 10 th 

and 12 th grade students, which is based on assessment of risk and protective factors. According 

to these findings, gang membership is correlated with a number of other negative behaviors 

including alcohol, drug, and tobacco use, drug sales, carrying of weapons to school, and 

participation in fights in school. Among male respondents, 7% admitted to gang membership 

and 4.6% of females admitted to gang membership. Gang presence is correlated with area-level 

negative outcomes as well. For example, respondents who attended schools with a serious gang 

problem were more likely to be fearful, more likely to be absent, and more likely to be 

victimized at school than those who attended schools that were not identified as having a 

serious gang problem. 

CALIFORNIA 

JUVENILE JUSTICE IN CALIFORNIA, 2003 

Louise Anderson, Sylvia Garza, Tad Davis, and Rebecca Bowe 

2004, 11 pp. 

This document describes the flow of juveniles across various decision points (arrest, detention, 

referrals to court, referrals to probation, petitions, and disposition) in the juvenile justice system 

in California in 2003. In addition, it reports demographics (race/ethnicity, gender, and age) and 

31

offense characteristics (felony, misdemeanor, and status offenses) of the juvenile population and 

provides information on juveniles transferred to the adult system. 

COLORADO 

EVALUATION OF THE YOUTHFUL OFFENDER SYSTEM (YOS) IN COLORADO 

Jeffrey Rosky, Diane Pasini-Hill, Kerry Lowden, Linda Harrison, and Kim English 


This report is on the second evaluation of the Youth Offender System (YOS) in Colorado. The 

study looks at recidivism rates and characteristics of offenders, and provides a broader picture 

than the first of the operation of the program from the standpoint of residents, staff, treatment 

providers, and administrators. Self-administered questionnaires, focus groups, interviews, the 

YOS education database, and the Department of Corrections Information System were used for 

data collection. The educational component of the program was identified by residents and staff 

as the most beneficial component, and those who obtained a GED were less likely to recidivate. 

The need for incentives to reward progress in the program was identified as well as the need to 

separate residents who are in different phases of the program. Recommendations are also given 

as to how YOS could better reach intended goals. 

DELAWARE 

DELAWARE SERIOUS JUVENILE OFFENDER PROGRAM: AN EVALUATION OF THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF 

OPERATION 

Jorge Rodriguez-Labarca and John P. O’Connell 


The Serious Juvenile Offender (SJO) program was evaluated to determine its impact on 

recidivism (readmission to secure placement or rearrest). The SJO program targets chronic 

juvenile offenders ages 16 years or older with a prior incarceration for a felony who have just 

been released from placement for a violent felony, drug offense or weapons offense. Program 

activities include curfews, intense surveillance, immediate detention upon arrest, and swift 

court processing. Of those admitted in 1999 and 2000, 91% were rearrested for a misdemeanor, 

felony, or technical probation violation within 24 months of program admittance. Recidivism 

was lower, primarily because of arrests and incarcerations for technical probation violations, for 

a comparison group of juveniles who met program criteria but were not selected for the 

program. 

32

ILLINOIS 

PRE-TRIAL JUVENILE DETENTION SCREENING PRACTICES IN ILLINOIS 

Timothy Lavery, Erica Hughes, Kimberly Burke, and Megan Alderden 

July 2004, 110 pp. 

This report details findings from an initiative designed to reduce secure detention through 

employing a screening tool for juveniles in the state’s juvenile justice system. Information was 

provided on pretrial detention screening practices that were gathered through semistructured 

interviews with detention screening agencies throughout the state. In addition, copies of 86 

different scorable screening instruments were obtained and compared. Researchers were 

interested in determining the prevalence of use, the content of the instruments used, 

perceptions of the instruments by their users, implementation practices, and how use of the tool 

has affected placement in the system. Results indicated that the standardized tool was often 

modified, which may reduce its reliability. Also, mitigating factors and aggravating factors 

allowed by the tool complicated its usefulness. Related to this, the tool was complicated to use 

for domestic offenses. Finally, interviewees reported that there were too few alternatives to 

secure confinement across the state. 

INDIANA 

WHAT ABOUT GIRLS IN INDIANA’S JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM? 

Mary Ziemba-Davis, Crystal Garcia, Nicole Kincaid, Katalina Gullans, and Brent Myers 


This study was designed to address the program and service needs of 10-17 year old girls 

involved in or at-risk of involvement in the juvenile justice system. The purpose was to assess 

what was known about gender-relevant needs and to examine the availability of genderrelevant 

programs in Indiana. The study design included an analysis of state and national level 

data, focus groups, and a survey. Data were analyzed to identify gender differences in 

delinquency, including risk and protective factors such as history of physical or sexual abuse, 

family characteristics, substance abuse, mental illness, being a teen parent, and academic 

failure. Focus groups were conducted with girls and women who were involved with the 

system to identify gender-relevant needs and experiences in the system. The survey of juvenile 

justice professionals and service providers was used to identify needs of juveniles and the 

extent to which the services provided met youths’ needs. Findings identified specific needs of 

girls, particularly at-risk and delinquent, and indicated the need for education and training of 

service providers and program staff. More gender-relevant programs that follow a specific 

model tailored to the needs of both girls and boys were also recommended. 

33

IOWA 

EXAMINING THE TRENDS AND USE OF IOWA’S JUVENILE DETENTION CENTERS 

D. Moore and D. Musel 


The purpose of this study was to examine the uses of the 10 juvenile detention centers in Iowa 

and to identify alternatives to secure detention. Specifically, the study sought to determine the 

scope and nature of the use of alternatives to secure confinement; compare the use of secure 

confinement to alternatives to secure detention; determine how decisions to confine were made 

versus decisions to pursue alternatives; and measure trends in secure detention use over time. 

To complete these tasks, researchers relied on official statistical data and interview data. Results 

reveal that secure detention is used for various reasons across districts, including: age, mental 

health status, substance abuse issues, identification of needed medical attention, family 

situation, and prior record. Interviews showed wide disagreement on the definition of 

alternatives to secure confinement, mixed reports on the effectiveness of alternatives, and the 

absence of a standardized system of alternatives across the eight districts. 

MAINE 

MAINE JUVENILE RECIDIVISM REPORT 1998-2001 

Moire Kenny 


Maine Department of Corrections (DOC) data were used to examine trends in the crimes for 

which juveniles were adjudicated in the state of Maine between1998 and 2001. The report 

focused on first-time offenders and the offenses for which they were adjudicated as well as 

recidivist offenders (juveniles adjudicated for a second time in Maine before the age of 18). 

Differences in juvenile offenders and offenses were examined by county and gender, and the 

report included a detailed examination of juveniles’ adjudicated for sex offenses. Maine 

experienced a 43% increase in the number of juveniles adjudicated for first time between 1998 

and 2001, and a 34% increase in the number of adjudicated offenses. The increase in number of 

adjudicated offenses was solely due to an increase in adjudications for misdemeanor offenses. 

Adjudications for felony offenses decreased. The recidivism rate for each of the four cohorts at 

one year decreased from 20% in 1998 to 17% in 2001. 

PENNSYLVANIA 

COMMUNITIES THAT CARE SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM 

Mark Feinberg and Mark Greenburg 


This study is part of research intended to provide an evaluation of process, short-term 

outcomes, and diffusion/institutionalization of programs under the Communities That Care 

(CTC) initiative. A Web-based self-assessment system (SAS) was developed that could later be 

used by CTC sites for self-assessment and for implementing the system with the majority of 

34

CTC sites, generating individual site reports based on results, gathering feedback about the 

process and value of the SAS reports, and training site consultants in system operation. This 

report presents findings from the Web-based questionnaire concerning CTC board members’ 

perceptions of CTC and program functioning comparing 2004 results with 2003 results. 

KIDSVOICE SHORTER AND LONGER TERM OUTCOMES FOR THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM MODEL: 

DEVELOPMENT AND POTENTIAL MEASURES 

Mary Ohmer and Jennifer Zajac 


This report summarizes the development of outcomes and potential measures for the KidsVoice 

multidisciplinary team approach for evaluation purposes. The evaluation design addressed 

process, short-term outcomes, and long-term outcomes. Focus groups were used for the 

development of outcomes as well as an outcome working group. Short-term outcomes include 

child clients being aware of and less anxious about court procedures, ongoing communication 

between staff and clients, relationships between stakeholders and KidsVoice staff, and making 

informed recommendations and service plans that meet client needs. Long-term outcomes 

include meeting the needs of clients and stakeholder/staff relationships. 

LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE: PHILADELPHIA’S PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND 

EVALUATION SYSTEM 

P. Griffin 


This report provides information on ProDES, a statewide system that collects and reports 

outcome information on juvenile delinquency programming in the state. ProDES was initiated 

in the early 1990s and was fully implemented in 1994 to serve as a solution to incomplete 

information on community-based programs for youths in Philadelphia. Program staff were 

responsible for collecting in-depth information on youths upon entering a program, and again 

before they left a program. Participation in ProDES among programs was voluntary; for those 

who agreed to participation, data were collected at four points: disposition, program intake, 

discharge, and six-month follow-up. Over time, a series of risk classification tools and 

appropriate performance measures have been created as a result of the ProDES system. A next 

step will include improved matching of youths to the best programs to meet their needs. 

VERMONT 

DETERMINANTS OF LENGTH OF STAY AT WOODSIDE JUVENILE DETENTION CENTER 

Marcia Bellas and William Clements 

April 2004, 32 pp. 

This study focused on factors associated with length of stay in Vermont’s secure juvenile 

detention facility in 2002 and 2003. Regression analyses identified that the following official 

system factors were associated with longer lengths of stay: admission for particular behaviors, 

35

type and number of prior placements, being male, and area of residence. Surveyed judges and 

juvenile justice agency staff believed that the lack of alternatives to secure detention was the 

primary determinant of length of stay. Recommendations included: reduce the use of secure 

detention when alternatives are available, increase the system’s ability to provide short-term 

detention, and develop objective measures to determine when to use secure detention. 

WEST VIRGINIA 

WEST VIRGINIA JUVENILE ARREST REPORT 2000-2002 

Erica Turley and Stephen M Haas 

July 2004, 12 pp. 

This report summarizes the arrest trends among juveniles in West Virginia from 2000 to 2002. 

Juvenile arrests fell 27% during the past three years and remain substantially lower than the 

national average. Between 2000 and 2002, youths were most often arrested for nonindex crimes; 

65% of arrests were for nonindex crimes and 35% were for index crimes. While males were 

arrested more frequently than females, females comprised a fairly large proportion of index 

crime arrestees. Females were responsible for 15% of the violent crime index and 35% of the 

property crime index. For nonindex crime arrests, minority males showed the steepest decline, 

although all categories (minority females, nonminority females, and nonminority males) 

showed drops in nonindex crime arrests. Almost 65% of the arrests were made in 9 of the 55 

counties in the state; 13 counties reported fewer than 10 arrests during 2002. 

WEST VIRGINIA JUVENILE COURT STATISTICS: 2001-2003 

C. A. Hamilton, Stephen M. Haas, and Erica Turley 


This report summarizes statewide statistics on juvenile court processes and outcomes for 

delinquency and status offenses from 2001-2003. The typical juvenile to appear before the court 

was male, disproportionately minority, and from a single parent home. Most cases brought to 

the court were handled informally; minorities were more likely than whites to be charged with 

a delinquency and whites were more likely than minorities to be charged with a status offense. 

Assault was the most frequently handled delinquency charge, and truancy was the most 

frequently handled status offense. Despite the lower rate of appearance in court for females, 

they were more likely to be charged with person or property offenses than males were. For all 

other offenses, males were more likely than females to be charged. 

36

LAW ENFORCEMENT 

ALASKA 

THE POLICE ALCOHOL-RELATED SERVICES STUDY (PASS): A STUDY OF THE INTERSECTION OF 

PUBLIC ALCOHOL USE AND ROUTINE POLICE PATROL 

Brad A Mystrol and Robert H. Langworthy 

June 2004, 35 pp. 

This descriptive report was drafted for the Anchorage Police Department (APD) in response to 

a request for an empirical investigation of the overall impact alcohol use by the public has on 

APD. It contains information gathered from the Police Alcohol-Related Services Study (PASS), 

an observational study exploring the intersection of public alcohol consumption and patrol 

work in Anchorage, Alaska. PASS provides an in-depth look at how alcohol use affects one 

dimension of the police function in Anchorage: patrol work. Routine patrol was chosen as the 

study’s focus because it represents the heart of contemporary policing. All sworn police officers, 

from the chief on down the chain of command, share the experience of having worked as a 

patrol officer. 

ILLINOIS 

A PROFILE OF THE AUTO THEFT ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM 


12 pp. 

The auto theft enforcement program combats auto theft and insurance fraud by combining 

multiple law enforcement agencies to create task forces. These reports discuss task force activity 

and provide an overview of the vehicle theft problem in each area, a program summary, 

program activity, and a funding summary. 

CAPS AT TEN COMMUNITY POLICING IN CHICAGO: AN EVALUATION OF CHICAGO’S 

ALTERNATIVE POLICING STRATEGY 

The Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium 


This report examines the progress of CAPS over more than 10 years of implementation. An 

analysis of beat meetings and district advisory committees is conducted to identify what has 

been learned about citizen involvement in CAPS. Citizen fear of crime and perception of quality 

of police services are assessed and crime trends are examined. This report also presents a look at 

conditions in the Latin community in Chicago. An analysis of new management initiatives is 

also included. 

37

MAINE 

LINCOLN COUNTY, MAINE WEED AND SEED: AN IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION OF A RURAL 

CRIME PREVENTION PROJECT 

George Shaler 

July 2004, 52 pp. 

The Maine SAC conducted an evaluation of a new Weed and Seed project in Lincoln County, 

Maine. The Lincoln County Weed and Seed strategy focused on implementing the Enhanced 

Neighborhood Policing (ENP) curriculum of community policing among all county law 

enforcement agencies. 

As part of the evaluative process, the Maine SAC surveyed law enforcement personnel in two 

nearby counties that have a longer track record with the ENP model. Law enforcement officers 

in these two counties were concerned with the perceived effectiveness of ENP training and 

strategy and the effectiveness of community advisory group participation in crime prevention 

efforts. Among the survey findings: respondents felt there was an improved community 

perception of police, and job satisfaction was higher after training. 

Several elements of the study suggest a cautious approach should be taken in drawing 

conclusions from this paper. The study was conducted early in the implementation process, 

making respondents only able to judge the expected effectiveness of the training or strategy, not 

the actual effectiveness. Additionally, the number of officers trained (31) was not large and the 

number surveyed was less (13 of the 31). Overall, the report serves as an interesting starting 

point for what should be a multiyear effort. 

MISSISSIPPI 

RESULTS OF THE 2003 SURVEY OF MISSISSIPPI LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES 

R.A. Thompson, E. M. Corzine, K. A.Carter, and A. Trowbridge 


This report presents data in table format collected by a survey of Mississippi law enforcement 

agencies. The survey was distributed to all municipal, county, institutional, and state 

authorized police agencies. It examined agency operations, use of equipment, computers and 

information systems, personnel, financial information, policies and programs, and 

needs/concerns. 

NEBRASKA 

TRAFFIC STOPS IN NEBRASKA 

Michael Overton, Eva Shepherd, and Nancy Comer 

March 2004, 13 pp. 

The Nebraska Legislature passed an act prohibiting racial profiling and requiring law 

enforcement agencies to collect data relating to traffic stops. This report, the second of its kind, 

38

presents an aggregate account of such data collected in 2002 and 2003, including number of 

motor vehicle stops, race and ethnicity of individuals stopped, the law violated prompting the 

stop, what action was taken by the officer (i.e., citation, search, arrest), reported allegations of 

racial profiling, and the outcome of the review of those allegations. Data were submitted by 237 

Nebraska agencies in 2002 and 218 agencies in 2003. Stops involving minority drivers more 

often resulted in searches and a higher percentage of stops leading to arrest than for white 

drivers, with black drivers having the highest rate of arrest. 


LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES TO A GROWING INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY 

Carmen Mendoza, Stephen Brochu, Juan Garrido, Diego Anselmo, Michael Nguyen, Aksone 

Inthisone, Michael Deal, Brian Whitworth 


In 2000, the Charlotte-Mecklenburg police department started an International Relations unit to 

deal with the growing international population in North Carolina. This publication focuses on 

the development process and operation of the International Relations Unit, immigration trends 

and challenges they create for providing effective law enforcement, and ways to address the 

needs of a growing international community. 

RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION STUDY SERIES: TELECOMMUNICATION OFFICERS 

Douglas Yearwood 


This study is part of a series that examined issues of recruitment and retention of personnel in 

North Carolina’s public safety agencies. This report focuses on telecommunication officers. A 

survey instrument was distributed to a sample of telecommunication centers. The survey 

included questions about recruitment techniques and strategies, number of job applicants, the 

extent of waiting lists, level of aggressiveness, and retention issues including employee 

turnover rate, ways to retain personnel, effectiveness, and reasons officers leave. The majority of 

respondents felt their agency’s recruitment was neutral (i.e., neither aggressive nor passive), 

with the most frequently employed and effective technique being word of mouth. The most 

popular retention technique was annual pay increases, with poor salaries being the top reason 

agencies lose telecommunication officers. The study also examined differences between the 

responding agencies in regard to their recruitment techniques and retention rates based on the 

level of recruitment aggressiveness and employee attrition. The report concludes with a 

discussion of the policy implications of the study findings and recommendations. 

39

RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION OF SWORN SHERIFF’S PERSONNEL 

Douglas L. Yearwood 

Fall 2004, 12 pp. 

This study is part of a series that examined issues of recruitment and retention of personnel in 

North Carolina’s public safety agencies. This report focuses on sworn personnel from sheriff’s 

offices. A survey instrument was distributed to a sample of sheriff’s offices. The survey 

included questions about recruitment techniques and strategies, number of job applicants, the 

extent of waiting lists, and level of aggressiveness, as well as retention issues including 

employee turnover rate, ways to retain personnel, effectiveness, and reasons officers leave. The 

majority of respondents felt that their agency had a neutral recruitment strategy (neither 

passive nor aggressive), with the most frequently used technique being word of mouth. The 

most popular retention strategy was having and using a fair and vigorous promotion system. 

The top two reasons given for attrition in agencies were budget restrictions and lateral transfers 

to other law enforcement agencies. Policy implications are included as well as 

recommendations for dealing with the issues presented. 

PENNSYLVANIA 

AN EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING (COPS) TRAINING PROVIDED BY THE 

PENNSYLVANIA CHIEFS OF POLICE ASSOCIATION 

Karen Shastri and Holly Wald 


The goal of the COPS seminars was to increase proactive law enforcement in participating 

municipalities and to build on seminars offered in various regions. The purpose of this 

evaluation was to determine the success of the seminars relating to local law enforcement 

activities and in meeting community needs. The focus was on program participants and amount 

of training received, reasons for participating in training, types and sources of training, location 

and factors affecting participation, level of satisfaction, link between training and 

implementation of community policing, effect of resources on implementation, and costs and 

benefits. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained through a mail survey of 

participants, site visits, cost survey, and a telephone survey of nonparticipants. Findings 

indicate that the seminars were effective and that they were similar to COPS trainings around 

the country. More than three fourths of participants were either satisfied or very satisfied with 

the training received. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA POLICE ACCREDITATION EVALUATION 

John Krimmel, Donna Kochis, Paul Lindenmuth, and Peter Morreale 

2004, 301 pp. 

This study evaluated the police accreditation program in Pennsylvania. Using a quasiexperimental 

design, the evaluation focused on the impact of the program on police 

performance, police/community relations, changes in public perceptions, and challenges to 

ordinary police procedures. The level of challenges created by the accreditation process was 

also examined. Police chiefs were interviewed concerning reasons for joining the program or 

40

eluctance to join. Citizens were surveyed to measure their satisfaction with police department 

activity and their perceptions of police. Officers in accredited departments were surveyed to 

measure job satisfaction and compared with officers from nonaccredited departments. A time 

series analysis was also completed on criminal activity in both accredited and nonaccredited 

department jurisdictions and results were compared. Police chiefs interviewed indicated that 

the accreditation process was expensive and time consuming, but that it did professionalize the 

department and lowered risk of lawsuits. Differing levels of job satisfaction were found in the 

various departments throughout the state as well as differences in the impact of accreditation 

on crime in the various jurisdictions. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

ALASKA 

ALASKA JUSTICE SYSTEM EXPENDITURES, 1984 - 2001 

Alaska Justice Center 

Summer 2004 

This brief article examines justice system operating expenditures in Alaska from 1984 – 2001. 

The article finds that justice system expenditures have been increasing much more quickly than 

the overall state budget, largely due to the steep rise in the correctional budget. Budget amounts 

for individual departments for the time period under study are presented. 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 

2003 CRIMINAL JUSTICE COORDINATING COUNCIL ANNUAL REPORT 

District of Columbia Criminal Justice Coordinating Council. 

April 2004, 

This is the second annual report of the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council (CJCC). The CJCC 

is a congressionally mandated vehicle put in place to facilitate cooperation and support among 

its member agencies. In order to fulfill its mission, the CJCC requested and encouraged criminal 

justice, human/social services, employment, and housing agencies to meet the challenges that 

confront them as they attempt to address the needs of District of Columbia citizens. 

41

IDAHO 

FEAR OF CRIME: HOW SAFE DO IDAHOANS FEEL? 

Misty Kifer 


This study examines Idaho residents’ perception of vulnerability to crime and safety. Data were 

collected using the fifth Idaho Crime Victimization Survey. Five questions were added to the 

survey, which was distributed to 1,265 households. The questions asked how safe respondents 

felt walking in their neighborhood during the day and at night and whether they thought crime 

in the state and in their neighborhood had increased, decreased, or stayed the same within the 

past 12 months. The majority of respondents felt safe walking in their neighborhood and 

perceived that crime in Idaho had increased, yet in their neighborhood it had stayed the same. 

ILLINOIS 

2004-2007 STATEWIDE MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT PREVENTION STRATEGY 

78 pp. 

The motor vehicle theft prevention council awards grants to those who implement programs to 

combat or prevent theft. This report describes the problem of vehicle theft in Illinois, where the 

problem is greater, particular issues the council should focus on, and what programs should be 

supported. In this strategy the council relays intent to continue to support law enforcement 

infrastructure programs, investigation training for police officers, and the collection and 

dissemination of data. Also included are council duties, discussion of funding, public input and 

review, and an analysis of vehicle theft data. 

ILLINOIS MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT PREVENTION COUNCIL 2003 ANNUAL REPORT 

24 pp. 

This report provides information about the Illinois Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Council, 

including an overview of supported programs from 1992-2003, a financial statement, and a list 

of contributors to the council fund. It also presents vehicle theft trends, recoveries, and arrests. 

Thirteen programs were funded in 2003. There were 1,832 investigations, 982 arrests, and 359 

convictions in 2003 as a result of council-funded programs. 

PENNSYLVANIA 

EVALUATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADVISORY BOARDS FOR PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION ON 

CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 

Robert W. Tobin and Anne M. Jones 


This evaluation is based on the surveying of seven Criminal Justice Advisory Boards (CJABs) in 

Pennsylvania. Although the boards differ from county to county, they come under a common 

42

definition. This evaluation examined CJABs to determine the extent to which they should be 

regulated or mandated to achieve standardization and also served as a means for new CJABs to 

learn from the experiences of others. The seven participating boards were chosen on the basis of 

specific criteria, and site visits were made to those seven counties. Board members were 

surveyed to identify CJAB origins and development, leadership, staffing, facilitation, 

membership, communication, role, process, issues, and success. CJABs were found to improve 

communication within the criminal justice system, generate new ideas and funding strategies, 

and effect improvements in the system. 

RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT 

ALASKA 

FORCIBLE RAPES AND SEXUAL ASSAULTS IN ANCHORAGE 

Andre Rosay 

Winter 2004, 4 pp. 

This article examines the occurrence of rape and sexual assault in Anchorage in 2000 and 2001. 

Data were collected regarding the victim, the offender, and the offense, including demographic 

information, victim/offender relationship, location, and use of alcohol. Findings indicate that 

victims are usually between the ages of 15 and 19 (offenders between 20 and 24), know their 

attacker, and are assaulted in a private residence. 

HAWAII 

SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIMS IN HONOLULU: A STATISTICAL PROFILE 

Department of the Attorney General, Crime Prevention and Justice Assistance Division 

July 2004, 66 pp. 

Sexual Assault Victims in Honolulu provides a descriptive analysis of 5,095 sexual assault victims 

who received treatment or services through the Sex Abuse Treatment Center in Honolulu from 

mid-1990 through mid-2001. The average victim age in the sample is 18; females, who represent 

90% of the victims, average 18 years old, and males average 10 years old. Most victims were 

assaulted by someone they knew and the majority of assaults did not involve a weapon. From 

1990 to 2001, the number of Caucasian victims has decreased, with a corresponding increase in 

the percentage of Hawaiian/part-Hawaiian victims. 

43

MINNESOTA 

OJP FACT SHEET: RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT 



This fact sheet presents information on rape/sexual assault for both the United States and 

Minnesota. Specifically, National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data for sexual assault 

victims, sexual assault survey results from the Minnesota student survey, and data from the 

2003 Student Health and Safety Survey conducted at the University of Minnesota during 2003 

are provided. Statistics on victim programs in Minnesota, including number of programs for 

sexual assault victims in Minnesota, number of victims served by the programs, and the ages 

and race of the victims participating in the programs, are also provided. 

NEW MEXICO 

CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE ON NEW MEXICO TRIBAL LAND 

Paul D. Steele, Nell Damon, and Kristine Denman 


This publication looks at the characteristics of reported sexual abuse among Native Americans 

in New Mexico using 1999 – May 2003 data collected by the Safehouse of Albuquerque, the 

Children’s Advocacy Center in the area. The Safehouse maintains a database of information 

gathered via forensic interviews with suspected victims of child sexual abuse and includes 

information on any resulting prosecution. Data for 428 victims from 9 of the 22 Tribal 

reservations are included and were compared to 3,311 non-Tribal victims. 

The study found that fewer of the Native American victims reporting abuse were male than 

non-Tribal victims, and Native American victims were more likely to be living with 

friends/relatives outside the home at the time of the report. The gender of the suspected 

offender is more likely to be male in cases involving Native Americans, and the offender is 

more likely to be an extended family member. 

SEX OFFENDERS 

COLORADO 

REPORT ON SAFETY ISSUES RAISED BY LIVING ARRANGEMENTS FOR AND LOCATION OF SEX 

OFFENDERS IN THE COMMUNITY 

Colorado Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Domestic Violence and Sex Offender 

Management 

March 2004, 41 pp. 

This report presents findings from a study conducted to examine public safety issues 

44

surrounding the living arrangements of probationers convicted of a sex offense in the Denver, 

Colorado, metropolitan area. The study primarily focused on answering whether the living 

arrangements of sex offenders had an impact on community safety, especially if the residences 

were located in close proximity to schools and childcare centers. Although there were 

limitations to this study, the study did produce findings and recommendations that could be 

used by the Colorado Sex Offender Management Board to create guidelines for living 

arrangements of persons convicted of sex offenses. 

MINNESOTA 

OJP FACT SHEET: SEX OFFENDERS 

Minnesota Statistical Analysis Center 


A definition of sexual assault under Minnesota Law and statistics relating to sex offenders and 

sex offender recidivism in the United States are provided. Sex offender treatment programs in 

the United States, Canada, and Minnesota are reviewed. Information is provided concerning the 

development of sentencing practices for sex offenders in Minnesota. In addition, sentencing 

practices for felony criminal sexual conduct in Minnesota is provided. The Minnesota Predatory 

Offender Registry is discussed along with the Community Notification Law. Information 

concerning the sex offender treatment program operated by Minnesota is also discussed. 

VICTIMS/VICTIMIZATION 

ALABAMA 

2003 JUVENILE VICTIMS OF VIOLENT CRIME 

State of Alabama Criminal Justice Information Center 

June 2004, 12 pp. 

This publication provides tables of data describing the 2,390 juvenile victims of violent crime in 

Alabama in 2003. Basic findings show that 13% of the victims of violent offenses in the state 

were juveniles; 14 of these were victims of homicide. Juveniles make up 12% of the victims of 

simple assaults. Just over half of the juvenile victims were female (54%), and most were black 

(56%). Hands, fists, or feet were the most commonly reported weapons (54%), while firearms 

were reported in 19% of the offenses. Over one third of the juvenile victims (37%) reported an 

injury. Most of the juvenile victims (67%) were acquainted with or related to the offender. In 

only 29% of the offenses was the offender also a juvenile. Roughly half of the offenses (53%) 

occurred at a residence and only 65 occurred at a school. 

45

ARIZONA 

FY 02/03 SUMMARY OF ACTIVITY: CRIME VICTIM ASSISTANCE PROGRAM AND CRIME VICTIM 

COMPENSATION PROGRAM 



Arizona’s Crime Victim Assistance Program provides grant funding to private, nonprofit 

organizations and government agencies to support the delivery of services to crime victims. In 

FY 02/03, the Commission awarded a total of $900,000 to 46 agencies. These 46 grantees 

provided 306,883 victim services to 27,692 crime victims in Arizona. The Crime Victim 

Compensation Program assists crime victims with out-of-pocket expenses for crime-related 

services. In FY 02/03, 1,903 victim compensation claims were submitted statewide and 1,538 

were approved for awards. The average award was $1,736 per claim. Additional details on 

individual grant recipients are available in the report. 

IDAHO 

ELDERLY VICTIMS OF CRIME 

Salvador P. Vazquez 

July 2004, 6 pp. 

This publication examines data from the 2003 Idaho Crime Victimization Survey, focusing on 

respondents age 65 and older to identify the types of crime victimization typically affecting the 

elderly. According to the 323 surveys completed by this population, property crime increased in 

2003, despite a general decrease seen across the state for the general population. The elderly 

population, however, experienced less violent crime than was reported by the general 

population. The report also found that the elderly population is the least affected by domestic 

violence. The elderly population reported being more fearful of crime than the general 

population, but expressed more satisfaction with police services. 

IDAHO CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY 2003 

Salvador P. Vazquez, Janeena Jamison Wing, and Misty Kifer 

2004, 65 pp. 

The fifth Idaho Crime Victimization Survey was conducted from June to July 2003. A total of 

1,265 households participated in the survey. Respondents were asked about the 12 months 

immediately preceding the date of the survey and only those 18 or older were included. The 

instrument was designed to elicit information using standard questions regarding property and 

violent crime, and was modeled after the National Crime Victimization Survey. Findings 

indicate that property crimes, violent crimes (excluding murder), child abuse, and 

sexual/gender harassment have all decreased from previous years. Murder crimes (threatened 

and attempted, not actual), and domestic violence have increased. 

46


NOTIFYING AND INFORMING VICTIMS OF CRIME: AN EVALUATION OF NORTH CAROLINA’S 

SAVAN SYSTEM 

Caroline Larson and Douglas L. Yearwood 

2004, 20 pp. 

The North Carolina Criminal Justice Analysis Center recently conducted a process and impact 

evaluation study of SAVAN, North Carolina’s Statewide Automated Victim Assistance and 

Notification system, which was created with the goal of providing information about offender 

movement to victims of crime. A 22-question survey with both process and impact sections was 

given to sheriff’s and state district attorneys offices. Surveys were also administered to victims 

who had previously used the SAVAN system. Survey participants agreed that the SAVAN 

system has substantially improved the ability to track offenders for both members of the 

criminal justice system and for crime victims and their families. 

VIOLENT CRIME/OFFENDERS 

ARIZONA 

VIOLENCE IMPACT PROJECT: A MULTI-GOVERNMENT IMPROVEMENT PLAN 

Vince Webb, Chares M. Katz, Connie Kostelac, and Steve Balance, Arizona Criminal Justice 

Commission 


This is an evaluation of the Central City Violence Impact Project (VIP). The project was a 

collaboration of many agencies with the purpose of reducing violent crime in Phoenix by 

combining VIP, which was a local violence reduction strategy, with Project Safe 

Neighborhoods. This evaluation incorporates three approaches to measuring the effectiveness 

of the VIP. A comparative analysis was completed using crime rates for the time period of 

implementation, four years prior, and a neighboring precinct. Police officers were also surveyed 

about how they viewed the project. Finally, citizen focus groups measured how community 

members viewed the impact of the project on their neighborhood and level of crime. Findings 

indicated that the project area had a greater decrease in crime than any other precinct during 

the implementation period. Officers felt that the strategy was an effective tool in reducing 

violent crime and that a maintenance program was needed to maintain the impact when the 

project ended. Citizens had an overall sense that crime had decreased and agreed that there was 

definitely a greater visibility of officers in the neighborhood. 

47

ILLINOIS 

DEVELOPING PROFILES OF VIOLENT OFFENDERS AND IDENTIFYING GROUPS OF VIOLENT 

OFFENDERS AT HIGH RISK OF RECIDIVISM AND TREATMENT FAILURE 

L. J. Stalans, M. Seng, and M. Repp, Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority 


In 2000 the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority collaborated with the Administrative 

Office of the Illinois Courts to identify groups of violent offenders at high risk of recidivism and 

treatment failure. Differences between violent probationers and other probationers were 

examined. Logistic regression and classification tree analyses were conducted to examine and 

develop profiles of violent offenders sentenced to probation in Illinois. A number of findings 

from the study are discussed in detail. Implications regarding reassessing policies that often 

limit violent probationer participation in community-based treatment programs are presented. 

Implications for the risk assessment and domestic violence literature are also discussed. 

IOWA 

VIOLENT OFFENDER RECIDIVISM IN IOWA 

The Iowa Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning 

June 2004, 49 pp. 

This report summarizes recidivism statistics of imprisoned Iowa inmates whose most serious 

offense was for a crime against persons during FY96, FY98, and FY00. Because conducting more 

in-depth analysis of violent offender recidivism using interstate data was the primary research 

focus, the report summarizes extensive recidivism data collected through online access to 

multistate criminal history records. Various tables present findings for the categories of general 

recidivism findings, recidivism by release cohort, by sex, by race/ethnicity, by age at release, by 

release offense, by statistical risk, and new sex crime arrests. 


A STATISTICAL PROFILE OF PROJECT CEASEFIRE TARGET OFFENDERS 

Charles Bradberry and Diane Tester 

July 2004, 31 pp. 

This report provides a statistical description of a particular group of offenders. This group, 

referred to as 2211’s, is composed of high-risk offenders who had either two prior convictions 

for a violent crime, two prior convictions for a serious drug offense, or a combination of both. 

Data were collected on 4,355 offenders who met the above criteria, including gender, age, race, 

number of offenses, number of convictions, and status within the system. 

48

SOUTH CAROLINA VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION PROJECT: ORANGEBURG COUNTY PILOT PROJECT 

EVALUATION 

Tidwell and Associates, Inc. 

July 2004, 31 pp. 

This report is a follow-up to a previous evaluation report published in May 2003, which showed 

a 24% decrease in the violent crime rate in Orangeburg County from 2000-2002. The purpose of 

this evaluation was to determine whether the successes presented in the previous report had 

continued. Data were collected from six counties and compared to those from Orangeburg 

County. It was found that from 2000-2003, the violent crime rate decreased 33% and that 

clearance rates increased 53% during that same period. The project was considered to be 

successful in reducing violent crime. 

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SAC Publication Digest - May 2005 - Justice Research and Statistics ...

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