Physics, Astronomy and Space Science - University of Kent

Physics, Astronomy 

and Space Science

Physics, Astronomy and Space Science 

www.kent.ac.uk/physical-sciences/ 

Why come to Kent to study Physics, 

Astronomy and Space Science? 

Physics, astrophysics, 

astronomy and space 

studies are some of the 

most fascinating of all 

scientific disciplines. 

Physics reaches from the 

quark out to the largest 

of galaxies, encompassing 

the length, mass and 

time-scales within these 

two extremes. It is no 

surprise, then, that at the 

heart of a professional 

physicist is a fascination 

with, and a desire to 

understand, the ‘how and 

why’ of the material world 

around us. 

A more specialised area of study is 

astrophysics which emphasises the 

physical concepts of the stars and 

galaxies that make up the universe. 

Astronomy is one of the oldest 

sciences, practised by most of the 

world’s ancient civilisations, and 

one of the most modern, turning to 

high technology and the space 

programme for many of its most 

recent discoveries. Studying any, or 

all, of these areas can quickly take 

us to the frontiers of scientific 

knowledge. 

High league table rankings 

The School of Physical Sciences 

at Kent is joint 1st in the country for 

job prospects in the 2007 Guardian 

University Guide. 

Exciting range of topics 

At Kent, we offer you the chance to 

study all of the traditional areas of 

physics – from thermodynamics to 

quantum mechanics. And we also 

give you the chance to branch out 

into more unusual subjects, such as 

space studies and the structure of 

the universe – a fascinating area 

thanks to its constant stream of 

new discoveries. 

We bring innovative features into 

our teaching. In our projects, for 

example, physics is often applied to 

a range of situations from films, like 

destroying incoming meteorites. 

One group tested the physics of 

Robin Hood Prince of Thieves by 

building a scale model of a 

mangonel to see whether Kevin 

Costner would have been 

successfully catapulted over the 

fortress wall. 

Cutting-edge research 

Research at Kent is very strong, 

with a large number of staff and 

postgraduate students. Staff 

research is based in three different 

groups: the Functional Materials 

Group, where we work in a range of 

2



areas including bioactive materials; 

Applied Optics, where we are world 

leaders and work with the New York 

Eye and Ear Infirmary; and the 

Centre for Astrophysics and 

Planetary Science, where we 

conduct research for NASA and the 

European Space Agency and are 

leaders in astrobiology. 

A lot of our research feeds directly 

into our teaching, so that your 

studies are at the cutting edge of 

the subject. In the final year of the 

MPhys degree a combination of 

specialist modules and an 

attachment to one of our research 

teams opens up avenues for 

deeper exploration: you might find 

yourself involved in designing 

space probe instrumentation, firing 

mini meteorites into planetary 

surfaces; mapping the retina of a 

patient’s eye using fibre optics; 

modelling the atomic-scale 

structure of a new engineering 

material; or, taking the Channel 

Tunnel to Paris for neutronscattering 

work. For more 

information about our research 

projects, see p16. 

Did you know...? 

We are among the top ten 

universities in the UK for 

course satisfaction. In the 

2007 National Student Survey, 

89% of full-time students were 

‘overwhelmingly satisfied’ with 

the quality of their courses. 

“Physics is an excellent 

general degree. It gives 

you a solid science base 

which enables you to turn 

your hand to anything.” 

Mark Burchell, 

Professor of Space Science 

3



Stimulating atmosphere 

The School of Physical Sciences is 

a friendly department where all our 

students are known and their 

interests and strengths can 

flourish. Our department prides 

itself on its sociable and stimulating 

atmosphere. There is a lot of 

interaction between students and 

staff and one very popular facility is 

the Student Room, designed to give 

you a place to meet and to study. 

There are also Open Lectures 

that students are welcome to 

attend; in 2005, these included 

Nobel Laureate, Sir Anthony 

Leggett and Professor John 

Zarnecki, Principal Investigator on 

the Surface Science Package of the 

Huygens Mission to Titan. 

A year in the USA 

At Kent we have developed an 

exchange programme which means 

you can spend the third year of 

your degree studying in the USA. 

This gives you an excellent chance 

to witness their approach to 

physics. Over the years we have 

established a strong exchange 

programme with our partner 

universities which include the 

Pennsylvania State University on 

the east coast, the University of 

California in Santa Barbara and 

the University of Indiana at 

Bloomington. 

Flexible entry 

For those who do not have the 

formal entry requirements for our 

degree programme, we have 

devised a Foundation Year that 

prepares you for entry on to any of 

our BSc or MPhys programmes. 

This is ideal for mature students 

returning to full-time education and 

also suitable for those who may not 

have the grades required for direct 

entry on to the degree programme. 

For more information on the 

Foundation Year please see p5. 

Key employment skills 

We want our graduates to be wellequipped 

for the challenges of the 

working world. As well as giving 

you a solid grounding in your 

subject, we also aim to provide you 

with the key skills that can be vital 

to a successful career. As a 

scientist, it is important that you are 

able to communicate effectively, so 

we teach students how to give 

presentations, write technical 

information in an accessible way, 

and work effectively within a group. 

You also become proficient in Word, 

Excel and PowerPoint. For final year 

MPhys students, we even simulate 

a scientific conference, to show you 

what it might be like to participate 

in the national or international 

scientific community. 

4



“In their final-year 

research project, students 

become closely involved 

in contemporary 

research. In my research 

team – which is focused 

on understanding 

modern materials at an 

atomistic level – we’ve 

had students whose 

project work has given 

rise to papers in research 

journals and has 

been presented 

at international 

conferences.” 

Good career prospects 

According to employment statistics, 

Kent graduates are doing better 

than ever in the changeable job 

market. Physics provides an 

excellent basis for many jobs and 

our graduates’ careers bear this 

out. Recent graduates have gone 

on to work in a wide range of 

areas including research and 

development, technical 

management, the City and financial 

institutions, computing, software 

design, the media and teaching. 

Financial assistance 

The degrees at Kent are accredited 

by the Institute of Physics which 

means that you are eligible to apply 

for a means-tested bursary offered 

by the Institute. These bursaries are 

worth up to £1000 a year and 

available to British and Irish students 

entering university in 2008 or 2009. 

In addition, Kent’s School of 

Physical Sciences offers an 

academic scholarship worth £1000 

per year. For more details, see p9. 

Bob Newport, 

Professor of 

Materials Physics 

Did you know…? 

the School of Physical 

Sciences is joint 1st in the 

country for job prospects 

in the 2007 Guardian 

University Guide. 

5

“The foundation course 

gives people the best 

possible chance to do a 

degree programme and 

some have gone on to 

get a first class honours 

degree.” 

Chris Solomon, 

Reader in Physics 

6



Choosing your 

programme 

You can take most physicsrelated 

subjects as either a 

three-year BSc or four-year 

MPhys degree. You also 

have some flexibility 

to switch between 

programmes during your 

first year of study. 

The BSc programme offers a broad 

training in physics and provides an 

ideal preparation for a wide range 

of careers in the manufacturing and 

service industries, education, the 

media and the financial sector. 

In the MPhys programme, core 

knowledge and skills are enhanced 

with the further in-depth training 

required for a science-based 

career, including the practical 

aspects of the research process 

and major projects within the 

School’s research groups. 

Physics 

This offers you the broadest training 

in physics and allows you the 

maximum choice of options. 

Physics with Astrophysics 

In this degree, core physics is 

supplemented by astrophysics 

courses linking these developments 

to the expertise of University staff, 

ranging from solar system 

exploration through stellar formation 

and collapse to the structure and 

evolution of the universe. You could 

choose this subject if you find 

excitement in exploring the universe 

but also appreciate the need for 

down-to-earth training in physics. 

Physics with Space 

Science and Systems 

Since the launch of the first artificial 

satellite in 1957, space technology 

and space science have played an 

increasingly important role in 

human activities. Staff in the Centre 

for Astrophysics and Planetary 

Science have been closely involved 

with European, American and 

Japanese interplanetary and near- 

Earth missions. The specialist 

modules cover all aspects of 

spacecraft design and operation 

and emphasise the importance of 

the interrelationships between 

different spacecraft systems. They 

introduce aspects of space 

business, project management and 

related topics which will prepare 

graduates for employment in 

space-related industries. 

Physics with Forensic Science 

This unique degree gives you the 

chance to combine the study of 

physics with the applications it has 

in solving a range of problems from 

air crashes to blood splatter 

patterns. By combining the 

practical techniques of the forensic 

scientist with a good background in 

physics, you develop a broad and 

useful range of skills. This course is 

for those who have an interest in 

forensic science and realise that 

combining that interest with a 

physics degree gives you a real 

advantage in the field as well as 

offering a fascinating degree. We 

have an innovative research team in 

facial recognition, developing new 

methods for producing an image of 

a suspect’s face. For more 

information see page 15. 

Astronomy, Space Science 

and Astrophysics 

This is a fantastic programme for 

those who are inspired by the 

wonders and vastness of the 

universe. In this course there are 

opportunities to investigate the 

possibilities of life elsewhere in the 

universe. You get involved with real 

space missions from ESA and 

NASA and can work on real Hubble 

Telescope data. 

Year in the USA 

Those on a four-year MPhys 

programme can opt to spend their 

third year in the USA. 

BSc Honours degree with 

Foundation Year 

This four-year programme is 

designed for students who do 

not possess the formal entry 

requirements for a physics degree 

– or overseas students who require 

additional preparation in science 

or English language. The 

mathematics, physics, electronics, 

computing and laboratory practical 

work provide an ideal preparation 

for any of our BSc or MPhys 

programmes. 

7



Studying 

at Stage 1 

Stage 1 represents the 

first year of your degree. 

The following modules are 

compulsory for all first year 

students: 

• Skills for Physicists 

• Mathematics 

• Physics 

• Astrophysics, Space Science 

and Cosmology. 

In addition students taking Physics 

with Forensic Science take: 

• Molecules, Matter and Energy 

• Introduction to Forensic Science. 

All other students take: 

• Computing Skills 

• Disasters (for students with 

A level maths or students who 

have passed the Physics 

Foundation Year) 

Modules: Stage 1 

Skills for Physicists 

This module provides you with the 

basic experimental, statistical, data 

analysis, and communication skills 

required in physics. You develop a 

range of subject-specific and key 

transferable skills including ICT and 

communication skills in addition to 

experimental laboratory skills in 

physics. 

Mathematics 

This module aims to provide you 

with the necessary mathematical 

tools to enable a deeper 

understanding of physics, and to 

lay a firm foundation in maths so 

you can make confident progress 

into the more advanced 

mathematical subjects. It covers 

derivatives and integrals, 

elementary functions, functions of a 

single variable, complex numbers, 

vectors, matrices, differential 

equations, partial derivatives, 

differentials and integrals, polar 

co-ordinates and vector calculus. 

Physics 

The module gives you an 

introduction to the foundations of 

physics and forms a firm basis on 

which you can build in later years of 

your degree. You gain an 

understanding of the law and 

concepts of mechanics, waves, 

electromagnetism and 

thermodynamics and their 

application to the study of 

properties of solids and gases, 

electrical circuits and optics. 

Astrophysics, Space Sciences 

and Cosmology 

A basic background in astrophysics 

is provided in this module, covering 

subjects ranging from the sun and 

the solar system to stars and stellar 

systems. It also introduces you to 

particle physics and cosmology. 

The space sciences aspect 

concentrates on space missions 

and exploring the solar system. 

Molecules, Matter and Energy 

Covering topics including 

thermodynamics; atomic and 

molecular structure; and gases, 

liquids, solutions and solids, this 

module ensures you have the ability 

to demonstrate knowledge and 

understanding of essential facts, 

concepts, principles and theories 

and enables you to solve qualitative 

and quantitative problems. 

Introduction to Forensic Science 

This module looks at the role of 

forensic scientists and the 

procedures they are involved in at 

crime scenes. Topics include: 

evidence and the scene of the 

crime; document examination; fires, 

explosions and firearms; drugs of 

abuse, alcohol and forensic 

toxicology; body fluids; the 

presentation of forensic evidence. 

8

Bursaries 

and 

scholarships 

Computing Skills 

The module introduces you to the 

concept of programming 

languages, and to Fortran in 

particular. You learn how to use the 

UNIX operating system, including 

the text editor, the directory system, 

basic utilities, and the edit-compilerun 

cycle. You also learn library 

routines such as NAG and graph 

plotting using GNUPLOT. 

Disasters 

(For students with A level maths or 

who have passed the Foundation 

year.) You study disasters, both 

‘natural’ and as a result of human 

participation, for example shipping 

disasters, the Chernobyl explosion, 

impacts from space and stock 

market crashes. Through this study 

you develop a perspective on 

scientific reasoning and are 

encouraged to reflect on the 

limitations of science and the 

limited scope of judgements in 

scientific and technical contexts. 

Institute of Physics 

Our degrees at Kent are accredited 

by the Institute of Physics which 

means that Kent students are 

eligible to apply for a means-tested 

bursary offered by the Institute. The 

bursaries are up to £1000 a year 

and available to British and Irish 

students who are studying physics 

in the UK and Ireland and entering 

university in 2008 or 2009. For 

details see http://education.iop.org/ 

Schools/suptstu/ubs.html 

University of Kent 

Kent’s School of Physical Sciences 

offers a scholarship worth £1000 

per year to an exceptional student 

in the School of Physical Science. 

Students who expect to attain 

300 points at A/AS level (or its 

equivalent) can apply by submitting 

a portfolio of experimental lab or 

project reports, (between five and 

10 pages long). If you wish, these 

may be taken from a current or a 

previous course. We are looking for 

evidence of exceptional 

experimental skills as well as an 

insightful analysis of laboratory 

data. 

Initially, the scholarship is awarded 

for the first year of full-time study. It 

can be then renewed on a year-byyear 

basis, for the duration of the 

full-time degree programme. 

However, to renew the scholarship 

the student needs to achieve a 

distinction at the end of each stage 

of study. 

9



Studying at 

Stages 2 

Stage 2 represents the 

second year of your 

degree programme. 

Students taking the BSc or 

MPhys in Physics, Physics with 

Astrophysics, Physics with Space 

Science and Systems or Physics 

with Forensic Science take the 

following modules: 

• Physics Laboratory II (two units) 

• Quantum Physics 

• Atomic and Nuclear Physics 

• Optics and Electromagnetism 

• Medical Physics 

• Mathematical Techniques and 

Differential Equations. 

Students taking Physics, Physics 

with a Year in the USA, or MPhys 

also take one of the following: 

• The Multiwavelength Universe 

and Exoplanets 

• Spacecraft Design and 

Operations 

• Forensic Physical Methods. 

Students taking Physics with 

Astrophysics also take: 


and Exoplanets. 

10 

Students taking Physics with Space 

Science and Systems BSc or 

MPhys also take: 


Operations. 

Students taking Physics with 

Forensic Science may take 

modules such as: 

• Forensic Physical Methods 

• Forensic Ballistics and 

Collision Analysis. 

Astronomy, Space Science & 

Astrophysics students take the 


• Physics Lab II 

• Quantum Physics 

• Optics and Electromagnetism 

• Mathematical Techniques and 

Differential Equations 




Operations 

• Multimedia for Astronomy, 

Astrophysics and Planetary 

Science. 

“In my second year, I 

attended lectures by 

professional medical 

physicists. This was 

particularly useful. It 

gave me an insight into 

medical physics as a 

career.” 

Roxanne Potts, 

Trainee Medical Physicist, 

Maidstone NHS Trust 


Physics Laboratory II 

This double module gives you the 

opportunity to practise the 

necessary observational, recording, 

analytical and presentation skills 

required by a modern physicist. 

You carry out a series of extended 

experiments (each over a two-week 

period) and two communication 

exercises. 

Forensic Ballistics and 

Collision Analysis 

The topics include wounds 

and injury evidence, firearms 

identification, bullets and debris, 

laws of motion, vector resolution, 

and scene analysis. You build up 

a knowledge of major incident 

management with reference to 

forensic evidence recovery. You 

also learn to collate and present 

findings within judicial constraints. 

Quantum Physics 

Quantum mechanics is arguably 

the most fundamental discovery of 

20th century physics. This module 

will provide an introduction to 

quantum physics developing the 

concept of the wave function and 

the methods of solving simple 

physics problems using 

a quantum formulation. It provides 

a conceptual background to the 

ideas of wave particle duality 

leading to the formulation of the 

Schrödinger equation. You learn 

how to solve simple problems and 

to understand the origins of 

quantum numbers in one and 

three-dimensional systems.



Atomic and Nuclear Physics 

Atomic and nuclear processes are 

fundamental to understanding the 

universe around us. The module will 

give you an understanding of the 

way in which quantum numbers 

cover the properties of atoms and 

nuclei, and an appreciation of how 

the theory is related to experimental 

observation. 

Optics and Electromagnetism 

This module provides a conceptual 

framework of electromagnetism at 

the level needed for understanding 

the propagation of electromagnetic 

waves in free space. The material 

relates optics to electromagnetism 

and provides an excellent 

grounding for understanding lasers 

and modern optics. 

Medical Physics 

You gain a broad overview of the 

role of physics and the physicist in 

modern medicine. The module sets 

out the physical and mathematical 

essentials of major diagnostic and 

therapeutic techniques such as 

radiology, MRI, and ultrasound. 

The module involves several 

contributors from the Department 

of Medical Physics at the Kent and 

Canterbury Hospital. 

Mathematical Techniques and 

Differential Equations 

This unit builds on the mathematics 

you studied in the first year and 

concentrates on those techniques 

that any physicist needs for 

problem solving in a whole range of 

physical applications. This module 

treats mathematics as a tool to 

solve advanced physical problems 

such as those found in quantum 

mechanics or optics. You also learn 

how to use computers to model 

physical phenomena with MAPLE. 

The Multiwavelength Universe 


This module builds on work you 

have done in Stage 1 and provides 

a basic but rigorous grounding in 

observational, computational and 

theoretical aspects of astrophysics. 

You develop a clear understanding 

of the fundamentals of making 

astronomical observations across 

the whole electromagnetic 

spectrum. You also look at 

observational characteristics of 

stars and how their physical 

structures are derived from 

observation and using simple 

models. You study the origin 

and evolution of solar systems and 

evaluate claims for evidence of 

solar systems other than our own. 

Spacecraft Design 

and Operations 

In this module you gain a basic 

understanding of the major 

subsystems of a spacecraft system 

and spacecraft trajectory and 

orbits, including interplanetary 

orbits, launch phase and altitude 

control. You also look at space as a 

business/commercial opportunity 

and become familiar with basic 

management tools for planning 

work. You develop an 

understanding of the way in which 

space missions are configured both 

from the point of view of the 

constituent subsystems and the 

mission profile including the 

influence of the space environment. 

Forensic Physical Methods 

This module outlines and defines 

the scope of forensic physical 

methods and encourages you to 

think critically in relation to these 

methods and their application. You 

also look at new developments in 

forensic physical methods. Areas 

covered include, crime scene 

management, footprints, marks and 

impressions, fingerprint recovery 

and digital forensics. 

Multimedia for Astronomy, 

Astrophysics and Planetary 

Science 

This module focuses on the use of 

multimedia techniques applied to 

astronomical data, and data 

processing. You discover how to 

use the internet to access 

astronomical databases and go on 

to cover a range of topics 

including: deconvolution, as used 

by the Hubble Space Telescope for 

image enhancement; astrometry, 

the measuring of the co-ordinates 

of celestial objects from images; 

photometry, determining 

magnitudes of variable stars; and 

image analysis which covers the 

quantifying of digital imagery. 

Continued overleaf 

11



Studying at 

Stages 3 and 4 

Stage 3 represents the third 

year of four-year degree 

courses and the final year of 

three-year courses. Stage 4 

represents the final year of 

four-year courses. 

Stage 3 

BSc students in Physics, Physics 

with Astrophysics and Physics with 

Space Science and Systems take the 


• Physics Problem Solving 

• Physics Group Project 

• Relativity, Optics and Maxwell’s 

Equations 

• Thermal and Statistical Physics 

• Solid State Physics 

• Physics Project Laboratory 

• Image Processing. 

Physics students also take: 

• Numerical and Computational 

Methods. 

Physics with Astrophysics students 

also take: 

• Stars, Galaxies and the Universe. 

Physics with Space Science and 

Systems students also take: 

• The Sun, the Earth and Mars. 

Astronomy, Space Science & 

Astrophysics students take the 


• Physics Group Project 

• Relativity, Optics and Maxwell’s 

Equations 

• Thermal and Statistical Physics 

• Stars, Galaxies and the Universe 

• The Sun, the Earth and Mars 

• Physics Literature Review 

12 

• Physics Project Laboratory 

• Image Processing. 

Physics with Forensic Science 

students may take modules 

such as: 

• Forensic Archaeology 

• Fires and Explosions. 

Those on MPhys courses take the 

same core modules in their third 

year as BSc students but replace 

the Physics Group Project and the 

Physics Project Laboratory with: 

• Physics 3rd Year Project 

• Physical Science Research 

Planning. 

Stage 4 

In their final year those taking a 

four-year MPhys degree take the 


• Physics Research Project 

• Elementary Particles 

• Space Astronomy and Solar 

System Science. 

Physics students also take: 

• Quantum Mechanics 

• Topics in Functional Materials 

Physics with Astrophysics 

students also take: 


• Advanced Cosmology and the 

Interstellar Medium. 

Physics with Space Science and 

Systems students may take 



• The Sun, the Earth and Mars 

• Rocketry and Human 

Spaceflight. 

Astronomy, Space Science and 

Astrophysics students may also take 


• The Sun, the Earth and Mars. 

• Advanced Cosmology and the 

Interstellar Medium 

• Rocketry and Human Spaceflight. 


Physics Problem Solving 

The module consists of classes 

where you work in small groups on 

set problem sheets that contain 

either exam-style questions or 

general physics problems. The idea 

of working in small groups is that you 

can talk to each other as you learn 

the techniques necessary to solve 

general problems. A member of staff 

and an assistant attend each class 

and offer advice as needed. 

Physics Group Project 

The project gives you the opportunity 

to work together to plan, research 

and conduct a short programme of 

work. You can choose from a wide 

range of topics and produce your 

final report in written, oral, computer 

or video form, depending on the 

nature of the project. 

Relativity, Optics and 

Maxwell’s Equations 

You extend your understanding of 

Maxwell’s equations and their 

relationship to the other laws of 

electromagnetism. It also includes 

such topics as dielectric media, 

polarisation, electromagnetic waves 

at a vacuum-dielectric interface, 

failure of attempts to detect ether, 

and the representation of polarisation 

in optics. Special relativity is also 

discussed in depth.



Thermal and Statistical Physics 

This module covers 

thermodynamics, basic statistical 

concepts, semi-classical perfect 

gases, quantum statistics of perfect 

gases and transport properties of 

gases and solids. We also look at 

physical phenomena such as 

superfluidity and Bose-Einstein 

condensation. 

Solid State Physics 

In this module you gain an 

increased understanding of the 

nature and structure of different 

types of solid materials, including 

magnetic materials, and of the 

band structure of conducting 

materials. You learn how to explain 

the operation of simple 

semiconductor devices in terms of 

band structure concepts. Topics 

include crystal structure, 

band theory of solids, 

semiconductor materials and 

magnetic properties 

of materials. 

Physics Project Laboratory 

The module is divided into two 

parts. In the first part you work in 

the laboratory on a series of twoweek 

experiments; in the second 

part, you work on longer, more 

open-ended mini-projects, where 

you are given only a brief 

introduction to the topic to be 

investigated. You gain invaluable 

experience in laboratory-based 

experiments and also learn to 

present your research in a written 

report. 

Image Processing 

In this module you learn about 

the key principles of imaging 

and image processing, and its 

real-world applications. You go 

on to test some of these 

principles and discover how they 

can be used in a practical way. 

You are introduced to the 

MATLAB programming language 

which allows you to implement 

many of the image processing 

techniques discussed. 

Numerical and 

Computational Methods 

The aim of this module is to 

introduce you to some of the 

more advanced numerical 

techniques of relevance to 

mathematical physics and to 

illustrate these techniques with 

appropriate examples classes 

and computing console 

sessions. 

Stars, Galaxies and 

the Universe 

You gain a knowledge of the 

internal structure of stars and 

how they are derived, the 

processes by which energy is 

produced and transferred within 

them and the properties of the 

possible evolutionary end states. 

An understanding of the 

fundamentals of general relativity 

and its use in understanding the 

properties and evolution of the 

universe is also developed as 

well as an understanding of the 

structure and evolution of the 

universe, from fundamental 

particles, to individual stars, to 

galaxies and the universe itself. 

The Sun, the Earth and Mars 

This module enables you to gain an 

appreciation of the physical 

properties and processes of the 

sun, and its interaction with the 

Earth’s environment. You study how 

spacecraft are used with the Earth’s 

environment for specific purposes 

and what instruments they can 

carry. You take a critical look at a 

current field of planetary 

exploration, focusing on Mars, and 

develop an understanding of 

impact hazards to spacecraft. 

Physics Literature Review 

You gain the tools to carry out a 

scientific literature review and an indepth 

investigation of a particular 

topic. Areas covered include a 

guide to web-based and 

multimedia libraries; an introduction 

to the main scientific journals; an 

example of how to research a topic 

and how to order the information 

obtained; and discussion of how to 

prepare a dissertation. 

Physics 3rd Year Project 

This module is aimed at those 

students intending to take an 

MPhys and gives them the 

opportunity to deepen their 

knowledge of a specialised field. 

A choice of projects is made 

available and may include topics 

such as experimental measurement 

and observation, the design and 

construction of electronic devices 

and the development and 

evaluation of new teaching aids. 

Continued overleaf 

13



Physical Science 

Research Planning 

You develop skills related to the 

preparation of a research proposal. 

You learn how to search and retrieve 

information from locations such as 

books, databases and websites – 

and compile a professionallyproduced 

document such as a grant 

proposal for funding a research 

activity. You present your grant 

proposal to members of staff which 

gives you the chance to develop 

your presentation skills. 

Forensic Archaeology 

You learn about the advantages to 

be gained from using modern 

scientific archaeological methods. 

Topics include techniques such as 

seismic detection, nuclear decay 

dating, DNA profiling and you look 

at how they are applicable to the 

non-invasive detection of 

archaeological remains. 

Fires and Explosions 

Investigating the causes of fires is 

one of the most difficult studies 

undertaken by forensic scientists. 

This module looks at combustion 

and explosion, flammability, ignition 

and chain reactions. The forensic 

aspects will be illustrated with 

case studies. 

Modules: MPhys final year 

Physics Research Project 

All MPhys students carry out a 

laboratory-based project, related to 

their degree specialism. The 

projects involve a combination of 

some or all of: literature search and 

critique, laboratory work, computing 

14 

and data analysis. The majority of 

the projects relate directly to the 

research conducted in the 

department (Applied Optics, 

Materials Physics or Space Science 

and Astrophysics) and you work 

within the research laboratories. 

Often students’ work leads to 

publication in scientific journals. 

Elementary Particles 

This module presents you with a 

survey of the current understanding 

of the fundamental constituents of 

matter; outlines the standard model 

of quarks, leptons and gauge fields, 

including electroweak unified theory; 

and familiarises you with how a 

particle physics experiment works. 

Space Astronomy and Solar 

System Science 

How can astronomy be carried out 

from Earth orbit and how can the 

solar system be explored by 

spacecraft? How has our solar 

system evolved and what is its 

composition? This module looks at 

space astronomy, the exploration 

of the solar system, solar system 

evolution, extra-solar planets and 

special topics including the Kuiper 

Belt, Titan, solar system dust, 

terrestrial impacts and a current 

solar system science space mission. 

Quantum Mechanics 

You gain a background in quantum 

mechanics sufficient for continuing 

into a research career, and an 

appreciation of some of the 

applications and philosophical 

questions it raises. Starting out from 

Schrodinger’s equation and 

probability interpretation of wave 

functions you will encounter the 

Dirac notation, the uncertainty 

principle and the conservation 

laws. You also look at angular 

momentum, orbital states, spin 

states and approximation methods. 

Topics in Functional Materials 

This module provides you with a 

general appreciation of materials, 

and an understanding of current 

topics of interest in materials 

research. You develop an 

awareness of the applications of 

materials in industry; an ability to 

apply knowledge to solve problems; 

an appreciation of the key driving 

forces in nanotechnology and 

knowledge of nanostructured 

materials and phenomena. 

Advanced Cosmology and 

the Interstellar Medium 

In this module you look at current 

knowledge in the fields of 

extragalactic astrophysics and the 

interstellar medium. The module 

provides in-depth study of selected 

astrophysics material and gives you 

the knowledge you need for entry to 

a research degree in the field of 

astronomy and astrophysics. 

Rocketry and Human Spaceflight 

This module introduces the concept 

of the human occupation of space, 

via discussion of space medicine 

and the International Space Station. 

You study aspects of the design 

and operations of spacecraft and 

the module provides you with 

sufficient knowledge of spacecraft 

systems to enable you to move on 

to specialist employment or 

research in the field.



Making the face fit 

Teaching and assessment 

Teaching is via lectures, practical 

classes and workshops. You attend 

an average of eight one-hour 

lectures, one to two days of practical 

or project work and a number of 

workshops each week. The practical 

units include specific study skills in 

physics and general communication 

skills. Laboratory classes emphasise 

different aspects of the subject, but 

normally you work individually or in 

pairs and are assessed on your 

results and written reports. 

In your final year you work with a 

specific member of the academic 

staff on an experimental, computing 

or theoretical project. Most MPhys 

projects involve work at the forefront 

of research conducted in one of our 

research groups. 

Workshops are integrated with the 

lecture programme and discussion 

focuses on difficulties you may 

encounter with written work or 

physics problems you have 

undertaken. 

Assessment is by examinations at 

the end of each year and by 

continuous assessment of practical 

classes and other written 

assignments. Stage 1 (and the 

Foundation Year) are qualifying 

years and are not included in the 

final degree classification which is 

made up of a combined mark from 

Stages 2 and 3 with maximum 

weight applied to the final year. 

To guarantee progression on the 

MPhys programmes, you need 

to demonstrate the ability to obtain 

a first or second class degree. 

Early in 2005 Dr Chris Solomon 

and his team from Kent’s School 

of Physical Sciences unveiled a 

computerised photofit system at 

an international conference on 

crime-fighting technology. The 

new system can produce a more 

accurate likeness of the suspect 

and speeds up the process of 

producing photofits, saving the 

police valuable time. 

As things stand, in order to 

produce a photofit of a criminal, a 

witness or victim works with a 

police officer to produce a 

likeness. They may have to look 

through a gallery of hundreds of 

eyes or mouths, for example 

before finding the right ones and 

putting them into a face. The 

procedure can take hours and 

often the composite produced is 

not very lifelike. Many witnesses 

find the whole process 

overwhelming. 

EigenFit, the system being 

developed by Dr Solomon and his 

team uses algorithms. A genetic 

algorithm takes possible solutions 

to a problem and repeatedly 

‘evolves’ them until it finds the one 

that works best. Based on the 

sex, race and hairstyle of the 

person the witness remembers, 

the computer produces nine 

random faces, from which the 

witness chooses the one that 

seems the closest likeness. The 

algorithm then uses this face to 

mutate a new set of variants. The 

cycle continues until the witness 

is happy with the likeness. Each 

generation can be calculated 

in seconds, making the process 

far quicker than retrieving facial 

features from databases and 

trying them one by one. 

With EigenFit each face is 

represented by an array of 50 

numbers called principal 

components. “If we change just 

one of these parameters it alters 

the face, albeit rather subtly,” Dr 

Solomon says. “It might make the 

skin colour a bit darker, more 

wrinkly, or move the nose up the 

face a bit.” Once a feature, say 

the mouth, is correct it can be 

‘locked’, and the rest of the face 

evolved around it. 

In early tests, volunteers were 

about twice as likely to recognise 

a face constructed through the 

algorithm-based software as 

through today’s photofit 

mugshots, Dr Solomon says. 

15



Research at Kent 

Our research at Kent is 

broad-based: we often work 

in partnership with other 

institutions and with 

industry, developing 

innovative solutions to 

21st century challenges. 

Research in our School is carried 

out within three principal groups: 

the Applied Optics Group, the 

Functional Materials Group and the 

Centre for Astrophysics and 

Planetary Science. 

The Applied Optics Group is 

pioneering instruments and 

patenting new technologies for noncontact 

imaging of biomedical 

structures such as eye retina, skin, 

or teeth, at extremely high 

resolution. In collaboration with 

leading art galleries, its researchers 

also investigate the structure of 

paintings for art conservation using 

the coherence properties of light. 

The group’s research in fibre optic 

sensors stretches to a multitude 

of environments, from aircraft to 

earthquake monitoring. 

The forensic imaging activity in our 

School is concerned with the 

application of image processing 

and analysis techniques for a 

variety of forensic applications. 

Current projects involve the 

development of the EigenFit facial 

composite system, evolutionary 

facial synthesis, the automatic age 

progression of faces to assist in the 

location of missing persons and 

forensic document examination. We 

have strong links with the UK police 

and a number of commercial 

organisations. 

The Functional Materials Group is 

focused on the synthesis and 

characterisation of functional 

materials: those materials with novel 

optical, electronic and biomedical 

properties. What drives this 

group’s researchers is the need to 

understand, at the level of atomicscale 

structure, why a new material 

or system behaves the way it does. 

This involves the use of advanced 

physical probes and of extensive 

computer modelling. Their current 

research on bioactive glasses, 

for example, seeks to relate the 

fundamental structure of the 

materials to their medical function 

in bone regeneration. 

The Centre for Astrophysics and 

Planetary Science concentrates on 

the science of the solar system, 

particularly relating to dust and 

small bodies such as asteroids and 

comets. The Centre has recently 

begun a very successful new 

programme in astrobiology, 

studying whether bacteria can 

survive in space. 

Astronomical research involves 

observations and modelling of star 

forming regions and observations 

of distant galaxies. Use is made of 

ground-based telescopes around 

the world and space observatories 

such as the Hubble Space 

Telescope. 

“There is a really good 

dialogue between the 

staff and students about 

changes that we think 

necessary. They listen and 

act upon our suggestions 

which means the course is 

always improving. The 

department is small 

enough that I know all 

the staff and they know 

me. They are friendly, 

very supportive and 

always keen to help 

with questions. ” 

Matt West, 

studying Forensic Science 

16



What our graduates say... 

“I started at Kent by doing the 

Foundation Year. It was really useful, 

gave me good laboratory 

experience and made me familiar 

with the technical terms that I would 

come across in my degree. As part 

of my degree I completed a year 

working in industry which was very 

interesting, and useful for thinking 

about future careers. 

“There are lots of opportunities on 

offer at Kent. The campus jobshop 

helped me find a really interesting 

part-time job. There are also a huge 

number of societies on campus 

and groups for all nationalities. I 

have been able to take advantage 

of great offers available through 

some of the groups I have joined 

and had wonderful times on foreign 

trips. 

“Canterbury is a great city and 

caters for all types of students with 

lots of clubs and pubs. As well as 

the cinema in Canterbury there is 

also a good cinema on campus.” 

Pauline Dimou, graduate 

“While at Kent I was given the 

opportunity to work in a research 

team which was amazing. I had my 

own project, and worked at the 

Rutherford Laboratory. I also wrote 

a scientific paper. 

“The department is very supportive, 

there really is a good relationship 

between lecturers and students. 

One of the advantages of coming 

here is that the staff are flexible. 

Initially I was studying Physics with 

Astrophysics but I decided that 

course was not for me and wanted 

to move on to a straight Physics 

course. With the support of my 

lecturers the transition was very 

straightforward. The department at 

Kent is not too large, which means 

you get to know the other students 

and are able to help each other. 

“There is a caring and supportive 

environment at Kent. In your first 

year Freshers’ Week makes it easy 

to settle in and get to know people. 

The campus has a huge number of 

sports, cultural and other societies 

so there are always lots of activities 

going on. The campus is a safe 

place for women and there are 

security staff on campus which is 

very reassuring. 

“I still haven’t decided what I will 

do next. There are a huge number 

of career options for those with a 

degree in physics but having 

experienced research I’m quite 

tempted to follow that path.” 

Vicky Fitzgerald, graduate 

“The Physics course is fantastic. It 

is possible to combine astronomy, 

space science and astrophysics 

which makes for very interesting 

courses and excellent project work. 

The department is small and 

friendly and the staff know all of us. 

“The social life at Kent is very good 

with bars and the Venue nightclub 

on campus. Living in Canterbury is 

fine and fairly cheap. I found that it 

is possible to finance some of your 

study with part-time work. 

“There are no shortage of 

opportunities for physics graduates 

both here and abroad. Many areas 

welcome physicists – research, 

industry, finance, teaching, to name 

just a few.” 

Daniel Milner, graduate 

17



Visiting our campus 

and applying to Kent 

Come along for an Open 

Day or a UCAS Visit Day 

and see what it is like to 

be a student at Kent. 

Open Days 

Canterbury Open Days are held in 

July and October for potential 

students, and their family and 

friends, to have a look round the 

campus. The day includes a wide 

range of subject displays, informal 

lectures and seminars, and the 

chance to tour the campus with 

current students to view 

accommodation and facilities. You 

can also meet staff to discuss 

course options or admissions, 

disability and dyslexia support and 

study skills. For more information 

see www.kent.ac.uk/opendays/ 

UCAS Visit Days 

UCAS Visit Days run between 

December and April each year. 

They include a tour of the campus, 

a general talk on the University and 

a talk from a departmental 

representative. You have the chance 

to meet academic staff in your 

chosen subject and to discuss any 

queries you may have. If you are 

invited for an interview it will usually 

be held on one of our Visit Days. If 

we make you an offer without an 

interview it usually includes an 

invitation to a Visit Day, but this 

might not be possible if you have 

applied late. 

For more information see 

www.kent.ac.uk/visitdays/ 

More information 

If you have any queries, the 

Information and Guidance Unit 

offers a friendly service with advice 

on how to choose your degree, 

admissions procedures, how to 

prepare for your studies, and 

information about the University of 

Kent’s facilities and services. 

Information and Guidance Unit, 

The Registry, University of Kent, 

Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NZ 

Tel: 01227 827272 

Freephone (UK only): 0800 975 3777 

Email: information@kent.ac.uk 

How to apply 

For more information about the 

Physics, Astronomy and Space 

Science programmes, contact: 

School of Physical Sciences, 

Ingram Building, 

University of Kent, 

Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH. 

Tel: 01227 823783 

Fax: 01227 827558 

Email: spsrecruit@kent.ac.uk 


18



Terms and conditions: The University 

reserves the right to make variations to the 

content and delivery of courses and other 

services, or to discontinue courses and 

other services, if such action is reasonably 

considered to be necessary. If the 

University discontinues any course it will 

endeavour to provide a suitable alternative. 

To register for a programme of study, all 

students must agree to abide by the 

University Regulations (available online at 

www.kent.ac.uk/regulations/ or from the 

Information and Guidance Unit). 

Data protection: for administrative, 

academic and health and safety reasons, 

the University needs to process information 

about its students. Full registration as a 

student of the University is subject to your 

consent to process such information. 

Did you know…? 

The University has a 

cosmopolitan atmosphere 

with over 139 different 

nationalities represented 

on campus. 

Application facts 

Location 

Canterbury 

Awards 

BSc (Hons) 

MPhys (Hons) 

UCAS codes 

BSc (Hons) programmes: 

• Physics (F300) 

• Physics with Foundation Year 

(F305) 

• Physics with Astrophysics 

(F3F5) 

• Physics with Forensic Science 

(F3F4) 

• Physics with Space Science 

and Systems (F365) 

• Astronomy, Space Science and 

Astrophysics (F590). 

MPhys (Hons) programmes: 

• Physics (F303) 

• Physics with Astrophysics 

(F3FN) 

• Physics with Astrophysics with 

a Year in the USA (F3FM) 

• Physics with a Year in the USA 

(F304) 


and Systems (F363) 


and Systems with a Year in the 

USA (F3F9) 


Astrophysics (F592) 


Astrophysics with a Year in the 

USA (F591). 

Offer levels 

A level BBC, IB 30 points 

Physics with a Foundation Year 

(F305): on an individual basis 

Required subjects 

A level Maths and Physics 

grade C. 

Year in the USA 

The third year of the MPhys 

programme can be spent 

studying in the USA. 

Professional recognition 

Degrees accredited by the 

Institute of Physics. 

Financial assistance 

• Bursaries awarded by the 

Institute of Physics, see p9. 

• Scholarships awarded by the 

University of Kent, see p9. 

19

www.kent.ac.uk 

University of Kent 

The Registry, Canterbury, 

Kent CT2 7NZ 

T: +44 (0)1227 764000 

E: recruitment@kent.ac.uk 

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