ICISS report - International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect

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Published by the International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1G 3H9 http://www.idrc.ca © HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF CANADA 2001 as represented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs National Library of Canada cataloguing in publication data International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty The Responsibility to Protect Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty Issued also in French under title : La responsabilité de protéger. Issued by the International Development Research Centre. Accompanied by CD-ROM ISBN 0-88936-960-7 1. Intervention (International law). 2. Sovereignty. 3. National security. 4. United Nations. Security Council. 5. Pacific settlement of international disputes. I. International Development Research Centre (Canada) II. Title. JZ6368.I57 2001 327.1’7 C2001-980327-3 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the International Development Research Centre. Mention of a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information. IDRC Books endeavours to produce environmentally friendly publications. All paper used is recycled as well as recyclable. All inks and coatings are vegetable-based products. The full catalogue of IDRC Books is available at http://www.idrc.ca/booktique.
V TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................VII SYNOPSIS ................................................................................................................................XI 1. THE POLICY CHALLENGE..................................................................................................1 The Intervention Dilemma ..................................................................................................1 The Changing International Environment ..........................................................................3 The Implications for State Sovereignty ................................................................................7 The Meaning of Intervention................................................................................................8 2. A NEW APPROACH: “THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT” ......................................11 The Meaning of Sovereignty ..............................................................................................12 Human Rights, Human Security and Emerging Practice..................................................14 Shifting the Terms of the Debate ......................................................................................16 3. THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PREVENT ..............................................................................19 A Commitment to Prevention............................................................................................19 Early Warning and Analysis ................................................................................................21 Root Cause Prevention Efforts ..........................................................................................22 Direct Prevention Efforts ....................................................................................................23 4. THE RESPONSIBILITY TO REACT ..................................................................................29 Measures Short of Military Action ....................................................................................29 The Decision to Intervene ..................................................................................................31 Threshold Criteria: Just Cause............................................................................................32 Other Precautionary Criteria ..............................................................................................35 5. THE RESPONSIBILITY TO REBUILD ..............................................................................39 Post-Intervention Obligations............................................................................................39 Administration under UN Authority ................................................................................43 Local Ownership and the Limits to Occupation ..............................................................44 6. THE QUESTION OF AUTHORITY....................................................................................47 Sources of Authority under the UN Charter ....................................................................47 The Security Council’s Role – and Responsibility ............................................................49 When the Security Council Fails to Act ............................................................................53
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87 INDEX A academic institutions, 4
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