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BPPP By Mike Friel Obstacle Avoidance Below MDA Let’s discuss obstacle avoidance during the approach and landing. If we stay on the published approach we should not have any problems. There are a few things, though, with the advent of GPS-derived advisory glideslopes on GPS non-precision approaches, that can lead us astray. First, take a look at any ILS in the U.S. Terminal Procedures Publication (Figure 1). Do you see that light gray, tapered, slim V-like symbol on the profile view that runs from the glideslope intercept right past DA (Decision Altitude) right down to the runway threshold? This symbol is called a “stipple.” Now take a look at a VOR approach (or any non-precision approach). There’s no stipple on the profile view of that approach. Why is that? Figure 1: ILS approach Figure 2: RNAV approach It’s because the portion of the VOR and NDB approach below the minimum descent altitude is a visual portion of those approaches. You’re basically on your own to “see and avoid” obstacles once you go below Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA). The ILS, on the other hand, when used by certain operators may be flown right down to the runway. You’re guaranteed obstacle clearance all the way to touchdown if centered on the ILS glideslope, and that V-shaped symbol on the profile view running from the glideslope intercept to the runway shows you that fact visually. Now for the gotcha part: Look at a RNAV (GPS) approach (Figure 2). Some GPS approaches have a small shaded symbol, somewhat like the symbol on the ILS but much smaller, running from the MDA to the runway. Some don’t. Why is that? It’s because some approaches guarantee obstacle protection from the MDA to the runway and others do not. Now look at a GPS approach that only has LNAV (lateral navigation) minimums. Some have the gray shaded symbol and some don’t. There are a variety of reasons for this, but that’s how it is. The U.S. Terminal Procedure Publication states “absence of shaded area indicates 34:1 is not clear.” 48 AMERICAN BONANZA SOCIETY MAY 2013
What about those LNAV GPS approaches not having that gray shading below MDA? You guessed it: The GPS advisory glideslope can run you right into a tree or other obstacle if you follow it below MDA. The Most Complete, Most Convenient and Most Cost-Effective Type-Specific Beechcraft Training: BPPP Online+Flight ABS’s goal is simple: To protect lives and to preserve the Beechcraft fleet, by significantly increasing the number of ABS members who receive The Best in Beechcraft Pilot Training. Here’s How it Works BPPP Online+Flight Take a look at the GPS in your airplane. If it is a neat WAAS GPS it probably and techniques classroom training online, 1. Take the popular BPPP Beechcraft systems provides you with a neat “advisory” glideslope right past MDA right to the runway threshold. That’s great, but wait. What about those LNAV GPS approaches not having that gray shading below MDA? You guessed it: The GPS advisory glideslope can run you right into a tree or other obstacle if you follow it below MDA. In July 2008 a Learjet struck trees on on your schedule 2. Fly with a BPPP-standardized flight instructor near your home at a time that’s convenient for you 3. If you qualify, earn a Flight Review and/or an Instrument Proficiency Check 4. You’ll receive a BPPP Completion Certificate, which may qualify you for insurance discounts (ask your agent or broker) the advisory glideslope below MDA on Many aircraft insurance companies a night LNAV approach in rural New give up to a 10 percent discount York (see the articles by the Learjet pilot in ABS Magazine, July and August 2012). At the time, the LNAV approach had the stipple drawn in the profile view, indicating obstacle clearance on the glideslope from the Visual Descent on your policy for completing BPPP. For the first time, the insurance discount may pay most or even all the cost of your specialized Beechcraft training! BPPP training is fun, Point (VDP) to the touchdown zone. informative, convenient and affordable. It makes you The stipple has since been removed an even more capable from that particular approach. In that and safer pilot. For more case, that crew apparently did everything information and to enroll, right and still collided with obstacles. go to http://bonanza. The pilot of that aircraft is reported to have said his near-accident taught him “to be very cautious when flying org/pilot-training-bppp/ onlineflight or call 316-9<strong>45</strong>-1700. a GPS approach at night in IMC into a non-controlled airport with which the crew is unfamiliar.” I have to say that’s an understatement! If that can happen when the profile view shows FLYING MAGAZINE lauds BPPP Online+Flight: a stipple, imagine what you can find “ABS really took type clubs at the bottom of a LNAV approach without to the digital age by offering a stipple. Lucky no one was injured during BPPP Online….” the incident. —Pia Bergqvist, in the April 2013 Flying Magazine Volume 13 • Number 5 AMERICAN BONANZA SOCIETY 49 Only $495 Includes online and up to four hours of flight training!
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