STM8S and STM8A microcontroller families

Central processing unit (CPU)
RM0016
Figure 1.
Programming model
7
0
A ACCUMULATOR
15
XH
8
7
XL
0
X INDEX
15
XH
8
7
XL
0
Y INDEX
15
SH
8
7
S
0
SP STACK POINTER
23
PCE
16 15
PCH
8
7
PCL
0
PC PROGRAM COUNTER
7
0
V 0 I1 H I0 N Z C
CC CODE CONDITION
Stack pointer (SP)
The stack pointer is a 16-bit register. It contains the address of the next free location of the
stack. Depending on the product, the most significant bits can be forced to a preset value.
The stack is used to save the CPU context on subroutine calls or interrupts. The user can
also directly use it through the POP and PUSH instructions.
The stack pointer can be initialized by the startup function provided with the C compiler. For
applications written in C language, the initialization is then performed according to the
address specified in the linker file for C users. If you use your own linker file or startup file,
make sure the stack pointer is initialized properly (with the address given in the datasheets).
For applications written in assembler, you can use either the startup function provided by ST
or write your own by initializing the stack pointer with the correct address.
The stack pointer is decremented after data has been pushed onto the stack and
incremented after data is popped from the stack. It is up to the application to ensure that the
lower limit is not exceeded.
A subroutine call occupies two or three locations. An interrupt occupies nine locations to
store all the internal registers (except SP). For more details refer to Figure 2.
Note:
The WFI/HALT instructions save the context in advance. If an interrupt occurs while the CPU
is in one of these modes, the latency is reduced.
24/449 Doc ID 14587 Rev 8
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