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TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 435 IMPLICATIONS OF PARTITIONING AND TRANSMUTATION IN RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2004
COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and will be considered on a case by case basis. Enquiries should be addressed by email to the Publishing Section, IAEA, at sales.publications@iaea.org or by post to: Sales and Promotion Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 http://www.iaea.org/Publications/index.html IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Implications of partitioning and transmutation in radioactive waste management. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2004. p. ; 24 cm. — (Technical reports series, ISSN 0074–1914 ; no. 435) STI/DOC/010/435 ISBN 92–0–115104–7 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Radioactive wastes. 2. Hazardous wastes — Management. 3. Transmutation (Chemistry) 4. Nuclear fuel elements. 5. Nuclear non-proliferation. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Technical reports series (International Atomic Energy Agency) ; 435. IAEAL 04–00387
Page 1 and 2: Technical Reports SeriEs No.435 Imp
Page 3: The following States are Members of
Page 7 and 8: EDITORIAL NOTE Although great care
Page 9 and 10: 3.3. Impact of partitioning and tra
Page 11 and 12: 5.2.1. Principles of pyroprocessing
Page 13 and 14: BLANK
Page 15 and 16: 1.2. MOTIVATION FOR PARTITIONING AN
Page 17 and 18: human technology and is illustrated
Page 19 and 20: the event that all the actinides ar
Page 21 and 22: The radiotoxicity of conceptual fue
Page 23 and 24: through the natural barriers of the
Page 25 and 26: 2.3. EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN LONG TER
Page 27 and 28: Cm-245 8530 a Ra-225 14.8 d TI-209
Page 29 and 30: 2.4.2. Pyrochemical reprocessing an
Page 31 and 32: separated neptunium inventories req
Page 33 and 34: separated MAs. The criticality limi
Page 35 and 36: survey of the isotopes of TRUs carr
Page 37 and 38: operation would be directly relevan
Page 39 and 40: safeguards agreement. Consequential
Page 41 and 42: Principles and guidelines for proli
Page 43 and 44: 3.5.1. Partitioning The aim of part
Page 45 and 46: 3.5.4. Partitioning by pyroprocessi
Page 47 and 48: carried out at the ITU in order to
Page 49 and 50: permit real time observations of im
Page 51 and 52: LWR LWR uranium oxide Cooling Purex
Page 53 and 54: U natural 12 722 U depleted 10 802
Page 55 and 56:
The development of specific MA wast
Page 57 and 58:
long term solution of the TRU issue
Page 59 and 60:
U natural 11 953 U depleted 10 149
Page 61 and 62:
international experts, from hundred
Page 63 and 64:
mixing, pelletization, sintering) i
Page 65 and 66:
ange of 99.8% to 99.9% for uranium
Page 67 and 68:
Extractant 0.5M CMPO C 2 Cl 4 Feed
Page 69 and 70:
followed by geological disposal. Th
Page 71 and 72:
The Cyanex 301 process is under res
Page 73 and 74:
efficiency for americium and curium
Page 75 and 76:
was achieved. Nevertheless, this pr
Page 77 and 78:
to accomplish even in pilot scale h
Page 79 and 80:
the process, metal alloy fuel in th
Page 81 and 82:
molybdenum, etc.) are treated in an
Page 83 and 84:
5.2.3. The European Union roadmap I
Page 85 and 86:
engineering design studies on BN-18
Page 87 and 88:
5.2.6. Other activities In some Sta
Page 89 and 90:
higher separation yields could in p
Page 91 and 92:
6. TRANSMUTATION 6.1. TRANSMUTATION
Page 93 and 94:
forms (e.g. pellets), and from homo
Page 95 and 96:
TABLE 2. (cont.) PROGRAMME OF TRANS
Page 97 and 98:
operated successfully for a few yea
Page 99 and 100:
toxic fission products, could be a
Page 101 and 102:
1.0 100 Actinide mass (normalized t
Page 103 and 104:
Long term irradiation of 241,243 Am
Page 105 and 106:
fission per neutron) with the high
Page 107 and 108:
ten. The radiotoxicity of the disch
Page 109 and 110:
can provide more excess neutrons th
Page 111 and 112:
Actinide mass (normalized to the in
Page 113 and 114:
possible if it is present as a meta
Page 115 and 116:
7.1. IMPACT OF IMPROVED REPROCESSIN
Page 117 and 118:
present high burnup situation (~50-
Page 119 and 120:
simultaneous development of dedicat
Page 121 and 122:
(h) (i) plutonium and curium. From
Page 123 and 124:
(e) (f) (g) tioning is performed by
Page 125 and 126:
[6] MAGILL, J., et al., Impact limi
Page 127 and 128:
[33] EMBID, M., GONZALEZ, E., MART
Page 129 and 130:
[60] INSTITUTE FOR TRANSURANIUM ELE
Page 131 and 132:
BLANK
Page 133 and 134:
Based on the P&T goals discussed ab
Page 135 and 136:
Annex II CURRENT STUDIES ON INERT M
Page 137 and 138:
transients, the change in thermal c
Page 139 and 140:
MOX OTC P&T RFC TBP TRU WWER mixed
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