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e reduced to a fixed set, restrictions are made with respect to the data type. E.g. the value of the attribute @quantity within the element has to be a non-negative integer (data.count). 3. Finally, there are cases, in which attribute values cannot be restricted by the schema at all. E.g. the value of @n in may consist of alphanumeric characters (e.g. , ) as well as strings (e.g. ). In such (rare) cases value restrictions are given in the DTA-BF guidelines. The DTA-BF has been designed to cover all annotation requirements for a basic structuring of the large variety of historical texts that are dealt with in the DTA. On this common structural level each typographically marked segment in the source text (centered, printed in bold or italics, printed with an individual typeface, smaller or larger letters) is labelled preferably with one basic semantic category (citation, poem, title, note etc.) or, if a semantic function cannot easily be assigned, with the formal category describing the typographical characteristics of the respective text segment. Fig. 1 shows the combination of semantic (, ) and formal (, ) tagging. 3.2 Annotation Levels As stated above, the DTA-BF is supposed to serve as a guideline for the homogeneous annotation of heterogeneous historical corpus texts. However, the necessity of a homogeneous format for the annotation of historical text seems to be opposed to the fact, that different projects usually have different needs as for how detailed text structuring should be. This problem is aggravated by the fact that text structuring becomes more labor intensive the more detailed it is. To address this problem, the TEI Recommendations for the Encoding of Large Corpora advise users who wish to create language corpora to define four levels of text annotation (required, recommended, optional, and proscribed) when determining a subset of TEI elements appropriate to the anticipated needs of the project (Burnard and Bauman, 2012: ch. 15.5). 2. GOTT/ von dem das Licht entſprungen/ Dir ſey Lob Danck geſungen/ [...] Figure 1: Friedrich Rudolph Ludwig von Canitz: Gedichte. Berlin, 1700. Image 16. www.deutschestextarchiv.de/canitz_gedichte_1700/16 Like TEI-Lib, the DTA-BF defines different encoding levels according to the depth of text structuring, thus categorizing all available DTA- BF elements due to different text structuring necessities and depths. In accordance with the TEI Guidelines but in contrast to TEI-Lib (TEI SIG on Libraries, 2011: ch. 1), the levels 1 to 3 of the DTA-BF are strictly cumulative. 10 The first level represents the least common denominator for text structuring, therefore containing elements that are mandatory for basic semantic text annotation. The elements in level 2 are strongly recommended but not mandatory. Level 3 contains optional elements, which can be used for in-depth semantic text structuring, but are not applied extensively throughout the DTA core corpus. 11 Thus, the obligation to use the provided elements decreases with the increase of levels and, in connection with that, the depth of text structur- 10 For an overview on the DTA-BF elements and their corresponding levels cf. www.deutschestextarchiv.de/doku/basisformat_table. 11 However, the DTA-BF remains an annotation format for the structuring of historical corpus texts, esp. serving linguistic purposes. Projects, which aim at providing historical critical editions of texts, will need further annotation possibilities (e.g. an inventory for a critical apparatus as specified in chapter 12 of the TEI guidelines; cf. Burnard and Baumann, 2012: ch. 12). Such projects might want to start off with the DTA-BF for annotation and extend it according to their requirements. 388 <strong>Proceedings</strong> of KONVENS 2012 (LThist 2012 workshop), Vienna, September 21, 2012
ing. The fourth level contains an exception list of elements which should be avoided in favor of a different solution provided by the DTA-BF. 3.3 Metadata Like TEI-Lib (TEI SIG on Libraries, 2011: ch. 4.1), the DTA-BF provides a TEI Header customization which allows to express rich bibliographic metadata for each corpus text. The DTA- BF metadata specification focuses on the bibliographic description of written corpora. We provide conversion routines to other standards such as the Component Metadata Infrastructure CMDI 12 , which is the recommended metadata format in CLARIN. 13 3.4 Text Transcription and Editorial Interventions In addition to the DTA-BF, extensive transcription guidelines are provided in order to support common transcription practices for each text in the DTA corpus. 14 To this end, furthermore, the DTA-BF contains regulations for possible editorial interventions. From the TEI formats mentioned above, only the TEI-Lib guidelines point out the necessity of transcription guidelines, but limit their advice to the handling of punctuation and hyphenation problems (TEI SIG on Libraries, 2011: ch. 3.2). 3.5 Documentation The DTA-BF comes with a detailed documentation 15 explaining the usage of each element, attribute, and value according to the possible annotation needs in text structuring. The documentation contains examples taken from the DTA corpus and illustrates typical encoding scenarios as well as exception cases. There is also an ODD 16 specification for the DTA-BF together with a corresponding RNG schema 17 generated with TEI-ROMA. 18 12 Cf. www.clarin.eu/cmdi. 13 Cf. footnote 3. 14 Cf. www.deutschestextarchiv.de/doku/richtlinien. 15 Cf. www.deutschestextarchiv.de/doku/basisformat. 16 One document does it all; cf. www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/Customization/odds.xml. 17 Cf. www.deutschestextarchiv.de/basisformat.odd; www.deutschestextarchiv.de/basisformat.rng. 18 Cf. www.tei-c.org/Roma. 3.6 Relation to the TEI Guidelines Like TEI Lite, TEI-Lib, and TextGrid’s BE, the DTA-BF is a strict subset of the TEI P5 tag set. It is therefore entirely compatible with the TEI P5 Guidelines in that they are only customized by selection, but not extended in any way. 4 Lifecycle of the DTA ‘base format’ within DTAE DTA Extensions (DTAE) is a module of the DTA project with the goal to integrate digitized historical German texts drawn from external sources into the DTA core corpus. There are two prerequisites for those texts: they need to be considered as influential with respect to the goal of the DTA to compile a historical reference corpus, and they have to dispose of a high transcription quality. External resources may be transcribed either in a word processing or HTML environment – a case we do not discuss here since it has no effect on the DTA-BF – or more often (as more and more philological projects adopt the TEI) be encoded in a customized TEI P5 format. In this case, a transformation of the customized TEI schema into the DTA-BF has to be specified. In general, all texts are subject to a quality assurance phase before being published in the DTA environment (Geyken et al., 2012; Haaf et al., 2012). For this task, a webbased distributed quality assurance platform has been implemented (Wiegand and Geyken, 2011), where users can proofread texts page by page and report different kinds of errors. As a result of the conversion and correction process, material from heterogeneous corpus formats is made accessible in the context of one homogeneous, high-quality text corpus. So far, corpus texts from 10 external projects with a total of 200,000 pages were integrated into the DTA corpus after being converted into the DTA-BF, including Blumenbach online, AEDit, and Dinglers Polytechnisches Journal. 19 We distinguish three cases for the integration of external TEI-encoded corpora into the DTA environment: 1. The conversion of the customized TEI schema into the DTA-BF can be done automatically, since the DTA-BF provides a semanti- 19 Cf. www.deutschestextarchiv.de/doku/dtae for the full list of DTAE projects. 389 <strong>Proceedings</strong> of KONVENS 2012 (LThist 2012 workshop), Vienna, September 21, 2012
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11 th Conference on Natural Languag
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Table of Contents Main conference P
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Comparing variety corpora with vis-
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LexSem 2012: Workshop on Recent Dev
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KONVENS 2012 The 11 th Conference o
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Organizers: Jeremy Jancsary (ÖGAI/
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Ines Rehbein (Potsdam University) M
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Integrating viewpoints into newspap
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Phonetically aided syntactic parsin
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The Statistical Approach to Natural
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Data-driven Knowledge Extraction fo
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4 The Different Relations Types In
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Relation Type #Patterns Examples Su
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Suits-to Served-with Substituted-by
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References Timothy Chklovski and Pa
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1.2 Problem Definitions In a MRA, t
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oot person organisation product ...
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Group Organis. Persons Products all
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Method α α+β α+γ all SentiWS 0
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A Supervised POS Tagger for Written
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Our tagset mixes and matches tags a
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ecause the enclitic pronoun is an i
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stochastic rules as opposed to larg
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Kevin Duh, and Katrin Kirchhoff. 20
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forms, and that existentials can be
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Pseudo Verb Punctuation PNC
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NLP Workflow for On-line Definition
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nological phrases on the basis of p
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Figure 2: A screenshot of the entir
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When analyzing the evaluation sets
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Projecting Semantic Roles via Tai M
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quent prediction, return it (iii) i
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for the B/T/FT settings. This is pr
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ut it is implied by Table 3 and Fig
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References Wanxiang Che, Zhenghua L
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Our ultimate goal is to develop com
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ADORNING CAUSE_FLUIDIC_MOTION COTHE
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English nouns, verbs, adjectives, a
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considerably worse than FrameNet. T
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Extraction. In Proceedings of the 1
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lexicon from a document-derived voc
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Initialize hypernym set H to contai
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ulary distance. Let d(a, b) denote
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the reduced lexicon (243) was neare
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Adding nominal spice to SALSA - fra
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SALSA verbs nouns 0 FE 0 2 1 FE 68
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gen, which in one of its meanings i
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In the next section we describe how
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Acknowledgments This work was funde
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most commonly used (Turney and Pant
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anteed because the forward feature
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5 000 feat ICA50 SVD50 SENNA Semcat
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words bicycle and tricycle go with
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of the Twelfth European Conference
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incorporate the context information
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those candidate phrases that are an
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5.2 Evaluation Metrics for WPD The
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Runs F-measures α=0.5 α=0.2 Pur.
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Evaluations (SemEval-2007), June (2
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2 Related Work The majority of pape
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and Roth, 2009; Lin and Wu, 2009).
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Features Dev Test CoNLL-2003 w 0 +
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Feature Dev Test Test+ — 93.78 91
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the Joint Conference of the 47th An
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tion. It was first included as a sp
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indicates the presence of the ellip
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[Armada britainiarrak] [Ipar Irland
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Información, (JOTRI 2003), pages 1
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Phonetically aided Syntactic Parsin
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mar network or PCFG. Grammar networ
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phonetic confusion that has the con
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in confusion in the network. This i
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Linguistic analyses of the LAST MIN
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Table 1: Comparison between corpora
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Table 2: Most frequent POS patterns
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Table 3: A problematic dialog situa
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6 Summary We have presented the cur
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S-restricted monotone alignments St
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s k n i i: f phh ohehnh ih xh s k n
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Dataset µ G µ P P [G>15] P [P >15
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Perplexity H(L | P ) 2PKE-Uni 7.002
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(1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 1) (4, 1) (1, 2)
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Use of linguistic features for impr
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whereas English has a verb-initial
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Accuracy of Accuracy of Accuracy of
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English Persian Train: Sentences 30
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to compensate for sparsity of paral
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Name # Documents # Tokens # Lemmas
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Figure 1: Precision-Recall graphs c
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A Multi-level Annotation Model for
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and sentence level with the aim of
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(Schmid, 1995; Schiller et al., 199
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EI EII Tag AKR MARK Typography ITER
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References Saima Aman and Stan Szpa
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Robust processing of noisy web-coll
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1. first strip of the papery skin o
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References Jon Chamberlain, Massimo
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ments between its LSRs. Additionall
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Figure 3: In the sense comparison v
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Using Information Retrieval Technol
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against every tree. Others avoid th
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A 0.780715 NN Figure 4: A sp
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# #Documents Index Size 1 29,704 1.
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References P. Bański, C. Belica, H
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(2012), in their corpus study of va
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DET NSUBJ ADV OBJA AMOD Seine Tante
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A Computational Semantic Analysis o
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(6) a. Is Spain very large? b. Is B
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References Alan C. Bale. 2008. A Un
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219 Proceedings of KONVENS 2012 (Ma
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221 Proceedings of KONVENS 2012 (Ma
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Using subcategorization frames to i
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5.2 Word clustering based on the Le
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erage of english grammars. In Proce
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cases not disambiguated using langu
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Not surprisingly, the results show
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Automatic Identification of Languag
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Differences also appear at the synt
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Acknowledgments The authors express
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2 Related Work Previous work on POS
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The XY tag is used for all non-word
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Comparing Variety Corpora with Vis-
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INPUT variety corpus comparability
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References Andrea Abel and Stefanie
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Features Context features (token wi
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0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 F-measure 0
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ties into fine-grained classes. In
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verbials (e.g., therefore, still).
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word raw freq. non conn. conn. (of
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Corpus-based Acquisition of German
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Events Objects IPrec CPrec IPrec CP
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References Marco Baroni, Silvia Ber
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Preface The present proceedings con
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Workshop Program Friday, September
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Unsupervised Sentiment Analysis wit
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pling (Geman and Geman, 1984) to es
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References Anders Björkelund, Bern
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Class # Events in % neutral 45’01
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3.1.1 Rules Let t 1..n be tokens of
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Human 6 System 6 Human 4 System 4 A
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Codebuch Akteursanalyse. rev. 2011.
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of our work in the whole applicatio
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3.4 Negation and graduation Valence
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local context. For instance, in une
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n’était pas très favorable au G
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Domain-specific variation of sentim
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query building blocks comments real
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References Monica Bednarek. 2006. E
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3 Basic Methodology of Annotation T
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(3) A. V případě jeho kandidatur
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4.3 Auxiliary data - Mall.cz We hav
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Overlap f-score Source 0.750 Polar
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A Phrase-Based Opinion List for the
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the Stuttgart-Tübingen Tagset (STT
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As for noun-based opinion phrases a
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More than half of the words and phr
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treebank. In Proceedings of the Wor
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Apart from these, we distinguish op
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close variants)”. In fact importa
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What is the Meaning of 5 *’s? An
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For each category, we follow (Const
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Positivity Term 2.87692577130 elske
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In recent years, the use of rating
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KONVENS 2012 LThist 2012: First Int
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Organisation Committee: Thierry Dec
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Workshop Program Friday, September
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Rule-Based Normalisation of Histori
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isation rules were applied to the i
Page 337 and 338: ments in the gold standard have bee
Page 339 and 340: cation in the contemporary SUC samp
Page 341 and 342: proach. References Maria Ågren, Ro
Page 343 and 344: 2 Related Work There has been consi
Page 345 and 346: vided to ensure that they are norma
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Page 349 and 350: ization (rather than modernization)
Page 351 and 352: The Sketch Engine as infrastructure
Page 353 and 354: 2.1 The Corpus of English Dialogues
Page 355 and 356: Other notable contrasts are that 17
Page 357 and 358: Evaluating a Post-editing Approach
Page 359 and 360: Figure 1: Example of a marriage lic
Page 361 and 362: all possible concatenations of indi
Page 363 and 364: Table 3: Post-editing results. Time
Page 365 and 366: okstaffua, bokstaffwa, bokstafwa, b
Page 367 and 368: Rule Cost v↔u 0.1 v↔w 0.1 u↔o
Page 369 and 370: graphic word boundaries and conside
Page 371 and 372: ation. Gulordava and Baroni (2011),
Page 373 and 374: ut adding a statistical measure to
Page 375 and 376: e.g. philosophical and political pr
Page 377 and 378: of the EACL 2009 Workshop on GEMS:
Page 379 and 380: Most of the research on genre class
Page 381 and 382: Precision Recall F 1 Unigrams 0.551
Page 383 and 384: The DTA ‘base format’: A TEI-Su
Page 385 and 386: Lib are complementary in the sense
Page 387: inline metadata solutions for edito
Page 391 and 392: the work package ‘Resources and T
Page 393 and 394: is mainly used with parallel corpor
Page 395 and 396: Corrections by the editor were omit
Page 397 and 398: Accuracy N % All Words 781/1000 78.
Page 399 and 400: $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ Figure 4
Page 401 and 402: Digitised Historical Text: Does it
Page 403 and 404: 3 Related Work Previous research on
Page 405 and 406: 5.1 End-of-line Soft Hyphen Deletio
Page 407 and 408: quite difficult to get an idea of h
Page 409 and 410: References Ahmad Abdulkader and Mat
Page 411 and 412: cision, recall, and F1. Section 4 d
Page 413 and 414: not corrected corrected p P R F1 P
Page 415 and 416: From Semi-Automatic to Automatic Af
Page 417 and 418: Figure 2: ER-Diagramm of the Morphi
Page 419 and 420: Figure 4: Morphilizer’s implement
Page 421 and 422: Figure 6: Architecture of Morphorm
Page 423 and 424: References Harald R. Baayen, R. Pie
Page 425 and 426: edition has been adopted. This is d
Page 427 and 428: marginalia, emendations or punctuat
Page 429 and 430: Word Lemma Class Subclass Type Tens
Page 431 and 432: Figure 3. Sample screenshot of comp
Page 433 and 434: KONVENS 2012 LexSem 2012: Workshop
Page 435 and 436: English) closely and discusses the
Page 437 and 438: Workshop Program Friday, September
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verbs were collected mostly from an
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3 Theoretical Background Let us now
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are sensible to semantic properties
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Cançado, Márcia and Amaral, Luana
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morphological tagger for Russian la
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whom/which something is taken. (7cz
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Verb class same frame different fra
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Construction Grammar are introduced
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posed to Hon åker på måndag ‘S
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nitions of Agent, for example. Inst
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Framenet++, VR dnr 2010-6013), by t
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Källström and Inger Lindberg, edi
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scoring function σ : W ×L×W →
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esults in the triple 〈heutige Son
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Unlexicalized links 7,833,635 n (i)
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The difference in accuracies betwee
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Towards high-accuracy bilingual phr
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over a set of candidate translation
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each soft restriction soft m set on
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(> 98% in scalable precision) and a
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References Colin Bannard and Chris
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Preface The need for automatically
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15:50-16:15 Coffee break 16:15-16:4
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Standards for the technical infrast
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⎡ ⎤ phrase CATEGORY np ⎡ ⎤
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The representation of the feature v
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ement, while the interpretation as
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hand, checking the validity of FSR
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Standardizing metadata descriptions
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2 LMF and semantic interoperability
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can register and create DCs. Users
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all kinds of lexemes, (see Cruse (1
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constraints, because many aspects o
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Menzo Windhouwer. 2012. RELcat: a R
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the meeting in Rome as a starting p
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As these documents provide the refe
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Two multi-layer annotated corpora r
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As audio data is not directly store
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Jörg Mayer. 1995. Transcription of
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Towards standardized lexical semant
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Getting involved into language reso
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