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tations will be used (cf. Baroni and Lenci 2010; Piitulainen 2010). 6 Outlook Developing tools for automatic identification of cx is both a methodological approach and a highly relevant research objective in its own right. If we are able to automatically identify cx in authentic text, the ambiguity that has always plagued automatic syntactic analysis, where even relatively short sentences may have tenths or even hundreds of analyses, can be greatly reduced. Kokkinakis (2008) has shown that the identification of complex terminology and named entities simplifies a subsequent syntactic analysis considerably. Also, Attardi and Dell’Orletta (2008) and Gadde et al. (2010), and others, have shown how preidentification of different types of local continuous syntactic units may improve a subsequent global dependency analysis. Our hypothesis is that cx can be used in the same way, and exploring this would be a valuable contribution to LT research. The cx primarily targeted in the project are largely language-specific, partly by virtue of containing lexical material. However, on a more abstract level, many of the classes of cx – and consequently the methods both for their discovery in corpora and for their use in LT applications – are expected to be cross-linguistically relevant. Hence our research on Swedish will be relevant to LT in general. The constructicon is meant to be a large-scale, freely available electronic resource for linguistic purposes and language technology applications, in the first place. As already mentioned, it will be integrated in the SweFN network and, of course, benefit the network enriching it with cx. But the constructicon can also be regarded as a lexicographic resource per se, and of relevance for lexicography/lexicographers in general (cf. Hanks 2008). Cx have traditionally been neglected in dictionaries. Some cx can be found in the information given on valency, and many cx are indirectly presented in the usage examples (cf. Svensén 2009, 141ff., 188ff.). The coverage, however, is only partial, since the dictionaries tend to favor colorful fixed phrases at the expense of more anonymous cx with variable component slots. This is a problem, as many such cx are arguably more relevant for language learners than, for example, idioms, which by comparison are used quite rarely (Farø and Lorentzen, 2009). Furthermore, paper dictionaries are inherently limited, partly due to their size, partly due to their structure; they are mainly based on headwords/lemmas. Electronic dictionaries, on the other hand, offer new opportunities through alternative search paths and (more or less) unlimited amount of space. Hence, in a longer perspective, the constructicon can be further developed and adapted as an extension to a future, general language e-dictionary of Swedish. The improved coverage of constructional patterns provided by the constructicon should also be a valuable contribution to the fields of second language research and second language learning. As mentioned above, it is a special priority to account for cx that are problematic for second and foreign language acquisition. Besides such cx in particular, the constructicon in general should be highly relevant for L2 research and teaching. Usually, L2-learners do not acquire cx to any larger extent, except for the most general types. On the contrary, even advanced L2 learners have to rely on grammatical rules in their language production – in contrast to native speakers, who use prefabricated cx-templates extensively. This results in unidiomatic L2 production. It also adds a cognitive strain on the L2 speaker, since combinatorial language production is more taxing for the processing memory (Ekberg, 2004, 272), which makes L2 production more difficult than it needs to be. Adding the aspect of cx to L2 teaching situations would facilitate L2 learning for advanced students as well as for those who find traditional grammar an obstacle. In summary, the constructicon is not only a desirable and natural development of the FrameNet tradition, it is also potentially useful in a number of areas, such as language technology, lexicography and (L2) acquisition research and teaching. In addition to these practical uses, we hope that this work will lead to theoretically valuable insights about the relation between grammar and lexicon. Acknowledgements The research presented here was supported by the Swedish Research Council (the project Swedish 458 Proceedings of KONVENS 2012 (LexSem 2012 workshop), Vienna, September 21, 2012
Framenet++, VR dnr 2010-6013), by the University of Gothenburg through its support of the Centre for Language Technology and of Språkbanken, by the European Commission through its support of the METANORD project under the ICT PSP Programme, grant agreement no 270899, and by Swedish Academy Fellowships for Benjamin Lyngfelt and Emma Sköldberg, sponsored by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. References Giuseppe Attardi and Felice Dell’Orletta. 2008. Chunking and dependency parsing. In LREC Workshop on Partial Parsing, pages 27–32, Marrakech. Collin F. Baker, Charles J. Fillmore, and John B. Lowe. 1998. The Berkeley FrameNet project. In Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics, pages 86–90, Morristown, NJ, USA. Marco Baroni and Alessandro Lenci. 2010. Distributional memory: A general framework for corpus-based semantics. Computational Linguistics, 36:673–721. Hans Boas and Ivan Sag, editors. to appear. Sign- Based Construction Grammar. CSLI, Stanford. Lars Borin and Markus Forsberg. 2008. Something old, something new: A computational morphological description of Old Swedish. In LREC 2008 Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage Data (LaTeCH 2008), pages 9–16, Marrakech. Lars Borin and Markus Forsberg. 2009. All in the family: A comparison of SALDO and WordNet. In Proceedings of the Nodalida 2009 Workshop on WordNets and other Lexical Semantic Resources – between Lexical Semantics, Lexicography, Terminology and Formal Ontologies, Odense. Lars Borin and Markus Forsberg. 2011. A diachronic computational lexical resource for 800 years of Swedish. In Caroline Sporleder, Antal van den Bosch, and Kalliopi Zervanou, editors, Language technology for cultural heritage, pages 41–61. Springer, Berlin. Lars Borin and Dimitrios Kokkinakis. 2010. Literary onomastics and language technology. In Willie van Peer, Sonia Zyngier, and Vander Viana, editors, Literary education and digital learning. Methods and technologies for humanities studies, pages 53– 78. Information Science Reference, Hershey / New York. Lars Borin, Dana Danélls, Markus Forsberg, Dimitrios Kokkinakis, and Maria Toporowska Gronostaj. 2010a. The past meets the present in Swedish FrameNet++. In 14th EURALEX International Congress, pages 269–281, Leeuwarden. Lars Borin, Markus Forsberg, and Dimitrios Kokkinakis. 2010b. Diabase: Towards a diachronic BLARK in support of historical studies. In Proceedings of LREC 2010, Valletta, Malta. Lars Borin, Markus Forsberg, and Christer Ahlberger. 2011. Semantic Search in Literature as an e- Humanities Research Tool: CONPLISIT – Consumption Patterns and Life-Style in 19th Century Swedish Literature. In NODALIDA 2011 Conference Proceedings, pages 58–65, Riga. Lars Borin, Markus Forsberg, Karin Friberg Heppin, Richard Johansson, and Annika Kjellandsson. 2012a. Search result diversification methods to assist lexicographers. In Proceedings of the 6th Linguistic Annotation Workshop, pages 113–117. Lars Borin, Markus Forsberg, Leif-Jöran Olsson, and Jonatan Uppström. 2012b. The open lexical infrastructure of Språkbanken. In Proceedings of LREC 2012, Istanbul. Lars Borin, Markus Forsberg, and Johan Roxendal. 2012c. Korp – the corpus infrastructure of Språkbanken. In Proceedings of LREC 2012, Istanbul. Lars Borin. 2012. Core vocabulary: A useful but mystical concept in some kinds of linguistics. In Diana Santos, Krister Lindén, and Wanjiku Ng’ang’a, editors, Shall we play the Festschrift game? Essays on the occasion of Lauri Carlson’s 60th birthday, pages 53–65. Springer. Christian Chiarcos, Sebastian Nordhoff, and Sebastian Hellmann, editors. 2012. Linked Data in Linguistics. Representing and Connecting Language Data and Language Metadata. Springer, Heidelberg. Jörg Didakowski, Lothar Lemnitzer, and Alexander Geyken. 2012. Automatic example sentence extraction for a contemporary german dictionary. In Proceedings of the 15th EURALEX International Congress, pages 343–349, Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo. Lena Ekberg. 2004. Grammatik och lexikon i svenska som andraspråk på nästan infödd nivå [‘Grammar and lexicon in Swedish as a second language at almost native level of proficiency’]. In Kenneth Hyltenstam and Inger Lindberg, editors, Svenska som andraspråk – i forskning, undervisning och samhälle. Studentlitteratur, Lund. Ken Farø and Henrik Lorentzen. 2009. De oversete og mishandlede ordforbindelser – hvilke, hvor og hvorfor? [‘The overlooked and mistreated word combinations – which, where, and why?’]. LexicoNordica, 16:75–101. 459 Proceedings of KONVENS 2012 (LexSem 2012 workshop), Vienna, September 21, 2012
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11 th Conference on Natural Languag
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Table of Contents Main conference P
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Comparing variety corpora with vis-
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LexSem 2012: Workshop on Recent Dev
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KONVENS 2012 The 11 th Conference o
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Organizers: Jeremy Jancsary (ÖGAI/
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Ines Rehbein (Potsdam University) M
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Integrating viewpoints into newspap
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Phonetically aided syntactic parsin
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The Statistical Approach to Natural
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Data-driven Knowledge Extraction fo
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4 The Different Relations Types In
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Relation Type #Patterns Examples Su
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Suits-to Served-with Substituted-by
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References Timothy Chklovski and Pa
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1.2 Problem Definitions In a MRA, t
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oot person organisation product ...
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Group Organis. Persons Products all
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Method α α+β α+γ all SentiWS 0
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A Supervised POS Tagger for Written
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Our tagset mixes and matches tags a
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ecause the enclitic pronoun is an i
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stochastic rules as opposed to larg
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Kevin Duh, and Katrin Kirchhoff. 20
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forms, and that existentials can be
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Pseudo Verb Punctuation PNC
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NLP Workflow for On-line Definition
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nological phrases on the basis of p
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Figure 2: A screenshot of the entir
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When analyzing the evaluation sets
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Projecting Semantic Roles via Tai M
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quent prediction, return it (iii) i
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for the B/T/FT settings. This is pr
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ut it is implied by Table 3 and Fig
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References Wanxiang Che, Zhenghua L
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Our ultimate goal is to develop com
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ADORNING CAUSE_FLUIDIC_MOTION COTHE
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English nouns, verbs, adjectives, a
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considerably worse than FrameNet. T
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Extraction. In Proceedings of the 1
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lexicon from a document-derived voc
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Initialize hypernym set H to contai
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ulary distance. Let d(a, b) denote
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the reduced lexicon (243) was neare
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Adding nominal spice to SALSA - fra
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SALSA verbs nouns 0 FE 0 2 1 FE 68
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gen, which in one of its meanings i
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In the next section we describe how
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Acknowledgments This work was funde
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most commonly used (Turney and Pant
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anteed because the forward feature
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5 000 feat ICA50 SVD50 SENNA Semcat
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words bicycle and tricycle go with
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of the Twelfth European Conference
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incorporate the context information
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those candidate phrases that are an
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5.2 Evaluation Metrics for WPD The
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Runs F-measures α=0.5 α=0.2 Pur.
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Evaluations (SemEval-2007), June (2
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2 Related Work The majority of pape
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and Roth, 2009; Lin and Wu, 2009).
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Features Dev Test CoNLL-2003 w 0 +
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Feature Dev Test Test+ — 93.78 91
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the Joint Conference of the 47th An
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tion. It was first included as a sp
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indicates the presence of the ellip
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[Armada britainiarrak] [Ipar Irland
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Información, (JOTRI 2003), pages 1
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Phonetically aided Syntactic Parsin
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mar network or PCFG. Grammar networ
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phonetic confusion that has the con
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in confusion in the network. This i
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Linguistic analyses of the LAST MIN
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Table 1: Comparison between corpora
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Table 2: Most frequent POS patterns
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Table 3: A problematic dialog situa
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6 Summary We have presented the cur
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S-restricted monotone alignments St
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s k n i i: f phh ohehnh ih xh s k n
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Dataset µ G µ P P [G>15] P [P >15
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Perplexity H(L | P ) 2PKE-Uni 7.002
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(1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 1) (4, 1) (1, 2)
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Use of linguistic features for impr
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whereas English has a verb-initial
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Accuracy of Accuracy of Accuracy of
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English Persian Train: Sentences 30
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to compensate for sparsity of paral
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Name # Documents # Tokens # Lemmas
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Figure 1: Precision-Recall graphs c
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A Multi-level Annotation Model for
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and sentence level with the aim of
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(Schmid, 1995; Schiller et al., 199
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EI EII Tag AKR MARK Typography ITER
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References Saima Aman and Stan Szpa
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Robust processing of noisy web-coll
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1. first strip of the papery skin o
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References Jon Chamberlain, Massimo
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ments between its LSRs. Additionall
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Figure 3: In the sense comparison v
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Using Information Retrieval Technol
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against every tree. Others avoid th
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A 0.780715 NN Figure 4: A sp
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# #Documents Index Size 1 29,704 1.
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References P. Bański, C. Belica, H
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(2012), in their corpus study of va
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DET NSUBJ ADV OBJA AMOD Seine Tante
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A Computational Semantic Analysis o
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(6) a. Is Spain very large? b. Is B
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References Alan C. Bale. 2008. A Un
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219 Proceedings of KONVENS 2012 (Ma
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221 Proceedings of KONVENS 2012 (Ma
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Using subcategorization frames to i
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5.2 Word clustering based on the Le
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erage of english grammars. In Proce
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cases not disambiguated using langu
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Not surprisingly, the results show
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Automatic Identification of Languag
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Differences also appear at the synt
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Acknowledgments The authors express
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2 Related Work Previous work on POS
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The XY tag is used for all non-word
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Comparing Variety Corpora with Vis-
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INPUT variety corpus comparability
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References Andrea Abel and Stefanie
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Features Context features (token wi
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0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 F-measure 0
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ties into fine-grained classes. In
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verbials (e.g., therefore, still).
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word raw freq. non conn. conn. (of
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Corpus-based Acquisition of German
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Events Objects IPrec CPrec IPrec CP
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References Marco Baroni, Silvia Ber
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Preface The present proceedings con
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Workshop Program Friday, September
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Unsupervised Sentiment Analysis wit
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pling (Geman and Geman, 1984) to es
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References Anders Björkelund, Bern
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Class # Events in % neutral 45’01
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3.1.1 Rules Let t 1..n be tokens of
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Human 6 System 6 Human 4 System 4 A
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Codebuch Akteursanalyse. rev. 2011.
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of our work in the whole applicatio
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3.4 Negation and graduation Valence
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local context. For instance, in une
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n’était pas très favorable au G
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Domain-specific variation of sentim
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query building blocks comments real
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References Monica Bednarek. 2006. E
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3 Basic Methodology of Annotation T
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(3) A. V případě jeho kandidatur
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4.3 Auxiliary data - Mall.cz We hav
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Overlap f-score Source 0.750 Polar
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A Phrase-Based Opinion List for the
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the Stuttgart-Tübingen Tagset (STT
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As for noun-based opinion phrases a
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More than half of the words and phr
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treebank. In Proceedings of the Wor
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Apart from these, we distinguish op
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close variants)”. In fact importa
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What is the Meaning of 5 *’s? An
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For each category, we follow (Const
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Positivity Term 2.87692577130 elske
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In recent years, the use of rating
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KONVENS 2012 LThist 2012: First Int
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Organisation Committee: Thierry Dec
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Workshop Program Friday, September
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Rule-Based Normalisation of Histori
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isation rules were applied to the i
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ments in the gold standard have bee
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cation in the contemporary SUC samp
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proach. References Maria Ågren, Ro
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2 Related Work There has been consi
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vided to ensure that they are norma
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alects, or even languages. Norma ca
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ization (rather than modernization)
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The Sketch Engine as infrastructure
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2.1 The Corpus of English Dialogues
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Other notable contrasts are that 17
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Evaluating a Post-editing Approach
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Figure 1: Example of a marriage lic
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all possible concatenations of indi
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Table 3: Post-editing results. Time
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okstaffua, bokstaffwa, bokstafwa, b
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Rule Cost v↔u 0.1 v↔w 0.1 u↔o
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graphic word boundaries and conside
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ation. Gulordava and Baroni (2011),
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ut adding a statistical measure to
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e.g. philosophical and political pr
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of the EACL 2009 Workshop on GEMS:
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Most of the research on genre class
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Precision Recall F 1 Unigrams 0.551
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The DTA ‘base format’: A TEI-Su
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Lib are complementary in the sense
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inline metadata solutions for edito
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ing. The fourth level contains an e
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the work package ‘Resources and T
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is mainly used with parallel corpor
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Corrections by the editor were omit
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Accuracy N % All Words 781/1000 78.
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$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ Figure 4
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Digitised Historical Text: Does it
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3 Related Work Previous research on
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5.1 End-of-line Soft Hyphen Deletio
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Page 409 and 410: References Ahmad Abdulkader and Mat
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Page 415 and 416: From Semi-Automatic to Automatic Af
Page 417 and 418: Figure 2: ER-Diagramm of the Morphi
Page 419 and 420: Figure 4: Morphilizer’s implement
Page 421 and 422: Figure 6: Architecture of Morphorm
Page 423 and 424: References Harald R. Baayen, R. Pie
Page 425 and 426: edition has been adopted. This is d
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Page 429 and 430: Word Lemma Class Subclass Type Tens
Page 431 and 432: Figure 3. Sample screenshot of comp
Page 433 and 434: KONVENS 2012 LexSem 2012: Workshop
Page 435 and 436: English) closely and discusses the
Page 437 and 438: Workshop Program Friday, September
Page 439 and 440: verbs were collected mostly from an
Page 441 and 442: 3 Theoretical Background Let us now
Page 443 and 444: are sensible to semantic properties
Page 445 and 446: Cançado, Márcia and Amaral, Luana
Page 447 and 448: morphological tagger for Russian la
Page 449 and 450: whom/which something is taken. (7cz
Page 451 and 452: Verb class same frame different fra
Page 453 and 454: Construction Grammar are introduced
Page 455 and 456: posed to Hon åker på måndag ‘S
Page 457: nitions of Agent, for example. Inst
Page 461 and 462: Källström and Inger Lindberg, edi
Page 463 and 464: scoring function σ : W ×L×W →
Page 465 and 466: esults in the triple 〈heutige Son
Page 467 and 468: Unlexicalized links 7,833,635 n (i)
Page 469 and 470: The difference in accuracies betwee
Page 471 and 472: Towards high-accuracy bilingual phr
Page 473 and 474: over a set of candidate translation
Page 475 and 476: each soft restriction soft m set on
Page 477 and 478: (> 98% in scalable precision) and a
Page 479 and 480: References Colin Bannard and Chris
Page 481 and 482: Preface The need for automatically
Page 483 and 484: 15:50-16:15 Coffee break 16:15-16:4
Page 485 and 486: Standards for the technical infrast
Page 487 and 488: ⎡ ⎤ phrase CATEGORY np ⎡ ⎤
Page 489 and 490: The representation of the feature v
Page 491 and 492: ement, while the interpretation as
Page 493 and 494: hand, checking the validity of FSR
Page 495 and 496: Standardizing metadata descriptions
Page 497 and 498: 2 LMF and semantic interoperability
Page 499 and 500: can register and create DCs. Users
Page 501 and 502: all kinds of lexemes, (see Cruse (1
Page 503 and 504: constraints, because many aspects o
Page 505 and 506: Menzo Windhouwer. 2012. RELcat: a R
Page 507 and 508: the meeting in Rome as a starting p
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As these documents provide the refe
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Two multi-layer annotated corpora r
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As audio data is not directly store
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Jörg Mayer. 1995. Transcription of
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Towards standardized lexical semant
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Getting involved into language reso
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