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Radio Communication Basics 123 Mixer X Serial data Serial to parallel Filter RF oscillator Modulated RF Filter 90 Phase shifter X Mixer Figure 4.23 : Quadrature modulation apart. We see in the diagram that each of these carriers is created from the same source by passing one of them through a 90-degree phase shifter. Now it doesn’t matter which method of modulation is used for each of the phase shifted carriers. Although the two carriers are added together and amplified before transmission, the receiver, by reversing the process used in the transmitter (see Figure 4.24 ), can completely separate the incoming signal into its two components. The diagrams in Figures 4.23 and 4.24 demonstrate quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) where a data stream is split into two, modulated independently bit by bit, then combined to be transmitted on a single carrier. The receiver separates the two data streams, then demodulates and combines them to get the original serial digital data. The phase changes of the carrier in response to the modulation is commonly shown on a vector or constellation diagram. The constellation diagram for QPSK is shown in Figure 4.25 . The Xs on the plot are tips of vectors that represent the magnitude (distance from the origin) and phase of the signal that is the sum of the “ I ” and the “ Q ” carriers shown on Figure 4.23 , where each is multiplied by 1 or 1, corresponding to bit values of 0 and 1. The signal magnitudes of all four possible combinations of the two bits are the same— 2 when the I and Q carriers have a magnitude of 1. I and Q bit value combinations corresponding to each vector are shown on the plot. www.newnespress.com
124 Chapter 4 Mixer X LP filter I RF in RF oscillator Parallel to serial Serial data out 90 Phase shifter X Mixer LP filter Figure 4.24 : Quadrature demodulation Q 120 90 60 150 (0,1) (1,1) 30 100 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 210 (0,0) (1,0) 330 240 We have shown that two data streams, derived from a data stream of rate R2, can be sent in parallel on the same RF channel and at the same bandwidth as a single data stream having half the bit rate, R1. At the receiver end, the demodulation process of each of the split bit streams is exactly the same as it would be for the binary phase shift modulation 270 300 Figure 4.25 : QPSK constellation diagram www.newnespress.com
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Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier 30
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vi Contents 4.8 Diversity Technique
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viii Contents Chapter 13: Managing
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x Contents 20.8 Summary ...........
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About the Authors Steven Arms (Chap
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About the Authors xv Timothy Stapko
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Part 1 Wireless Technology
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4 Chapter 1 Probably the most promi
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Wireless Fundamentals 9 standards a
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12 Chapter 1 classroom, provided th
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14 Chapter 1 for multimedia applica
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16 Chapter 1 is installed on their
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18 Chapter 1 ● Switching off the
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20 Chapter 1 Power Consumption The
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22 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 : The seven
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Wireless Network Logical Architectu
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32 Chapter 2 Layer 2 Data link laye
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40 Chapter 2 guidelines for impleme
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44 Chapter 2 while asynchronous tra
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46 Chapter 2 networks running other
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56 Chapter 3 3.3.2 Access Points Th
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Wireless Network Physical Architect
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Page 83 and 84: Wireless Network Physical Architect
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Page 88 and 89: CHAPTER 4 Radio Communication Basic
Page 90 and 91: Radio Communication Basics 79 In th
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Page 112 and 113: Radio Communication Basics 101 Tabl
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Page 140 and 141: Radio Communication Basics 129 In c
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Page 146 and 147: Radio Communication Basics 135 4.11
Page 148 and 149: CHAPTER 5 Infrared Communication Ba
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Page 154 and 155: CHAPTER 6 Wireless LAN Standards St
Page 156: Wireless LAN Standards 145 Standard
Page 162 and 163: Wireless LAN Standards 151 In passi
Page 164 and 165: Wireless LAN Standards 153 6.3 802.
Page 166 and 167: Wireless LAN Standards 155 Modulati
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Page 170: Wireless LAN Standards 159 short da
Page 174 and 175: Wireless LAN Standards 163 6.4.2 Sp
Page 176 and 177: Wireless LAN Standards 165 Table 6.
Page 178 and 179: Wireless LAN Standards 167 6.4.3.2
Page 180: Wireless LAN Standards 169 Modulati
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Wireless LAN Standards 173 formed i
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CHAPTER 7 Wireless Sensor Networks
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Wireless Sensor Networks 177 wirele
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Wireless Sensor Networks 179 Figure
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182 Chapter 7 It is expected that o
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Wireless Sensor Networks 185 Additi
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Wireless Sensor Networks 187 a trai
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Wireless Sensor Networks 189 7. Mor
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CHAPTER 8 Attacks and Risks John Ri
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Attacks and Risks 195 In addition t
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Attacks and Risks 197 total complai
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Attacks and Risks 199 attributed to
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Attacks and Risks 201 3. receives,
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Attacks and Risks 203 undetected an
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Attacks and Risks 205 Step 3 : Iden
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Attacks and Risks 207 14. U.S. Depa
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210 Chapter 9 9.1 What Is Security?
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212 Chapter 9 Alice (manager) Bob (
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214 Chapter 9 the security policy s
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218 Chapter 9 Figure 9.4 : Enigma M
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Security Defined 223 form of authen
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Security Defined 227 to provide sec
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230 Chapter 9 key hidden from the p
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234 Chapter 10 Before we get starte
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236 Chapter 10 cryptography, using
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238 Chapter 10 A lot of cryptograph
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240 Chapter 10 suspicious involveme
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242 Chapter 10 to ensure that the p
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244 Chapter 10 that we may discover
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246 Chapter 10 10.5.1 SSH Sharing m
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Standardizing Security 249 is estab
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252 Chapter 11 was an internal proj
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254 Chapter 11 authentication, so j
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258 Chapter 11 SSL Session record H
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262 Chapter 11 The client uses the
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268 Chapter 11 11.6 SSL in Practice
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270 Chapter 12 at some specific alg
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272 Chapter 12 ● ● ● ● ●
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274 Chapter 12 The reason the mecha
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276 Chapter 12 // Finally, finalize
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278 Chapter 12 technology for at le
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280 Chapter 12 asymmetric) are much
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282 Chapter 12 and time. Once they
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284 Chapter 12 optimizations we wil
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286 Chapter 12 The trick works beca
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288 Chapter 12 The other common sym
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Cryptography 291 in RSA is less sim
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CHAPTER 13 Managing Access John Rit
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Managing Access 295 13.1.3.2 Accoun
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Managing Access 297 of the session
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Managing Access 299 process of look
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Managing Access 301 3. Deterrent, t
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Managing Access 303 administration
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Managing Access 305 Example of Elem
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Managing Access 307 the system bein
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Managing Access 309 13.2 Password M
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Managing Access 311 13.2.4 Password
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Managing Access 313 password is “
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Managing Access 315 2. U.S. Departm
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318 Chapter 14 The new legislation
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320 Chapter 14 of law enforcement a
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322 Chapter 14 Title IX, “ Improv
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324 Chapter 14 14.5.2 Obtaining Voi
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326 Chapter 14 [6] one applying to
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328 Chapter 14 computer networks; (
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330 Chapter 14 14.5.10 Deterrence a
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332 Chapter 14 now aggregate “ lo
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334 Chapter 14 computer forensic la
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336 Chapter 14 7. Known as the wire
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338 Chapter 15 and share enumerator
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340 Chapter 15 Because this individ
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342 Chapter 15 so on. Most of the s
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344 Chapter 15 15.4.1.4 AiroPeek NX
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346 Chapter 15 modify its content (
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348 Chapter 15 this data, the hacke
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350 Chapter 15 requesting access wi
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352 Chapter 15 corporate network fr
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354 Chapter 15 computer, especially
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356 Chapter 15 pigtail cables and v
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358 Chapter 15 One might think it w
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360 Chapter 15 Few WLAN discovery t
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CHAPTER 16 Security Policy George L
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Security Policy 365 Define a policy
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Part 3 Wireless Network Security
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Security in Traditional Wireless Ne
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374 Chapter 17 network. On the othe
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376 Chapter 17 Ki (128 bit), RAND (
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378 Chapter 17 protection. The abse
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380 Chapter 17 SRES to these challe
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Security in Traditional Wireless Ne
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386 Chapter 17 From a client’s (M
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388 Chapter 17 17.4.3 Authenticatio
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390 Chapter 17 Generate SQN Generat
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392 Chapter 17 Count-c Direction Co
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394 Chapter 17 Count-i Direction Co
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396 Chapter 17 MS SRNC VLR/SGSN 1.
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398 Chapter 17 provide confidential
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CHAPTER 18 Wireless LAN Security Pr
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Wireless LAN Security 405 retrospec
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408 Chapter 18 the former case, it
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410 Chapter 18 1 2 3 4 Station Acce
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Wireless LAN Security 413 18.4.5 Ps
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Wireless LAN Security 415 RC4 encry
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Wireless LAN Security 417 key-strea
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Wireless LAN Security 419 Frame hea
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Wireless LAN Security 421 with (or
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Wireless LAN Security 423 The Wi-Fi
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Wireless LAN Security 425 WEP WPA (
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Wireless LAN Security 427 TSC/IV hi
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432 Chapter 18 a common theme in mo
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434 Chapter 18 Therefore, TKIP uses
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Wireless LAN Security 437 designing
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Wireless LAN Security 439 To summar
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Wireless LAN Security 443 more than
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CHAPTER 19 Security in Wireless Ad
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448 Chapter 19 ● ● ● ● Conc
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452 Chapter 19 is optional. However
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454 Chapter 19 HigherLayer_KeyEst.
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456 Chapter 19 Device A: Verifier D
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458 Chapter 19 The process of gener
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460 Chapter 19 less than 128 bits.
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462 Chapter 19 identity it is clami
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464 Chapter 19 Device A: Master Dev
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466 Chapter 19 Initialize key strea
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468 Chapter 20 Figure 20.1 : The Li
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470 Chapter 20 Figure 20.3 : The ad
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472 Chapter 20 Figure 20.6 : The WE
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Implementing Basic Wireless Securit
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CHAPTER 21 Implementing Advanced Wi
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Implementing Advanced Wireless Secu
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Part 4 Other Wireless Technology
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586 Chapter 22 22.2 The Basics of W
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588 Chapter 22 coming in a distant
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590 Chapter 22 Figure 22.1 : The Ad
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592 Chapter 22 Figure 22.2 : Config
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594 Chapter 22 security as long as
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596 Chapter 22 you protect these fi
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598 Chapter 22 22.4.3 Use Encryptio
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600 Chapter 22 22.6 Additional Reso
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602 Chapter 23 by modern networked
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Wireless Embedded System Security 6
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CHAPTER 24 RFID Security Frank Thor
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RFID Security 617 encryption in 197
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RFID Security 619 Figure 24.2 : RFI
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RFID Security 621 Figure 24.3 : Two
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RFID Security 623 24.5.1 Tag/Label
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626 Chapter 24 The reader retrieves
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RFID Security 629 Table 24.2 : RFID
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RFID Security 631 Figure 24.7 : Fak
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RFID Security 633 ExxonMobil has ex
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RFID Security 635 database was not
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RFID Security 637 can obtain a dram
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RFID Security 639 At any point in t
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RFID Security 641 lost? Will it be
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RFID Security 643 possibility of St
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RFID Security 645 building and to e
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RFID Security 647 If we make three
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APPENDIX A Wireless Policy Essentia
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Wireless Policy Essentials 651 netw
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Wireless Policy Essentials 653 Ins
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Wireless Policy Essentials 655 ●
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Wireless Policy Essentials 657 prop
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Wireless Policy Essentials 661 wher
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Wireless Policy Essentials 663 appr
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Wireless Policy Essentials 665 Netw
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Wireless Policy Essentials 667 3. C
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Wireless Policy Essentials 669 14.
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Wireless Policy Essentials 671 3. D
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Wireless Policy Essentials 673 3.0
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Wireless Policy Essentials 675 been
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Wireless Policy Essentials 677 and
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Wireless Policy Essentials 679 comp
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Wireless Policy Essentials 681 appr
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Wireless Policy Essentials 697 The
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APPENDIX B Glossary Tony Bradley Ac
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Glossary 703 Broadband: Technically
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Glossary 705 Encryption: Encryption
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Glossary 707 to “ chat ” in rea
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Glossary 709 NAT: Network Address T
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Glossary 711 French and one German,
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Glossary 713 Trojan: A Trojan horse
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716 Index Access control (continued
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718 Index Cyberterrorism, deterrenc
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720 Index Linksys WRV54G VPN broadb
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722 Index Secure Sockets Layer (SSS
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724 Index Wireless embedded system
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726 Index Wireless security impleme
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