Our Children Our Future Our Vision - People for Education

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Our Children, Our Future, Our Vision 4. Programs and Funding “Discrimination and racism must be stopped! The under-funding is a policy that directly indicates the governments are fully aware of these continuing practices.” (Councillor) To say that the current education system in First Nations is not working at an optimal level is an understatement. Even for First Nations that have their own schools, band school teachers often have lower salaries, have less job security, benefits or training and there is a chronic shortage of specialists and resources to support multiple level learning. 140 Many schools are run-down and there is a chronic shortage of direct funding for students to attend post-secondary institutions. 141 The discriminatory, chronic underfunding of First Nation children in education results in approximately $2000 to $3000 less per student per year. 142 Since 1996, there has been a 2% cap on the funding formula despite an annual need increase of 6.3% to cover inflation and population growth. 143 The section which follows looks specifically at these funding issues; the various educational programs; and the ongoing barriers for First Nations in Ontario. 140 Modelling educational success, supra note 91 at 146. 141 Assembly of First Nations, “Fact Sheet” First Nations Education Funding”, online: AFN [AFN Fact Sheet]. 142 Our Dreams Matter, supra note 85 at 8. 143 AFN Fact Sheet, supra note 141. 29 Chiefs of Ontario
Our Children, Our Future, Our Vision (a) Funding Under the delegated authority of the Constitution Act, 1867 INAC funds First Nations education in Canada. Funding can be transferred to First Nations and First Nations organizations from the federal government using one or more of the following approaches: 144 AANDC Funding Approaches Key Elements: Funding Approach Treatment of Unspent Funds Redirection of Funding To Other Programs or Projects During Agreement Grant Can be retained by the recipient Grant is to be used for any expenditure related to the purpose, activity or initiative being funded. Set Contribution Returned at end of each year Funds are to be expended as identified in the funding agreement. Cannot be redirected to other programs or projects. Criteria for AANDC Recovery of Funding Recipient becomes ineligible Funding is unspent or spent on ineligible items Fixed Contribution (Aboriginal recipients only) Returned annually unless used in the next year in the same program. Can also be kept and used in other areas if a plan outlining the activities to be undertaken with the unspent funds is approved by the department prior to use. Funds are to be expended as identified in the funding agreement. Cannot be redirected to other programs or projects. A plan is not provided/not approved where required, or Funding is not spent within timeline, or is spent on ineligible items Flexible Contribution (Aboriginal recipients only) Carried forward each fiscal year during the agreement or the project; and returned at end of agreement or project whichever comes first Funds are to be expended as identified in the funding agreement and cannot be redirected to other programs or projects. Funds may be redirected between cost categories in the project as defined in the funding agreement. Funding is unspent at the end of project or agreement or is spent on ineligible items A plan is not provided/not approved where required, or Funding is not spent within timeline, or is spent on ineligible items Block Contribution (Aboriginal recipients only) Can be kept if used for activities in the block. Can also be kept for other activities outside the block if a plan outlining the activities to be undertaken with the unspent funds is approved by the department prior to use Redirection of funding is allowed among any and all programs included in the block during the life of the agreement, subject to delivery standards being met. Specific delivery requirements as outlined in the Elementary/Secondary Education Program Guidelines or the specific program guidelines are included in the funding agreements. Multi-year agreements can enable First Nations to reduce their administrative burden; however, they are also less responsive to student enrollment increases and increases in the provincial tuition rates for students attending provincial schools. The funding designated for First Nations education pays for students normally resident on reserve to attend elementary and secondary schools, whether the schools are on or off reserve. For council-operated schools (those located within the First Nation) the education funding is provided through the local education authority. For students attending provincially funded schools (outside of the First Nation community), the funding is provided by the First Nation to the associated 144 Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, “Frequently Asked Questions: Funding Approaches” (Ottawa: INAC, 2011), online: INAC . Chiefs of Ontario 30
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