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14 Table 3.1 A selection of component-based modelling initiatives Title Author Reference Comments LMS: Land Management System http://www.uiuc.edu DEEM: Dynamic Environmental Effects Model SME: Spatial Modelling Environment MMS: Modular Modelling System US Army Corps; Jim Westervelt (University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign) US Dept of Energy's Argonne National Lab, Chicago John Bolte, Oregon State University Bob Costanza, Tom Maxwell, Ferdinando Villa George Leavesley http://www.dis.anl.g ov/DEEM/hla.html http://biosys.bre.orst. edu/Pubs/Spokane/S POKANE.htm http://kabir.cbl.cees.e du/SMP/MVD/SME 2.html Maxwell and Costanza (1997) http://www.usbr.gov/ rsmg/warsmp/mms Emphasis on integrating existing spatially-explicit models. Considering HLA, DIAS or FRAMES for component technology DEEM is an example application for providing integration and interoperability between environmental simulation models. Based on DIAS, an OO framework (based on DCOM) for integrating simulation models, information processing and databases. Models implemented in C++, SmallTalk. Advanced development of object-based modelling approaches, but not a single, deliverable system. More 'object-based' than 'component-based' "Allows users to create and share modular, reusable model components." Applications: ELM (Everglades Landscape Model); PLM (Patuxent Landscape Model) Currently (1997), modules developed using in-house graphical modelling environment or MML (Modular Modelling Language), but SME wrapper being developed that will use Object Request Broker technology, for wrapping up legacy code. Also used to develop a number of TES ('Threatened and Endangered Species' models at GMS, the Geographic Modeling Systems lab (University of Illinois at Urnbana-Champaign): see http://blizzard.gis.uiuc.edu/HTMLdocs/TES.html Includes tool for selecting and linking module input/outputs, and for linking to GIS (ArcInfo/GRASS). Modules implemented in Fortran or C. Applications: US Bureau of Reclamation river basin management for Gunnison River, Colorado; Tennessee Valley Authority/Electrical Power Research Institute river basin modelling; TERRA laboratory modelling of watershedscale movement of nutrients and pesticides. Modulus RIKS http://www.riks.nl/Ri ksGeo/proj_mod.htm Combines modules land use change, hydrology, crops and natural vegetation. Based on ActiveX and COM. NED-FVS: Potter, Liu, Deng and A full DSS, using DCOM.
15 LAMOS: Landscape Modelling Shell RiverWare HYDRA EDSS: environmental Decision Support System Forest Research Core Model Modular Multipurpose Integrated Assessment System MODCOM CMSS: Catchment Management Support System Rauscher Sandra Lavorel, Ian Davies, Ian Noble CADSWES: Center for Advanced Decision Support for Water and Environmental Systems CSIRO Land and Water; CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences; Sydney Water Corporation Modelling Center North Carolina UK Forest Research Tyndall Centre, U.K. Oregon State University, Wageningen Agricultural University CSIRO Land and Water http://www.gcte.org/l amos http://cadswes.colora do.edu/riverware/rive rware_info.html Abel et al, (1994) http://www.iceis.mcn c.org/EDSS http://www.tyndall.a c.uk/research/theme1 /theme1_flagship.sht ml http://www.biosys.or st.edu/modcom/ Davis and Farley (1997) A landscape modelling environment being developed within GCTE 2.2. Aims to permit comparison of alternative models, assemblage of new models from a toolbox of model components and user-produced modules. Emphasis on fire, vegetation spread and biogeochemical fluxes. Visual, object-based environment for constructing models of catchments from components (pre-built or entered via an equation editor. Non-spatial, but does enable river networks consisting of multiple segments to be constructed. Integrates existing modelling systems in a 'federated' architecture for water quality management. Aimed at making it easy to add new and legacy models. Use can paint land use change scenarios. Aimed at air quality modelling, but designed to allow easy connecting of modules to make more complex models. Framework for integrating a number of disparate legacy models Proposed framework for constructing climate change models from modules for individual subsystems (biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, etc) Framework based on COM for the assembly of simulation models from previously and independently developed component models Effect of alternative catchment management practices on nutrient export. Customisable, transparent.
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