Journal of the Royal Naval Scientific Service. Volume 27, Number 2 ...

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Materials Development: Conde and Godfrey 119 TABLE 4. Continued mtertal Form and Condition test Teogter- at ire 0.2* Proof Stress or Yield stress Tensile Strength Elong- ation reduction or Area notched Young's shear T.n.11. Modulus Modulus strength Charpy Vee lapact Rer. «C MN/m 2 ksl ttH/a, ? ksl * ,' ' CH/it 2 1C 6 Wl ! CH/B 2 10 6 paI rUtfii 2 ksl J d.lb Nickel/ AluaJnlujB Brome And cast 20 -78 -196 -253 -269 302.6 J2S.8 377.6 1.23.7 1*13.14 I4I4 1.7.8 514.9 61.6 60.1 696.1 101.2 719.5 106.6 605.5 117.1 870.6 126.6 897.6 130.5 11 9 8 8 6 9 9 7 2 S 115.8 112.7 127.6 127.6 127.6 16.8 17.8 18.5 18.5 ie.5 899.8 105-2 1 777-7 112.B 819.8 118.9 1 839.8 121.8 1 8l6.3 1 M, 13-6 10 10.8 8 8.1 6 8.1 6 12 Nickel 8ar 19.05 aa Annealed 20 -76 -196 -253 IU4.I1 15it.8 192.6 261.1. 21 22.5 28 38 I4I4O.2 61, 4488.4, 71 632.6 92 770.4, 112 1* 52 62 59 66 66 75 67 196.5 i». 213.7 213.7 26.5 29 31 31 13 Alloy 718 Forging fully neat treated 20 -78 -196 -253 997.li 1128.1 1210.6 1279.1. 11.5 161, 176 186 1251.9 182 1368.8 199 1637.I 238 1678.1. aj, 29 27 32 28 Ui I4I4 37 38 til TiianiuB- 6 A1-I*V 3.eet-anneale
120 J.R.N.S.S., Vol. 27, No. 2 FIG. 2. 9% nickel steel storage tank for liquid oxygen installed in a steel works. (by courtesy of Air Products Limited) 304L and Type 316L have the optimum balance of strength, ductility and impact properties coupled with stability against embrittlement during long term exposure or thermal cycling. Austenitic stainless steels suffer in general from low proof stress and in recent years high proof stainless steels' 2 '" based on Types 304, 304L, 316, 316L and 347 have been developed by addition of about 0-2% nitrogen. Suoh materials are being employed with economic advantage in cryogenic pressure vessels now that design codes permit a proof stress design criterion rather than the former UTS criterion which was unfavourable to stainless steels. These stainless steels have proof stress properties about 50% better than similar non-nitrogen bearing materials. For aerospace applications such as propellant tanks for space boosters, pressure vessels containing liquid gases and high strength fasteners, high specific strength is important. Aluminium alloys and titanium alloys have FIG. 3 Copper tube vapourizing coil for oxygen production plant. (by courtesy INCO Limited and CDA) been employed for tanks and pressure vessels and the high strength nickel-base alloy 718 for bofPts' 21 '. Interstitial elements such as carbon and hydrogen have an adverse effect on the cryogenic properties of titanium and its alloys and extra-low interstitial content materials are employed for aerospace applications. Metal lined glass filament wound pressure vessels have also been studied 1 "' with the winding adhesively bonded to metal liners of austenitic stainless steel, aluminium alloy or titanium alloy. For certain cargo tanks in ships the use of membrane tanks' 21 ", where the load carrying function is divorced from the cryogenic containment, is growing in the interests of economy. Membranes may be of Type 304L stainless steel, or 36% nickel-iron. Such liners are corrugated or dimpled to allow for accommodation of differential thermal expansion and may be only 1-25 mm thick (Type 304L) or 0-5 mm thick (36% Ne-Fe). Thicker, plain membranes of 9% nickel steel about 6 mm
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