Roads of Arabia

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12 Arabie US p170-207_CM_BAT.qxd 23/06/10 21:46 Page 194 ROADS OF ARABIA North-Eastern Arabia (circa 5000–2000 BC) 43. Bowl c. 2550–2350 BC (Early Dynastic III) Chlorite H. about 6; Diam. about 13 cm Tarut, al-Rufayah National Museum, Riyadh, 2010 Bibliography: Zarins 1978, no. 587; Riyadh 2009, p. 167. 44. Bowl 3rd millennium BC Alabaster H. 5.5; Diam. 14 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1288 Bibliography: Potts 1989, p. 21 (top left). 46. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite H. about 4 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1242 47. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite H. about 6 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1224 48. Lid fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite 6.5 x 7 x 0.5 cm Tarut, al-Rufayah National Museum, Riyadh, 1227 The island of Tarut has yielded eight bell-shaped vessels, made of very dark chlorite. 1 They have also been found in the Emirates in tombs of the Umm an-Nar period, 2 and in the Royal Cemetery at Ur, where they were associated, as in Tarut, with vessels decorated with figurative motifs. 3 A few vases have also been found in southeastern Iran (Tepe Yahya and Shahdad), where these bowls were probably produced. 4 M. C. Prestigious objects carved in alabaster were highly prized by the urban elite as symbols of their social status. However, the stone was not known for its functional qualities – alabaster is too porous to be used for storing liquids. This type of bowl was found throughout the Near and Middle East in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. M. C. Bibliography: Zarins 1978, no. 69; Burkholder 1971, pl. V, no. 13 a–b–c, and p. 311, figs 2a–c. Bibliography: Zarins 1978, no. 42, 2637; Golding 1974, figs 4 and 13. Bibliography: Burkholder 1971, pl. IV no. 12; Zarins 1978, no. 2645 and 699–13–5; no. 62. 1. Zarins 1978, nos 5, 91, 334, 417, 497, 585 and 593. 2. Al Sufouh: Benton 1996, p. 163; Hili: Cleuziou and Vogt 1985, fig. 4 no. 2. 3. Wooley 1934, pl. 245.51, type 49–51. 4. Hakemi 1997, figs 1–4. 45. Bowl 3rd millennium BC Veined alabaster about 10 x 10 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1997 Bibliography: Riyadh 2009, p. 166. Holes left by rivets show that this vessel was repaired in Antiquity, giving us an indication of the value attached to this prestigious possession. Bowls of this shape were common in Mesopotamia and Iran (Ur, Kish, Tepe-Moussian and Shahr-i Sokhta). 1 M. C. 49. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite 9 x 4.8 x 0.9 cm Tarut, al-Rufayah National Museum, Riyadh, 1240 50. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite H. about 7 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1254/2 51. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite 7.5 x 10.8 cm Tarut, al-Rufayah National Museum, Riyadh, 1234 1. See Casanova 1991, series XII, p. 36. Bibliography: Burkholder 1971, pl. VI, no. 15a; Zarins 1978, 2652 and 69–12 A; no. 47; Al-Rashid 1975, p. 148. Bibliography: Burkholder 1971, pl. VI, no. 16; Zarins 1978, no. 2647 and 70–6 A; no. 48. Bibliography: Zarins 1978, 2632 and 71–7 B; no. 546. 194 195
12 Arabie US p170-207_CM_BAT.qxd 23/06/10 21:46 Page 196 ROADS OF ARABIA North-Eastern Arabia (circa 5000–2000 BC) 52. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite 13 x 8 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1248/2 53. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite 11 x 2 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1255/2 Bibliography: Burkholder 1971, pl. III, no. 2. 56. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite H. about 11 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1253/1 57. Vessel Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite H. about 9.5 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1246 Bibliography: Burkholder 1971, pl. III, no. 5; Zarins 1978, no. 64. Bibliography: Burkholder 1971, pl. II, no.4; Zarins 1978; no. 57; Riyadh 2009, p. 166. 54. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite about 5 x 4 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 3134 55. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite H. about 4 cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 1250 58. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite 6 x 5cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 3134/4 59. Vessel fragment Second half of the 3rd millennium BC Chlorite 5 x 4cm Tarut National Museum, Riyadh, 3135/1 Bibliography: Zarins 1978, no. 569. Bibliography: Burkholder 1971, pl. IV, no. 10. 196 197
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E A S M E D I T E R R A N E A N Jer
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ROADS OF ARABIA The Pilgrimage Road
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ROADS OF ARABIA al-Aqra‘ and al-H
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