14.4. Normal Curvature and the Second Fun- damental Form

Using the abbreviations
X uu = ∂2 X
∂u 2 ,
X uv = ∂2 X
∂u∂v ,
X vv = ∂2 X
∂v 2 ,
Normal Curvature . . .
Geodesic Curvature . . .
since X ′ = X u u ′ + X v v ′ , using the chain rule, we get
X ′′ = X uu (u ′ ) 2 + 2X uv u ′ v ′ + X vv (v ′ ) 2 + X u u ′′ + X v v ′′ .
In order to decompose X ′′ = κ −→ n into its normal component
(along N) and its tangential component, we use a neat trick
suggested by Eugenio Calabi.
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