Stewart approach 63, 71 sympathetic tone 120 systolic 29, 90 tachycardia 33, 73, 74 tachypnoea 33 temperature 28, 29, 83 tissue damage 88, 105 tissue hypoxia 66 tissue oedema 42 tissue perfusion 103, 117, 119 120 total blood volume 10, 24, 25 total body sodium 101 total body water 9, 10, 17, 23, 41 transcapillary escape 11, 20, 21 trauma 21, 79, 102, 118 vasodilatation 82 vasopressin 16 venous catheters 34 venous pressure 31, 33, 73, 74 75, 87 volume deficit 19, 25, 29, 32 44, 99 volume exp<strong>and</strong>ing capacity 41, 43, 44 volume expansion 26, 33, 44, 45 volume <strong>of</strong> colloid 44 volume <strong>of</strong> crystalloid 42, 44 volume replacement 43, 76 volume status 55, 73, 74, 75 78, 81, 84, 86, 87 92, 93 water <strong>and</strong> salt 9, 13, 16, 21, 102 water balance 5, 13, 14, 30 34, 36, 54, 74 101, 102, 103 weight 9, 10, 23, 24, 30, 34, 36 38, 43, 44, 54, 74, 83, 91 103, 105, 113, 120 134
135
- Page 1 and 2:
Dileep N. Lobo Andrew J. P. Lewingt
- Page 3 and 4:
Basic Concepts of Fluid and Electro
- Page 5 and 6:
Foreword This book, ‘Basic Concep
- Page 7:
Table of Contents 1. Normal Physiol
- Page 10 and 11:
ever, contains large anions such as
- Page 12 and 13:
Oral intake 1.5-2 L Saliva 1.5 L Ga
- Page 14 and 15:
Table 2: Normal maintenance require
- Page 16 and 17:
Kidney: this is the main organ for
- Page 18 and 19:
Conversely, if the intake of Na + i
- Page 20 and 21:
volume at all costs. It also explai
- Page 22 and 23:
Conclusion Appropriate fluid therap
- Page 24 and 25:
Intravascular fluid volume - the to
- Page 26 and 27:
Colloid - a fluid consisting of mic
- Page 28 and 29:
Base excess - Base excess is define
- Page 30 and 31:
Parameter Urine output Significance
- Page 32 and 33:
Figure 5: Example of a vital signs
- Page 34 and 35:
Fluid balance charts These provide
- Page 36 and 37:
Osmolality In the presence of AKI,
- Page 38 and 39:
Chloride Despite the fact that seru
- Page 41 and 42:
4. Properties of Intravenous Crysta
- Page 43 and 44:
6-12 h. The colloid should be metab
- Page 45 and 46:
Table 8: Advantages and disadvantag
- Page 47:
Plasma- Sterofundin 0.18% Plasma-Ly
- Page 50 and 51:
50 Patients receiving artificial nu
- Page 52 and 53:
Once resuscitation has been achieve
- Page 54 and 55:
(3) The answer to this question is
- Page 57 and 58:
6. Methods of Fluid Administration
- Page 59 and 60:
Central Modern single or multi lume
- Page 61 and 62:
7. Acid-Base Balance Introduction M
- Page 63 and 64:
vide a simple description of the mo
- Page 65 and 66:
change in Pco 2 = respiratory proce
- Page 67 and 68:
Table 15: Causes of metabolic acido
- Page 69 and 70:
Renal HCO 3 - loss results from re
- Page 71:
Mixed acid-base disorders These are
- Page 74 and 75:
Urine output should be interpreted
- Page 76 and 77:
assess clinical response to fluid i
- Page 78 and 79:
Oliguria following surgery 48 h and
- Page 80 and 81:
Definition AKI is a result of a rap
- Page 82 and 83:
AKI is most commonly secondary to a
- Page 84 and 85: History Examination Investigations
- Page 86 and 87: Management Prevention Any patient a
- Page 88 and 89: if no clinical response and no pulm
- Page 90 and 91: acidosis pH 7.2-7.4 - there is ver
- Page 92 and 93: Referral to nephrologist NOT all p
- Page 94 and 95: Follow up Acute kidney injury is a
- Page 96 and 97: DKA and HONK represent the two extr
- Page 98 and 99: Fluids and insulin In the absence
- Page 100 and 101: Surgery in the patient with diabete
- Page 102 and 103: 10 mmol/l/day. In the differential
- Page 104 and 105: portionately more water is lost tha
- Page 106 and 107: Hypokalaemia: a fall in serum conce
- Page 108 and 109: Four common aspects of Ca 2+ disord
- Page 110 and 111: Treatment depends on severity and c
- Page 112 and 113: 112
- Page 114 and 115: Hypophosphataemia
- Page 116 and 117: 116
- Page 118 and 119: Prolonged periods of preoperative f
- Page 120 and 121: position to postoperative parotitis
- Page 122 and 123: 13. *Chowdhury AH, Lobo DN. Fluids
- Page 124 and 125: 42. Hussein H, Lewington A, Kanagas
- Page 126 and 127: 67. *Michell AR. Diuresis and diarr
- Page 128 and 129: 94. *Stewart PA. Modern quantitativ
- Page 130 and 131: colloids 7, 26, 41, 42, 43 44, 45,
- Page 132 and 133: intravascular compartment 20, 41, 4
- Page 136: Dileep N. Lobo Andrew J. P. Lewingt