Household Metabolism in the Five Cities.

More documents

Recommendations

Info

countries involved in the Toolsust project, a number of adjustments were needed. Chapter 3 gives description of the data used in the Swedish EAP version. For each country, the energy intensities of the production sectors distinguished in the Input-output table were calculated using country specific energy data and economic data. It turned out that data is available in different degrees of detail in different countries. The level of detail at which the energy intensities were calculated was merely determined by the availability of energy data. To calculate the energy intensities per country the following economic data were used: • An input-output table with intermediate deliveries, in basic prices. • An input-output table with competitive and non-competitive imports. Competitive imports are imported commodities that are also produced domestically whereas non-competitive imports are not produced domestically. • Per sector: total domestic production value. • Per sector: net value added. • Per sector: energy prices payed by the producers. In some cases due to lack of data the energy price per group of sectors was used. • Per sector: consumption of fixed capital (depreciation of capital goods). In addition to economic data, information on energy consumption per sector, divided per fuel type, is required to calculate the energy intensities of the input-output sectors. The energy intensities were calculated using primary energy terms. The energy required to produce primary energy and process it into useful fuels or electricity is included in the so-called ERE (Energy Requirement for Energy) value. Except for electricity, it was assumed that the ERE values for fuels were the same in the various countries. This assumption was not valid for electricity production since electricity is produced in different ways in the different countries using a various combination of fossil energy, nuclear fuels, and renewable sources. EAP analyses Once the national database was available, EAP was used to calculate the energy intensities of consumer items. The selection of relevant consumer goods was merely based on the available household budget surveys. Per country, two important sets of data were needed: • Consumer prices • Expenditure surveys • The format of the various datasets differs per country. The Swedish datasets will be presented in more detail in chapter 3. Taxes (such as motor vehicle taxes) were not included in the calculation of the energy intensities of consumer goods and services in the budget survey. Spending on taxes is viewed as collective spending and can therefore not be ascribed to an individual household. Furthermore it is very difficult to identify where the tax money is spent. Medical costs (except for medicines directly paid for by households) were also not 13
included in the EAP analyses, as medical care is usually paid through insurances and cannot be ascribed to an individual household. Per EAP analysis, different types of information are needed: • Price information (i.e. consumer price of the product, incl. VAT). • Composition of the product (i.e. type and amount of the basic goods and type and amount of packaging materials). • The origin of the product (i.e. name of the manufacturer, names of the wholesale and retail trade and transport distances). • How the consumer product is treated after being used (i.e. waste processing including recycling). Example of a calculation using EAP To give a better idea of the possibilities and outcome of a general EAP analysis we present one here. The case of refrigerators and freezers has been elaborated further to give an impression of the outcome of the EAP model. The example comes from the Swedish EAP. 14
Page 1 and 2: Household Metabolism in the Five Ci
Page 3 and 4: ISSN 1404-6520 Fms homepage: www.fm
Page 5 and 6: 2 Summary The study present results
Page 7 and 8: 3 Introducing the household metabol
Page 9 and 10: level implies the design of metabol
Page 11 and 12: 3.6 Household metabolism: focus on
Page 13: Economic I-O data Energy Statistics
Page 17 and 18: 4.3 Non-Eap analyses Most energy in
Page 19 and 20: Basic goods The table Basic Goods i
Page 21 and 22: years old, and 54 % of them partici
Page 23 and 24: From this information, we estimated
Page 25 and 26: well as stakeholders’ opinions ab
Page 27 and 28: 3 1000 Euro 2.5 2 1.5 1 motor fuel
Page 29 and 30: household used 4700 kWh in their ap
Page 31 and 32: 7.2 How many items do the household
Page 33 and 34: The absolute figures for indirect e
Page 35 and 36: Table 6.1: Total expenditures durin
Page 37 and 38: 6% 8% 19% food house household effe
Page 39 and 40: At the level of analysing consumpti
Page 41 and 42: primary GJ 800 700 600 500 400 tota
Page 43 and 44: The energy profiles for different h
Page 45 and 46: IVL, 2001: Jessica Granath, persona
Page 47 and 48: Appendix 1: Input output sectors se
Page 49 and 50: Appendix 3: Packaging materials Ene
Page 51 and 52: Appendix 5: Energy use for differen
Page 53 and 54: Appendix 6 continued Code of Energy
Page 59 and 60: Appendix 7: Taxes Bread and grains
Page 61 and 62: Appendix 8 continued Item ship lorr

Household Metabolism in the Five Cities.

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?