Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries - SSWM

Project Framework
EcoSan demonstration project
Coordination
Urban Environmental Management
System (UEMS)
Natural Resources and Environmental
Board (NREB) of Sarawak
Danish International Development
Assistance (DANIDA)
December 2003
9 residential terraced houses (average
of 5 persons per household)
Natural Resources and Environment
Board, 18th–20th Floor, Menara
Pelita, Petra Jaya
93050 Kuching, Sarawak
Malaysia
Fax: +6082442945
www.nreb.gov.my
Chong, B., 2005. Implementation
of an urban pilot scale ecological
sanitation wastewater treatment
system in Kuching Sarawak,
Malaysia. Appendix 5, Report
No. UEMS_TEC_02_45, Natural
Resources and Environment Board
Sarawak
Jenssen, P.D., 2005. An urban
ecological sanitation pilot study
in humid tropical climate. Report
No. UEMS_TEC_02_47, Natural
Resources and Environmental Board
Sarawak
Sarawak Development Institute,
2005. Quick appraisal of views on
the eco-sanitation project at Hui Sing
Garden, Kuching. Report No. UEMS_
TEC_02_51, Urban Environmental
Management System (UEMS)
Kuching, the capital of the Malaysian State of Sarawak, is located
on the Island of Borneo in the South China Sea. The city is situated
along both sides of Sungai Sarawak (Sarawak River), some 40 km
of unstable peat swamp and soft clay. The city of Kuching is currently
lacking a wastewater treatment plant, and the local subsurface
conditions make a conventional centralised wastewater system
expensive to implement. Most buildings (residential, institutional,
commercial, and industrial) in Kuching are equipped with two separate
wastewater outlets, one outlet for blackwater (toilet wastewater) and
one or more for greywater (washing, bathing and kitchen), although
tanks, either within the housing plot or at communal level serving
commercial buildings or residential complexes.
the stormwater drains from where they are conveyed into the nearest
aquatic system. Greywater is also discharged into the stormwater
network or directly into receiving waters. Some oil and grease traps
have been installed at large food outlets at the request of Kuching
North City Hall (DBKU) and Kuching City South Council (MBKS).
These facilities are, however, generally undersized and often only
emptied irregularly.
The demonstration project described herewith is based on source
separation of blackwater and greywater from nine residential terraced
Kuching. The treatment facility is located in the adjacent park and
operated since December 2003.
Kitchen
Holte, J.A. and Aas, H., 2005. Effects
of frequent dosing in a pre-treatment
biofilters under warm climate
conditions. Master Thesis, Norwegian
University of Life Sciences
Bath
Laundry
Q=6.8m 3 /d
Anaerobic baffled reactor
V=6.3m 3
HRT=24h
Dosing
chamber
Aerobic filter
h = 0.6 m
HLR=67cm/d
OLR = 53 g BOD/m 2 /d
4x1.75m 3 /d
Horizontal-flow planted filter
A=85m 2 (2.8 m 2 /p)
HLR = 8 cm/d
Discharge
Examples of Greywater Management Systems
76