A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO PREDICT ... - SuSanA

household level. 17 It is also seen as the water originating from wastewater including
domestic, industrial sewage. 18 With these definitions, one can generally refer to
sanitation as the management of wastes to prevent the outbreak of diseases and ensure
sustainable environment. Waste which has been mention many time in this paper, “is
the movable objects which the owner wishes to dispose of or whose controlled disposal
is necessary to ensure the wellbeing of the general public and in particular the protection
of the environment.” 19 Despite its necessity, waste has always got a negative
connotation that at the mention of it what comes to mind is garbage, rubbish or toxic
material which is related the second problem discussed under the problem statement.
However, one thing that one need to keep in mind is that waste does not vanish after
disposal and for that matter what is regarded as wastes can be a resource in the future. 20
Therefore, any sanitation undertaking needs to secure concrete improvement in
cleanliness in the disposal of wastes and in hygiene habit. 21
There are four main components of sanitation and these are solid waste management,
excreta management, grey water management and rain water management. 22 Solid
waste management refers to the management of both degradable (bio-waste) and nondegradable
wastes from households and communities. This involves their collection,
transfer, transportation and disposal. 23 Excreta (faeces and urine) are the wastes produce
as humans and animals remove non-useful materials from their systems and in terms of
their flow system they are referred to as brown water for faeces and yellow water for
urine. They are managed when they are disposed well. Grey water can be managed if
the water from bathing and washing are treated for use without the addition of other
liquids like urine. 24 Rain water management refers to the collection and storing of
rainwater for future use. This paper for the purpose of the case study will focus on
excreta and solid bio-waste.
2.1.3. Conventional sanitation and ecosan
Conventional sanitation refers to the traditional or normal sanitation management where
the end results of the sanitation systems are not considered and so bring about health
17 UNEP/GPA-UNESCO-IHE-UN/DOALOS, 2004, p. 15.
18 Pinnekamp, 2007, p. 6/1
19 BMZ (1995), p. 289
20 Dijkema, 2000, p. 634
21 Arnold Pacey, 1980, p. 66.
22 De Silva, 2007, p. 12.
23 Kleiss, Torsten, 2008, p. 20
24 Werner, Christen, et al 2003, p. 18
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