A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO PREDICT ... - SuSanA

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Figure 3: Basics of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Beliefs about outcome Evaluation of these outcomes Attitude towards the behaviour Beliefs about important others’ attitude to behaviour Motivation to comply with others Subjective norm Behavioural intention Behaviour Internal control factors External control factors Perceived Behavioural control Source: Ogden, Jane, 2007, p. 31 One may realised that detail explanation was not given to behaviour as a component on the structure of TPB. This is because the focus of the study is up to behavioural intentions and not to behaviour. 2.3. Some researches done based on TPB Many studies have been done based on TPB from diverse angles with different objectives. It has been used in predicting wide range of behaviours but mostly in healthrelevant behaviours and in all these, PTB have been successful in its application in explaining variations in intentions and actions across behaviour. Sometimes, there are significant variations in the findings but they are mostly due to the differences in behaviours in the areas it is applied. 116 These variations will come out clearly in the following studies to be discussed. 116 Conner, Mark and Normann, Paul 2007, pp. 176-214 21
The efficacy or the extent of control of TPB was assessed in a meta-analytic review by Christopher Armitage and Mark Conner in 2001. The aims of the study among others were to measure the extent of control of the theory, to assess the extent to which the theory predict the relation between observed and self reported behaviour, consider the differences in the conceptualization of intentions and evidences for their differences, consider the differentiation between PBC and self-efficacy and to consider the measurement adequacy of subjective norm. 117 The aim of the study were necessary because it had been realised that TPB and other behavioural decision-making models turn to rely on self-reports despite arguments outlining their weaknesses and it is important in this study because it influences the methodology. Also, despite the argument of Icek Adjen 118 that perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy can be used interchangeably, other scholars argue that, they are completely different from one another. Moreover, it has been realised that there are many ways of measuring intentions and they are distinct from self-predictions. Furthermore, many researchers have realised that subjective norms is the least predictor of intentions and behaviour. 119 The study revealed that TPB is a good theory to predict intentions and behaviour and that the prediction of self-reported behaviour is stronger than the observed behaviour. It also revealed that there are evidences for the distinction between desire, intentions and self prediction. Moreover, there are evidences supporting the distinction between perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy. In addition, subjective norm can be a good predictor of intentions and behaviour if only it is measured with multi-item scales. 120 Rise, Astrøm and Sutton 121 applied TPB to predict intentions and use of dental floss among adolescents who were at the age of fifteen. This is because dental floss is considered to be strong in reducing a number of dental diseases. 122 It was a third followup of a research project which started in 1990 and the empirical data for the study under consideration was collected in 1992. The findings of the study showed that the intentions of the adolescents to use the dental floss are influenced by subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavioural control. However, subjective norm was the strongest 117 Armitage, Christopher and Conner, Mark, 2001, p. 475-479. 118 Ajzen, Icek, 1988 119 Ibid, p.478 120 Armitage, Christopher and Conner, Mark, 2001, p. 485 121 Rise, Jostem; Astrøm, Anne and Sutton, Stephen, 1998 122 Ibid, p. 223 22
Page 1 and 2: A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO PREDICT
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgement I cannot claim owne
Page 5 and 6: 3.2. The preparation of the ecosan
Page 7 and 8: Table 15: R, R square and the adjus
Page 9 and 10: List of Abbreviations/Acronyms EAWA
Page 11 and 12: Abstract Producing co-compost ferti
Page 13 and 14: eaches and water courses as toilets
Page 15 and 16: 2. Theoretical Framework 2.1. Basic
Page 17 and 18: and environmental problems. 25 In e
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Page 21 and 22: difficulty of outright conversion,
Page 23 and 24: In support of the point of De Silva
Page 25 and 26: household level. The study came out
Page 27 and 28: developed based on the social cogni
Page 29 and 30: chocolate because that act will let
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Page 37 and 38: mean the same thing. This normally
Page 39 and 40: Figure 4: graphical representation
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Page 43 and 44: organic carbon and has good bulking
Page 45 and 46: Figure 5: Stages in the production
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Page 49 and 50: 4. Methodology 4.1. Information sou
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Page 69 and 70: intentions of the farmers to use ec
Page 71 and 72: Table 18: Coefficients for the two
Page 73 and 74: Table 20: Coefficients for age, sex
Page 75 and 76: to be significant. These were in th
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Page 79 and 80: List of References Adamtey, Noah (2
Page 81 and 82: Eagly, Alice, H.; Chaiken, Shelly (
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Lewis-Beck, Michael, S. (1995): Dat
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UNEP/GPA-UNESCO-IHE-UN/DOALOS (2004
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3 Where is your farm? 1. In town 2.
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14. What do you think about how man
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25. What is your marital status? 1.
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Secondary data Library xxx search S
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Scale Mean if Item Deleted Item-Tot
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Spearman's rho behavioural intentio
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Annex VI. Regression with the addit
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Excluded Variables b Model Beta In
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a. Predictors in the Model: (Consta
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