ANNUAL REPORT - MTA SzFKI

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Book chapter K.22. Temleitner L, Pusztai L; Investigation of the structural disorder in ice Ih using neutron diffraction and Reverse Monte Carlo modelling; In: Physics and Chemistry of Ice; Ed. W. F. Kuhs, Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing, Cambridge, UK; pp. 593-600, 2007 56
L. INTERACTIONS OF INTENSE LASER FIELDS WITH MATTER Gy. Farkas, P. Dombi, S. Varró, N. Kroó Theoretical research. — We have analysed the reflection and transmission of a few-cycle femtosecond Ti:Sa laser pulse impinging on a metal nano-layer. It has been shown that in general a non-oscillatory frozen-in wake-field appears following the main pulse with an exponential decay and with a definite sign of the electric field. The scattering of a laser pulse impinging on a thin plasma layer has also been analysed at relativistic intensities. The nonlinearities originating from the relativistic kinematics of the electrons lead to the appearance of higher-order harmonics in the scattered spectra. In this system we have found significant carrier-envelope phase difference effects. In the frame of our investigations concerning the physics of surface plasmon polaritons, we have worked out a new model which confirms the existence of enhanced electromagnetic fields bound to a thin metal layer evaporated on a glass substrate. Our latest result in attophysics has been to show that the above-threshold electron de Broglie waves, generated by an intense laser pulse at a metal surface, are interfering to yield attosecond electron pulses. Owing to the inherent kinematic dispersion, the propagation of attosecond de Broglie waves in vacuum is very different from that of attosecond light pulses, which propagate without changing shape. The clean attosecond structure of the current at the immediate vicinity of the metal surface is largely degraded due to the propagation, but it partially recovers at certain distances from the surface. Accordingly, above the metal surface, there exist “collaps bands”, where the electron current is erratic or noise-like, and there exist “revival layers”, where the electron current consist of ultrashort pulses of attosecond duration. The attosecond structure of the electron photocurrent can, perhaps be used for monitoring ultrafast relaxation processes in single atoms or in condensed matter. We have worked out the theory of high-density black-body radiation on the basis of the new concept of binary photons which satisfy the exlusion principle, thus they behave like fermions. We have derived explicit expressions for the Wigner function of wave functions in arbitrary high D dimensions which depend on the hyperradius – that is, of s waves. Due to the constraint on the dependence of the s wave on the coordinates, s waves describe entangled quantum systems. Since an isotropic Bose-Einstein condensate is described by an s wave, the Wigner function provides a deeper insight into the physics of these states and, in particular, correlations between position and momentum spanning quantum phase space. In the context of quantum optics, we have analysed the correlations of detection events in two photodetectors placed at the opposite sides of a beam splitter in the frame of classical probability theory. It has been assumed that there is always only one photon present in the measuring apparatus during one elementary experiment. It is explicitely shown in several examples that the bunching and anti-bunching of the counts in serieses of elementary single-photon experiments is governed by the statistical properties of grouping the sequences of the elementary measurements. Experimental research. — Surface plasmons (SPO) have been in the centre of our interest for many years. Our recent experiments concentrated on their behavior in extremely high laser fields, produced by short pulsed (2ps, 120 fs) titanium-sapphire lasers. The laser pulses excited the SPO-s in resonance conditions and the light emitted by them was analyzed, both its angular distribution and spectrum. Second harmonic (at 395nm) and around it a broad fluorescent spectrum was found, as seen in Fig. 1. The former one is p-polarized as the exiting light, while the latter one is depolarized. The real 57
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ANNUAL REPORT 2007 RESEARCH INSTITU
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Dear Reader, It is my pleasure to h
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Key figures Permanent staff of the
Page 8 and 9: A. STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS J. S
Page 10 and 11: presented detailed study should hel
Page 12 and 13: B. COMPLEX SYSTEMS F. Iglói, R. Ju
Page 14 and 15: B.3. B.4. B.5. B.6. B.7. B.8. B.9.
Page 16 and 17: the α2 reconstruction increases on
Page 18 and 19: C.2. C.3. Kádas K, Vitos L, Johans
Page 20 and 21: C.27. Ropo * M, Kokko * K, Punkkine
Page 22 and 23: I 25 4 3 Fig. 2. Average intensity
Page 24 and 25: See also H.6. and nanostructured Pd
Page 26 and 27: Ab initio structure solution. — I
Page 28 and 29: ESA PECS 98021 Phase field modeling
Page 30 and 31: Conference proceedings E.17. Oszlá
Page 32 and 33: Fig. 1. ns-EC to s-EC transition in
Page 34 and 35: Publications Articles F.1. F.2. Bö
Page 36 and 37: G. ELECTRON CRYSTALS G. Kriza, P. M
Page 38 and 39: H. METAL PHYSICS K. Tompa, I. Bakon
Page 40 and 41: thickness can be elucidated by deco
Page 42 and 43: I. METALLURGY AND MAGNETISM L.K. Va
Page 44 and 45: temperature profile increases the s
Page 46 and 47: I.13 Kane * SN, Khinchi * SS, Gercs
Page 48 and 49: SANS. The measured 3 control rods w
Page 50 and 51: J.3. J.4. J.5. J.6. J.7. Avdeev * M
Page 52 and 53: Macromolecular Compounds (Visokomol
Page 54 and 55: defined coordination sphere was fou
Page 56 and 57: László Temleitner temla@szfki.hu
Page 60 and 61: Fig. 1 Characteristics of surface p
Page 62 and 63: M. LASER PHYSICS K. Rózsa, G. Bán
Page 64 and 65: Publications Articles M.1. Sigenege
Page 66 and 67: O. LASER APPLICATION A. Czitrovszky
Page 68 and 69: Raman spectroscopy is widely used f
Page 70 and 71: Bilateral Austro-Hungarian Cooperat
Page 72 and 73: P. FEMTOSECOND LASERS R. Szipőcs,
Page 74 and 75: Grants and international cooperatio
Page 76 and 77: E-Mail: Kárpát Ferencz optilab@t-
Page 78 and 79: y optical microscopy. While in Y 2
Page 80 and 81: Publications: Articles R.1. Földv
Page 82 and 83: S. CHARACTERIZATION AND POINT DEFEC
Page 84 and 85: groups of the Li 2 B 4 O 7 lattice.
Page 86 and 87: S.10. Lengyel K, Kovács L, Péter
Page 88 and 89: entanglement one has to find method
Page 90 and 91: T.7. T.8. T.9. Asbóth JK, Domokos
Page 92 and 93: EDUCATION Graduate and postgraduate
Page 94 and 95: Laboratory practice and seminars
Page 96 and 97: G. Dravecz (ELTE and Université de
Page 98 and 99: ⎯ K. Kamarás: Editorial Board Me
Page 100 and 101: CONFERENCES ⎯ Electrochemistry se
Page 102: TABLE of CONTENTS PREFACE 1 KEY FIG
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