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CHAPTER 1 PL/SQL Overview This chapter describes the basic definition and concepts PL/SQL: The PL/SQL programming language was developed by Oracle Corporation in the late 1980s as procedural extension language for SQL and the Oracle relational database. Following are notable facts about PL/SQL: PL/SQL is a completely portable, high-performance transaction-processing language. PL/SQL provides a built-in interpreted and OS independent programming environment. PL/SQL can also directly be called from the command-line SQL*Plus interface. Direct call can also be made from external programming language calls to database. PL/SQL's general syntax is based on that of ADA and Pascal programming language. Apart from Oracle, PL/SQL is available in TimesTen in-memory database and IBM DB2. Features of PL/SQL PL/SQL has the following features: PL/SQL is tightly integrated with SQL. It offers extensive error checking. It offers numerous data types. It offers a variety of programming structures. It supports structured programming through functions and procedures. It supports object-oriented programming. TUTORIALSPOINT Simply Easy Learning Page 1
It supports developing web applications and server pages. Advantages of PL/SQL PL/SQL has the following advantages: SQL is the standard database language and PL/SQL is strongly integrated with SQL. PL/SQL supports both static and dynamic SQL. Static SQL supports DML operations and transaction control from PL/SQL block. Dynamic SQL is SQL allows embedding DDL statements in PL/SQL blocks. PL/SQL allows sending an entire block of statements to the database at one time. This reduces network traffic and provides high performance for the applications. PL/SQL gives high productivity to programmers as it can query, transform, and update data in a database. PL/SQL saves time on design and debugging by strong features, such as exception handling, encapsulation, data hiding, and object-oriented data types. Applications written in PL/SQL are fully portable. PL/SQL provides high security level. PL/SQL provides access to predefined SQL packages. PL/SQL provides support for Object-Oriented Programming. PL/SQL provides support for Developing Web Applications and Server Pages. TUTORIALSPOINT Simply Easy Learning Page 2
Page 1 and 2: PL/SQL Tutorial
Page 3 and 4: C O P Y R I G H T & D I S C L A I M
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents PL/SQL Overview .
Page 7 and 8: Example: ..........................
Page 9: Triggering a Trigger ..............
Page 13 and 14: Step 2 You will have the following
Page 15 and 16: Step 5 Provide a location, where yo
Page 17 and 18: Step 9 Here, Oracle installation wi
Page 19 and 20: Step 11 Once your installation is d
Page 21 and 22: Text Editor Running large programs
Page 23 and 24: END; / The end; line signals the en
Page 25 and 26: Type Type body Each of these units
Page 27 and 28: PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subty
Page 29 and 30: Field Name Valid Datetime Values Va
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 5 Variables This chapter de
Page 33 and 34: variable is declared and accessible
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 6 Constants This chapter sh
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 7 Operators This chapter de
Page 39 and 40: END; / IF (a < b) then dbms_output.
Page 41 and 42: ELSE dbms_output.put_line('False');
Page 43 and 44: For example x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x
Page 45 and 46: Statement IF - THEN statement IF-TH
Page 47 and 48: SELECT salary INTO c_sal FROM custo
Page 49 and 50: An IF-THEN statement can have zero
Page 51 and 52: Excellent PL/SQL procedure successf
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 9 Loops This chapter descri
Page 55 and 56: PL/SQL procedure successfully compl
Page 57 and 58: FOR a in 10 .. 20 LOOP dbms_output.
Page 59 and 60: 2 is prime 3 is prime 5 is prime 7
Page 61 and 62:
Example: DECLARE a number(2) := 10;
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Example: DECLARE a number(2) := 10;
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Restrictions with GOTO Statement GO
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introduction clob; choice char(1);
Page 69 and 70:
The following examples illustrate s
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CHAPTER 11 Arrays This chapter desc
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You can initialize the varray eleme
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S.N. Parts & Description 1 2 3 Decl
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initialize it to a default value; h
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CHAPTER 13 Functions This chapter d
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Total no. of Customers: 6 PL/SQL pr
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CHAPTER 14 Cursors This chapter exp
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Select * from customers; +----+----
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CHAPTER 15 Records This chapter des
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Book ID Defining a Record The recor
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printbook(book2); END; / When the a
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DECLARE c_id customers.id%type := 8
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ACCESS_INTO_NULL 06530 -6530 CASE_N
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CHAPTER 17 Triggers This chapter de
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| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00
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CHAPTER 18 Packages This chapter de
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The following program provides a mo
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CHAPTER 19 Collections This chapter
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Example: Elements of an index-by ta
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| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALAR
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VALUE_ERROR A subscript is null or
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SQL*Plus terminates abnormally, a R
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CHAPTER 21 Date & Time This chapter
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TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE - it
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8/31/2012 5:26:55.347000 PM The Int
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4 5 6 7 DBMS_OUTPUT.GET_LINES (line
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When the above code is executed at
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IF (r1 > r2) THEN -- calling measur
Page 127 and 128:
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY rectang
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