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PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes Following is the detail of PL/SQL pre-defined character data types and their sub-types: Data Type CHAR VARCHAR2 RAW NCHAR NVARCHAR2 LONG LONG RAW ROWID UROWID Description Fixed-length character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL Fixed-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes Variable-length national character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes Variable-length binary or byte string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes, not interpreted by PL/SQL Physical row identifier, the address of a row in an ordinary table Universal row identifier (physical, logical, or foreign row identifier) PL/SQL Boolean Data Types The BOOLEAN data type stores logical values that are used in logical operations. The logical values are the Boolean values TRUE and FALSE and the value NULL. However, SQL has no data type equivalent to BOOLEAN. Therefore, Boolean values cannot be used in: SQL statements Built-in SQL functions (such as TO_CHAR) PL/SQL functions invoked from SQL statements PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types The DATE datatype to store fixed-length datetimes, which include the time of day in seconds since midnight. Valid dates range from January 1, 4712 BC to December 31, 9999 AD. The default date format is set by the Oracle initialization parameter NLS_DATE_FORMAT. For example, the default might be 'DD-MON-YY', which includes a two-digit number for the day of the month, an abbreviation of the month name, and the last two digits of the year, for example, 01-OCT-12. Each DATE includes the century, year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. The following table shows the valid values for each field: TUTORIALSPOINT Simply Easy Learning Page 19
Field Name Valid Datetime Values Valid Interval Values YEAR -4712 to 9999 (excluding year 0) Any nonzero integer MONTH 01 to 12 0 to 11 DAY 01 to 31 (limited by the values of MONTH and YEAR, according to the rules of the calendar for the locale) Any nonzero integer HOUR 00 to 23 0 to 23 MINUTE 00 to 59 0 to 59 SECOND TIMEZONE_HOUR 00 to 59.9(n), where 9(n) is the precision of time fractional seconds -12 to 14 (range accommodates daylight savings time changes) 0 to 59.9(n), where 9(n) is the precision of interval fractional seconds Not applicable TIMEZONE_MINUTE 00 to 59 Not applicable TIMEZONE_REGION TIMEZONE_ABBR Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES Found in the dynamic performance view V$TIMEZONE_NAMES Not applicable Not applicable PL/SQL Large Object (LOB) Data Types Large object (LOB) data types refer large to data items such as text, graphic images, video clips, and sound waveforms. LOB data types allow efficient, random, piecewise access to this data. Following are the predefined PL/SQL LOB data types: Data Type Description Size BFILE BLOB CLOB NCLOB Used to store large binary objects in operating system files outside the database. Used to store large binary objects in the database. Used to store large blocks of character data in the database. Used to store large blocks of NCHAR data in the database. System-dependent. Cannot exceed 4 gigabytes (GB). 8 to 128 terabytes (TB) 8 to 128 TB 8 to 128 TB TUTORIALSPOINT Simply Easy Learning Page 20
Page 1 and 2: PL/SQL Tutorial
Page 3 and 4: C O P Y R I G H T & D I S C L A I M
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents PL/SQL Overview .
Page 7 and 8: Example: ..........................
Page 9 and 10: Triggering a Trigger ..............
Page 11 and 12: It supports developing web applicat
Page 13 and 14: Step 2 You will have the following
Page 15 and 16: Step 5 Provide a location, where yo
Page 17 and 18: Step 9 Here, Oracle installation wi
Page 19 and 20: Step 11 Once your installation is d
Page 21 and 22: Text Editor Running large programs
Page 23 and 24: END; / The end; line signals the en
Page 25 and 26: Type Type body Each of these units
Page 27: PL/SQL Numeric Data Types and Subty
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 5 Variables This chapter de
Page 33 and 34: variable is declared and accessible
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 6 Constants This chapter sh
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 7 Operators This chapter de
Page 39 and 40: END; / IF (a < b) then dbms_output.
Page 41 and 42: ELSE dbms_output.put_line('False');
Page 43 and 44: For example x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x
Page 45 and 46: Statement IF - THEN statement IF-TH
Page 47 and 48: SELECT salary INTO c_sal FROM custo
Page 49 and 50: An IF-THEN statement can have zero
Page 51 and 52: Excellent PL/SQL procedure successf
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 9 Loops This chapter descri
Page 55 and 56: PL/SQL procedure successfully compl
Page 57 and 58: FOR a in 10 .. 20 LOOP dbms_output.
Page 59 and 60: 2 is prime 3 is prime 5 is prime 7
Page 61 and 62: Example: DECLARE a number(2) := 10;
Page 63 and 64: Example: DECLARE a number(2) := 10;
Page 65 and 66: Restrictions with GOTO Statement GO
Page 67 and 68: introduction clob; choice char(1);
Page 69 and 70: The following examples illustrate s
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 11 Arrays This chapter desc
Page 73 and 74: You can initialize the varray eleme
Page 75 and 76: S.N. Parts & Description 1 2 3 Decl
Page 77 and 78: initialize it to a default value; h
Page 79 and 80:
CHAPTER 13 Functions This chapter d
Page 81 and 82:
Total no. of Customers: 6 PL/SQL pr
Page 83 and 84:
CHAPTER 14 Cursors This chapter exp
Page 85 and 86:
Select * from customers; +----+----
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER 15 Records This chapter des
Page 89 and 90:
Book ID Defining a Record The recor
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printbook(book2); END; / When the a
Page 93 and 94:
DECLARE c_id customers.id%type := 8
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ACCESS_INTO_NULL 06530 -6530 CASE_N
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CHAPTER 17 Triggers This chapter de
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| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00
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CHAPTER 18 Packages This chapter de
Page 103 and 104:
The following program provides a mo
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CHAPTER 19 Collections This chapter
Page 107 and 108:
Example: Elements of an index-by ta
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| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALAR
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VALUE_ERROR A subscript is null or
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SQL*Plus terminates abnormally, a R
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CHAPTER 21 Date & Time This chapter
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TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE - it
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8/31/2012 5:26:55.347000 PM The Int
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4 5 6 7 DBMS_OUTPUT.GET_LINES (line
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When the above code is executed at
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IF (r1 > r2) THEN -- calling measur
Page 127 and 128:
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY rectang
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