FIRE EFFECTS GUIDE - National Wildfire Coordinating Group

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Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-117. Intermt. For. and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, UT. 48 p. Brown, James K. and Dennis G. Simmerman. 1986. Appraising fuels and flammability in western aspen: A prescribed fire guide. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-205. Intermt. Res. Sta., Ogden, UT. 48 p. Buckhouse, John C. and Gerald F. Gifford. 1976. Grazing and debris burning on pinyon-juniper sites -- Some chemical water quality implications. J. Range Manage. 29:299-301. Buckman, Harry O. and Nyle C. Brady. 1966. The nature and properties of soils. A college text of edaphology. 6th Ed. The Macmillan Co., New York. 567 p. Bunting, S. C. 1984. Personal conversation with Loren Anderson. Bunting, Stephen C. 1985. Fire in sagebrush-grass ecosystems: Successional changes, p. 7-11. IN Ken Sanders and Jack Durham (eds.). Rangeland fire effects: A symposium. USDI, Bur. Land Manage., Idaho State Office, Boise. Bunting, Stephen C., Bruce M. Kilgore, and Charles L. Bushey. 1987. Guidelines for prescribed burning sagebrush-grass rangelands in the Northern Great Basin. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-231. Intermt. Res. Sta., Ogden, UT. 33 p. Bunting, Stephen C., Leon F. Neuenschwander, and George Gruell. 1984. Ecology of antelope bitterbrush in the northern Rocky Mountains, p. 48-57. IN James E. Lotan and James K. Brown (eds.). Proc. - Fire's effects on wildlife habitat. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-186. Intermt. For. and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, UT. Buol, S. W., F. D. Hole, and R. J. McCracken. 1973. Soil genesis and classification. The Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames, IA. 360 p. Burgan, Robert E. 1993. Personal conversation with Melanie Miller. Burgan, Robert E. and Richard C. Rothermel. 1984. BEHAVE: Fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system - FUEL Subsystem. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-167. Intermt. For. and Range
Exp. Sta., Ogden, UT. 126 p. Burger, George V. 1979. Principles of wildlife management, p. 89-97. IN Richard D. Teague and Eugene Decker (eds.). Wildlife conservation: Principles and practices. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C. Burgh, Robert F. 1960. Potsherds and forest fires in the Pueblo country. Plateau 33:54-56. Byram, George M. 1959. Combustion of forest fuels, p. 61-89. IN Davis, Kenneth P. Forest fire: Control and use. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York. Caldwell, M. M., J. H. Richards, D. A. Johnson, and R. S. Dzurec. 1981. Coping with herbivory: Photosynthetic capacity and resource allocation in two semiarid Agropyron bunchgrasses. Oecologia (Berlin) 50:14-24. Campbell, T. M., III. 1979. Short-term effects of timber harvests on pine marten ecology. M.S. Thesis, Colo. St. Univ., Ft. Collins. 76 p. Carpenter, L. H. 1976. Nitrogen-herbicide effects on sagebrush deer range. Ph.D. Thesis, Colo. St. Univ., Ft. Collins. 159 p. Chambers, Jeanne C. and Ray W. Brown. 1983. Methods for vegetation sampling and analysis on revegetated mined lands. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-151. Intermt. For. and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, UT. 37 p. Chandler, Craig, Phillip Cheney, Philip Thomas, Louis Trabaud, and Dave Williams. 1983. Fire in forestry, Volume I: Forest fire behavior and effects. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 450 p. Chase, Alston. 1988. Scientific breakdown: The cultural weakness behind our ecological failures. Outside (Nov.):45-46. Christensen, Norman L. and Cornelius H. Muller. 1975a. Relative importance of factors controlling germination and seedling survival in Adenostoma chaparral. Amer. Midl. Natur. 93(1):71-78. Christensen, Norman L. and Cornelius H. Muller. 1975b. Effects of
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National Wildfire Coordinating Grou
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Ecosystems have evolved with, and a
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discussions of fire effects on fuel
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During the planning of fire managem
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Land use planning systems used by m
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individual resource functions. At t
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living and dead vegetation, the lat
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front heats adjacent fuel elements.
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iv. Logging slash: the primary carr
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viii. Fuel continuity. Fuel continu
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much lower for light, airy fuels su
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(4) Heat per unit area. Another mea
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ii. Active crown fires are those in
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of duff and organic layers, and the
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(3) A high severity fire removes al
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years and relating moisture levels
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flame lengths can be greater. More
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ight paint. Times are recorded with
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urn severity, and the degree of can
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grass plants lying on or near the s
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(3) Quality. Wood may be sound, rot
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and Norum 1983); white spruce/subal
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combination of atmospheric temperat
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1-hour timelag fuels (Anderson 1990
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f. Effect of weather factors on fue
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y species morphology and physiology
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levels of moisture content. (See II
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value reached by early September (P
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time is, in many cases, not true (B
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years has resulted in higher loadin
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for heat release, if fuels are remo
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for assessing fuels. The time of ye
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Supplementary information on fire b
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If fuels inside and outside of the
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Results are obtained within about 1
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conditions for a prescribed fire ma
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Designated Class I Areas include sp
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is inadequate to loft the smoke as
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temperature of the fire. a. Combust
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containing hydrogen, carbon, and ot
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1989 in Sandberg and Dost 1990). Na
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when energy is most needed. Formald
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are based on limiting the consumpti
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management programs. Programs are t
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against ambient air quality standar
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fires typically result in soil surf
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(1) Organic matter. The reduction o
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Nitrobacter, two bacteria groups cr
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mixed results, in attempts to incre
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. Adjacent, unburned "control" site
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methods used to monitor fire effect
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tension into the time (up to 600 se
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temperature sampling scheme should
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dry material and cannot be ignited.
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diameter of most shrub stems, most
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is controlled by a phenomenon calle
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its moisture content when the fire
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plant and the rate at which the lit
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fire. However, there is considerabl
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. Carbohydrates. (1) Carbohydrate c
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dominate the community for varying
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Greatly increased amounts of flower
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(2) Duration of heating is generall
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(1) The amount and timing of high a
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Specific attributes of vegetation o
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3. Frequency of Occurrence. A quant
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(See 4. Weight) Changes in height a
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applied. Live tissue will turn brig
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ecosystem dynamics and the ramifica
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a. Ecological basis. Faunal success
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(4) The interplay between only one
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It is commonly assumed that increas
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of the external environment. A noti
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habitat size is approximately 200 a
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truncated ecosystems affected by ma
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plantations, fences, and recent pre
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(4) What postburn timelags for stru
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(2) Increase the size of the prescr
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3. Monitoring Level. The level of m
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Without adequate monitoring and eva
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sources as well as others noted. It
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1973). Beyond that temperature, sto
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obsidian artifact. Moisture is abso
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abundant cultural resources in the
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avoid rock outcrops where rock art
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E. Summary Damage to cultural resou
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1. General Need for Improved Manage
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at a rate to permit improvement" (D
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idahoensis), green needlegrass (Sti
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grass species are damaged or lackin
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(2) Severely depleted sites may req
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6. Economic Factors. The following
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are still suitable. (2) Wildfire. T
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h. Observe long-term changes. C. Ev
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(12) Resource maps, such as vegetat
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Recommendations. a. Prescribed fire
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(b) Feasibility of conducting salva
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h. Professional journals. i. Videos
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1 70 4900 2 90 8100 3 80 6400 4 70
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Sufficient rate of spread and flame
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available, the following example il
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work do not imply any cause and eff
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9. It is tempting to draw inappropr
Page 217 and 218: National Wildfire Coordinating Grou
Page 219 and 220: as 60 days of 24-hour observations
Page 221 and 222: have a low probability of occurring
Page 223 and 224: conditions based upon desired fire
Page 225 and 226: One can select one of these species
Page 227 and 228: employees can contact their nationa
Page 229 and 230: effects. The Bureau of Land Managem
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Page 233 and 234: never moist as long as three consec
Page 235 and 236: url: a mass of woody tissue from wh
Page 237 and 238: coordinated resource management: a
Page 239 and 240: discrete variables: those variables
Page 241 and 242: experimental design: the process of
Page 243 and 244: absence of individuals of a species
Page 245 and 246: heat content: the net amount of hea
Page 247 and 248: - L - ladder fuels: fuels that can
Page 249 and 250: mycorrhiza (pl. mycorrhizae): a mut
Page 251 and 252: palatability: the relish that an an
Page 253 and 254: attain planned fire treatment and r
Page 255 and 256: oot crown: a mass of woody tissue f
Page 257 and 258: plant species to another using a co
Page 259 and 260: e estimated by heating it and measu
Page 261 and 262: |Disclaimer| | Privacy| | Copyright
Page 263 and 264: and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, UT. 22
Page 265 and 266: Seasonal variation in moisture cont
Page 267: material. USDA, For. Serv. Gen. Tec
Page 271 and 272: Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW
Page 273 and 274: Exp. Sta., Berkeley, CA. 7 p. Dixon
Page 275 and 276: subalpine fir cover types. USDA, Fo
Page 277 and 278: management approaches. Wildl. Soc.
Page 279 and 280: Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-225. Intermt. R
Page 281 and 282: Hutchison, B. A. 1965. Snow accumul
Page 283 and 284: Washington, D.C. Lawrence, G. E. 19
Page 285 and 286: Dieterich, Stanley N. Hirsch, Von J
Page 287 and 288: McRae, Douglas J., Martin E. Alexan
Page 289 and 290: Norum, Rodney A. 1977. Preliminary
Page 291 and 292: Black (ed.). Methods of soil analys
Page 293 and 294: Reaves, Jimmy L., Charles G. Shaw,
Page 295 and 296: For. and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, UT
Page 297 and 298: Contr. IAG EPA 83-291. Office Air P
Page 299 and 300: 26 p. Short, H. L. 1982. Techniques
Page 301 and 302: Bot. 28:143-231. Switzer, Ronald R.
Page 303 and 304: for Title II-Related Agencies and t
Page 305 and 306: p. 358-366. IN Alan Ternes (ed.). A
Page 307 and 308: Wright, H. E., Jr. 1981. The role o
Page 309 and 310: study in Nevada, p. 66-84. IN Ken S
Page 311 and 312: Introduction - Dr. Bob Clark and Me
Page 313: Steve Lent, Bureau of Land Manageme
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