Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Existing Wastewater ... - UNDP

Palestinian National Authority 

Ministry Of Local Government 

Jenin Municipality 

Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Existing 

Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jenin City 

VOLUME III: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 

FINAL 

September 2007 

This Project is funded by KfW

Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Existing WWTP in Jenin City 

Technical Specifications 

Table of Contents 

A- Scope of Work 

1. Study Area .......................................................................................................................................... ii 

2. Recommended Réhabilitation and Expansion Mesures ..................................................................... ii 

3. Implementation of Works .................................................................................................................. vi 

4. Summary of Geotechnical Survey .................................................................................................... viii 

B- Technical Specifications – Civil Works 

1. General Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 8 

2. Excavation and Earthworks .............................................................................................................. 13 

3. Concrete Work ................................................................................................................................. 17 

4. Block Work ...................................................................................................................................... 32 

5. Roofing ............................................................................................................................................. 35 

6. Plaster Work ..................................................................................................................................... 38 

7. Wall and Floor Tiling Works ........................................................................................................... 44 

8. Carpentry and Joinery ...................................................................................................................... 50 

9. Ironmongery .................................................................................................................................... 54 

10.Metal Works ................................................................................................................................... 56 

11. Painting And Décoration ................................................................................................................ 59 

12. Asphalt Works ................................................................................................................................ 64 

C- Technical Specifications – Mechanical Works 

1.General Conditions and Material Stipulations…………………………………………………... .. 76 

2. Mechanical Cleaned Bar Screens…………………………………………………………………..87 

3. Screening Compactor………………………………………………………………………………92 

4. Grit Collection Equipment………………………………………...……………………… ………99 

5. Aeration Basin and Aeration Equipment ....................................................................................... 109 

6. Submersible Portable Pumps .......................................................................................................... 111 

7. Sluice Gates, Slide Gates, and Shear Gates .................................................................................... 113 

8. Sewer Pipe Installation and Testing ............................................................................................... 119 

9. Laboratory Equipment & Supplies…………………....…………………………………….…….124 

10. Fuel Oil Storage Tanks…………………………………………………………………………..128 

11. Flow Measuring Device……………………………..……………………………………......….134 

12. Air Blower System……………………………………………………………………………… 136 

13. Reinforced Concrete Cylinder Pipe…………………………………………………………….. 140 

D- Technical Specifications – Electrical Works 

1. General Specifications ................................................................................................................... 144 

2. Conduit and Fittings ....................................................................................................................... 147 

3. Wires and Cables ............................................................................................................................ 148 

4. Wiring Devices ............................................................................................................................... 149 

5. Electrical Distribution Boards ........................................................................................................ 151 

6. Grounding (Earthing System) ........................................................................................................ 153 

7. Emergency Power Supply .............................................................................................................. 154 

8. Low Voltage AC Induction Motors……………………………………………………...156 

Arabtech Jardaneh/Palestine 

i 

Table of Contents

Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Existing 

WWTP in Jenin City 

Summary on Modified BOQ for the 

Implementation of the Recommended Rehabilitation and 

Expansion Works 

Brief 

In executing the recommended rehabilitation and expansion works of the 

existing WWTP in Jenin City, the continuity of operation of the non-rehabilitated 

parts shall continue until the head works, the two aerated lagoons, the 

stabilization pond, the Septage discharge points, and the pipes to be replaced 

are installed. 

To guarantee the continuity of work, three phases were put so that rehabilitation 

works will start in early stage while the second and third will cover the 

commencing of the expansion stage and landscaping. 

As per Client’s request dated February 22, 2008, the BOQ was modified to 

include the implementation of the first and second phase. The third phase will 

be implemented in a later stage. In preparing the modified BOQ the 

following was considered; 

• Second train of new Aerated lagoons and stabilization pond was 

eliminated 

• Chlorination basins and dosing system were eliminated 

• Concrete works for the re-embankment of existing pond and 

embankment of new Pond 1 was replaced with basecoarse layers to 

achieve the required bottom levels. 

• 1.5 mm thick HDPE liner is applied for existing and new pond. 

• Wall around existing and new pond was eliminated 

• Road works was eliminated. 

• Total number of aerators was reduced from 18 to 10. 

The following construction items were considered as provisions: 

• RC Wall around existing and new pond for both C15 and C30 concrete 

works 

• RC Re embankment of existing pond and embankment of new pond 1 

• Riprap along wadi 

• Road works



SECTION 1 

GENERAL CONDITIONS 

1-1 General 

These specifications are to specify the quality of materials, level of workmanship, and methods to be 

followed and respected in Rehabilitation and Expansion Works for the Existing WWTP in Jenin 

City that owned by Ministry of Local Government- Jenin Municipality- Palestine. 

1-2 Drawings 

The contractor shall be provided with a list of drawings included in this bid. All expenses borned by 

the contractor, to execute the conditions included in this section, on the contractor own cost and his 

unit rates in the bills of quantity shall be deemed to include all costs and expenses. 

In case the contractor asks for additional copy of the project drawings, he shall be provided with the 

copy at a cost of (…..….) EUR, payable to the municipality of Jenin. 

1-3 Bidding Documents 

The bidding documents complete each other and to consider the case which gives the higher quality in 

executing as the Engineers decides. The contractor is to consider this when he prices the bills. 

The contractor who participates in the bed must returns all bedding document, drawings and addenda 

including the pre-bed meeting, signed and stamped from his behalf. If the contractor didn’t return any 

of these documents with his offer, the bedding committee has the right to reject his offer. 

1-4 Shop Drawings 

If during executing the works or before, the Engineer found that the contractor needs shop drawings to 

execute a certain task, the contractor must prepare these drawings and submit it to the Engineer for 

approval. The Engineer has the right to instruct the contractor at any time to submit shop drawings, 

which the Engineer consider necessary for executing a certain task. The contractor is to abide by this 

instruction and don’t proceed with the task before the Engineer approves the shop drawings. 

The shop drawings must be fully detailed with a suitable scale and unless otherwise specified be 

submitted in four copies. 

The Engineer shall within reasonable time from receiving the shop drawings approve the drawings. If 

the Engineer return the drawings with notes, the contractor shall adjust the drawings as instructed by 

the Engineer and resubmit to the Engineer for approval and he must point out the adjustment made to 

the first drawing according to standard procedure. 

1-5 As – Built Drawings 

The contractor, at his own cost, shall adjust the drawing copies with him as necessary during execution 

of works. The contractor is required to obtain the Engineers approval on these adjustments. When the 

contractor hands over the works, he shall prepare a new set of the drawings for the project as executed 

with all adjustments (if any) and submit it to the Engineer for approval. When the Engineer approves 

the As-Built drawings the contractor shall submit one calc copy and two copies and one computer 

diskette copy (prepared for AutoCAD 14 or 2000) written on it the project name and the phrase 


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‏.”المخططات آما تم تنفيذها “ AS – BUILT DRAWINGS 

The final payment to the contractor shall be paid according to the works actually executed as recorded 

in the AS-BUILT drawings mentioned above. 

1-6 Scaffolding 

The contractor shall provide. Erect and maintain the needed scaffoldings to execute the works of this 

project. Upon completion the contractor shall remove them. The contractor is to take all necessary 

safety measures related to these scaffoldings and repair any damages caused by the scaffoldings to 

the permanent works during execution period. 

1-7 Protection Of Works 

The contractor, in the course of completing his obligation according to contract conditions, is to 

protect and maintain the existing borders of the area (steel angles). In case they are moved or removed, 

because of the contractor usage of his equipment or any other reason, the contractor is return these 

angles to its correct position as per the coordinate provided by the Engineer. The contractor is to cover 

and protect the works from the climatic conditions or misuse or negligence … etc, by providing proper 

barrier, covers according to the Engineer’s approval. The contractor, at his own expenses, shall repair 

any damages to the works caused by his negligence, or not fulfilling his obligation, according to the 

Engineer’s instruction and satisfaction. 

1-8 Materials And Its Equivalent 

All materials and goods must be according to technical specification. The contractor is submit the 

specification and description of the materials that he intend to supply with all necessary information to 

the Engineer to investigate before supplying. These information include, but not limited to, trade 

name, manufacturer address and the contractor is to submit samples if asked by the Engineer. 

Wherever a trade name or catalogue number to any material or any item of work in the specification or 

bills of quantities or drawings, this is necessary to specify the level of specification required. The 

contractor can suggest alternatives for these materials provided it is with the same level of 

specification, and to obtain the Engineers approval. 

When alternative materials, other than mentioned in the contract, are approved and it was not in the 

same level of specification, the Engineer has the right to make suitable deduction to the unit rate of 

these materials. No increase to the contractor prices should be made if better materials were provided 

(compared to the required specification). 

Wherever, in the bills of quantity or specification or drawings, a trade name is mentioned or materials 

known by its manufacturer company or distributing company or catalogue number, it is to be 

automatically understood that the required is these materials or equivalent even if the phrase “or 

equivalent” is not mentioned. 

1-9 Samples 

The contractor must be always ready to submit samples for materials and workmanship according to 

Engineer’s instruction. The Engineer shall test and inspect these samples to determine its compliance 

with the technical specification and contract documents. The contractor shall execute the works 

according to the accepted samples and following conditions: - 

1. The cost of all samples shall be borned by the contractor. 


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1-10 Materials’ Testing 

2. The contractor is to submit samples before a reasonable time of starting the work to 

give the Engineer time to inspect the samples and make the required tests. 

3. The samples shall be submitted with a letter containing all the needed information to 

obtain the Engineers approval. 

4. The samples shall be kept at the Engineers office in the site. 

The Engineer has the right to ask the contractor to accompany the required materials with a testing 

certificate from the source either from the manufacturer or a laboratory approved by the Engineer. 

The Engineer has the right to test samples from any material supplied to the site, and whenever 

needed, either in the lab specified by the Engineer inside the country or outside. Any materials that 

don’t pass the test shall be rejected. 

The contractor is to make for the Engineer and his assistants all necessary assistance and services to 

test the materials brought to site and taking samples and checking measurements and weighs and 

provide on his own expenses whatever need from labor, tools, materials …etc. 

1-11 The Construction specified For The Use Of The Supervision Staff 

The cost of the offices for the Engineer’s use shall be included in the contractor’s prices in the bills of 

quantity as described in the tender documents and conditions “ Condition Of Contract - Part II 

(Special conditions). 

The contractor should complete constructing the Engineer and inspectors offices within 30 days of 

receiving the order to start works, and during this period, the contractor must provide temporary 

movable offices for the use of the Engineer and supervision staff. If the contractor didn’t provide the 

above or didn’t provide the required services, the Engineer has the right to deduct a penalty of EUR 

60/day for every day the contractor delays in providing the above. The Engineer shall also have the 

right to provide these services and needs on the contractor expenses. And all sums shall be deducted 

from the contractor payment and insurance whatever sum it reach. 

The contractor shall during the execution of works provides all the required services for the abovementioned 

offices including maintenance, cleaning, keeping and guarding the offices and its content at 

all times. 

The contractor shall be responsible for all the costs of the needed services of the Engineer and 

inspectors offices and their maintenance including electricity, water, telephone, cleaning the sewage 

pit, providing drinking water and all needed papers, books, files, … for the works according to 

Engineer’s approval. 

The required offices shall be erected in the place approved by the Engineer, and shall stay during the 

execution of the works. 

1-12 Temporary Construction For The Contractor’s Use 

The contractor must, from the day of the order to start works, has an existence in the site in a movable 

or temporary office for the use of his staff to receive the Engineer’s instruction when needed. The 

office shall be in the size suitable for the contractor’s needs and requirements and he must obtain the 

prior approval of the Engineer on this office. 


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The warehouses needed for the contractor use sufficient to store all construction materials needed for 

the project including equipment and tools. These warehouses must have all the conditions required to 

protect the materials from the environmental conditions. 

The contractor shall be responsible to guard and maintain all the above-mentioned temporary 

constructions that are used by the contractor. He shall also be responsible to provide the required 

services for these constructions. 

The contractor shall bear all the costs of constructing these temporary constructions. 

1-13 Removing The Temporary Constructions 

All temporary constructions for the contractor use shall be kept in all times in a good condition until 

all stages of works are completed and finally handed over. Afterwards, the contractor shall remove all 

these constructions and its residuals and cleaning its locations properly so that they leave no trace. If 

the contractor didn’t fulfill this obligation, the Engineer has the right to execute these tasks on the 

contractor’s account and deduct all the expenses from the contractor’s payment and insurance with the 

owner, whatever sum it reach without any legal procedure. 

1-14 Temporary And Permanent Services 

The contractor shall, at his own expense, redirect public services if exist (like electricity, water,) which 

he found during work and according to Engineer’s directions and approval. If existing services is 

connected to, related to, or related to the works, the contractor shall maintain and keep in place until 

handing over the works. 

The contractor shall, on his own cost, repair any damages to the public services like telephone, 

electrical, sewage and water services for the concerned authorities or a third party. 

If the concerned authority or the third party decided to repair the damages by itself, or asking any of 

its representatives to do so, the contractor shall born the cost of these repairs don by the concerned 

authority or the third party. The owner, according to the contract conditions, shall not be responsible 

for any claims for such actions. 

1-15 Contradiction In The Contract Documents 

The contract documents complete each other and in case of contradiction or ambiguity in the contract 

documents the contractor shall raise it to the Engineer’s attention. The Engineer shall make the 

appropriate decision and inform the contractor. In case of contradiction or ambiguity, as mentioned 

above, the contractor price shall be as recorded in the bills of quantities. In case any material or work 

needed to execute the works is not mentioned in the bills of quantities, the contractor has to execute 

these materials or works and their cost shall be deemed to be automatically included in the contractor’s 

price for the related item. The contractor has no right to claim any differences as a result of this. 

1-16 Site Meetings 

During executing the works and on periodical bases, site meetings shall be held every week or 

whenever needed for the purposes to coordinate the works and to be sure that it is properly executed 

according to contract conditions and technical specification. Minutes of the meetings shall be prepared 

by the Engineer or his representative and distributed to all parties and it shall be followed. 

The contractor shall present in the meeting detailed of the works intended to be executed in the next 

week, which shall be discussed and proper instruction shall be given, and these instructions and 

approval issued in the meeting shall be followed by the contractor. 


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1-17 Daily Reports 

The contractor shall submit to the Engineer (or his representative) a daily report containing the 

required information on the labor (No’s & types), equipment and materials arrived to the site and 

works executed in that day. 

1-18 Photographs of Progress of Works 

The contractor at his own expense shall submit once a month, or as the Engineers find suitable, 

suitable number of colored photographs in three copies (size 10x15 cm) for the executed works or 

works under progress as directed by the Engineer. The original film negative and all copies shall be 

the ownership of the owner, and the photos can’t be use without his approval. 

1-19 Work Schedule 

The contractor shall prepare (in 3 copies) and submit schedule of the work including all tasks of the 

subcontractors any works in the contract condition. The contractor shall keep a copy in his site office 

and submit 2 copies to the Engineer. 

The contractor has to make monthly (or as the Engineers see necessary) adjustment to the schedule 

according to site conditions and progress of works. Two copies of the revised schedule shall be 

submitted to the Engineer. 

1-20 Handing Over Works And Removing Residuals 

The contractor must hand over all works clean and insure removing all materials or construction 

residuals or rejected materials or remains in the site in general or in the buildings or nearby. The 

completion of the works as explained here shall be on the contractor’s expense and according to the 

Engineer’s approval. If the contractor didn’t fulfill this obligation, the Engineer has the right to 

execute these works on the contractor expense and deduct it from the contractor payments or 

insurance. 

1-21 Measurement Of Works 

The Engineering measurement shall be made for all works; all openings and intersection shall be 

deducted. Actual net distances shall be calculated but not exceeding the measurement reported in the 

drawings. 

1-21 Codes And Standards 

Where ever B.S. is mentioned it should be read as follows:- 

All building materials and equipment should be registered with an international recognized norm 

institution or correspond to an international recognized norm. The standards used shall be DIN, ISO, 

and B.S. or approved equivalent. 

END OF SECTION 

SECTION 2 

EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS 

1-1 Clearing The Site 


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This item “Clearing” shall consist of clearing and grubbing the disposal of materials, of all areas 

within the limits designated on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. 

Prior to the general clearing and grubbing operations the contractor shall clear the site to the intent 

required by the Engineer for checking the setting out of the works and for the implementation of preexcavation 

survey. Such clearing and grubbing shall be to the approval of the Engineer. 

In areas designated to be cleared and grubbed the surface of the ground shall be cleared of all trees, 

stumps, down timber, logs, brush, under growth, heavy growth of grass or weeds, fences, minor 

structures, debris, and rubbish of any nature, natural obstruction or such materials which in the 

opinion of the Engineer are unsuitable for the foundation of embankments or other required structures 

including the grubbing of stumps roots and matted roots. 

All unsuitable materials shall become property of the Contractor and shall be satisfactorily disposed of 

as approved by the Engineer. 

Holes resulting from clearing shall be filled with acceptable materials, moistened and properly 

compacted according to the relevant specifications. 

1-2 Demolition, Dismantling and Relocation of Utilities 

The Contractor shall demolish, dismantle and/or remove any miscellaneous existing structures, 

buildings or parts thereof which occupy or obstruct the Permanent Works, or relocate existing utilities, 

all as shown on the drawings, described in the “Scope of Works” or as directed by the Engineer. 

Unsuitable materials from demolishing and dismantling remain the property of the Contractor and shall 

be disposed of in a manner and at location to be approved by the Engineer. 

Where partly demolition of structures is required the Contractor shall take the utmost care not to 

damage any part of the structure, which is to remain in place. If any such damage may occur the 

Contractor shall repair and make good the damage at his own expense. 

Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer holes or openings shall be backfilled compacted conform 

“Backfill for Structures”. 

1-3 Datum And Nature Of Excavation 

The Contractor shall be responsible for setting up and maintaining a site datum level. The Engineer 

shall give ‘Zero’ datum on the site, unless otherwise noted on the Drawings. 

Information pertaining to the nature of the ground may be given to the contractor, when available, but 

without any guarantee of correctness or accuracy. 

1-4 Setting Out 

Each Benchmark (B.M.) or centreline for the building and/or other constructions to be under this 

contract, shall be properly set out by the Contractor as shown on the Drawings and inspected and 

approved by the Engineer prior to commencing excavations. 

1-5 Surface Levelling 

All earth works on Site shall be completed before any fill is deposited. Excavations over areas of Site 

or filling with approved material shall be carried out where required to the levels shown on the 

Drawings or to such other levels as may be directed by the Engineer. 


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1-6 Sizes And Depth Of Excavation 

Excavation shall be cut to the size of the foundation shown on the Drawings and taken down to the 

foundation levels shown on the Drawings. If, without the Engineer's written instructions, the 

Contractor goes down below the foundation level specified, he shall fill up the part so excavated with 

concrete of the same type and grade as that required for the piles as defined in Concrete Works and the 

Bill of Quantities at his own expense. 

1-7 Shoring Excavations And Dewatering 

The sides of excavations shall be supported as necessary to maintain a vertical face and/or to prevent 

caving-in of any nature, especially during subsequent operations. The Contractor shall be responsible 

for the design, supply, fixing, safety and removal of all planking, strutting and shoring required to the 

side of the excavation. The Contractor is responsible on the type nd nature os soil to be excavated, also 

he is to use any equipment, including dewatering equipment, to carry out the work required by this 

Contract. 

1-8 Types Of Excavations 

Excavations shall be classified according to the nature of the materials to be removed either as 

excavation in rock or as excavation in earth. Excavation in rock shall be classified as including all 

excavations in hard and consolidated materials, which cannot be removed, by normal excavation tools 

and equipment, and which require drilling or other special means for their removal. All excavation, 

which is not in rock, shall be defined as excavation in earth. 

1-9 Required Bearing Capacity 

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer and obtain instructions if the required bearing capacity: 

(1) is obtained at a lesser depth than that shown on the drawings. 

(2) is not obtained at the depth shown on the drawings. 

Excavation bottoms are to be approved before new work is laid on them. The Contractor is to inform 

the Engineer when excavations are ready for inspection. If, after approval, surfaces become unsuitable 

due to flooding or other causes, the Contractor shall excavate further, backfill with approved filling 

material and compact to approval at no extra cost to the owner. 

Should the soil condition, after the Engineer has been informed the excavations are ready for 

inspection, be such that the Engineer deems it necessary to carry out tests, the Contractor shall perform 

such tests to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Any expenses incurred in the performance of such tests 

are deemed to be included by the Contractor in his tender. 

1-10 Preparations And Inspection Of Excavation 

1-11 Filling 

All excavations shall be kept free of water arising from whatever source, and shall be properly cleaned 

out of all loose and foreign matter, levelled and rammed. The Contractor is to report to the Engineer 

when excavations are ready for inspection and all excavations are to be approved before any further 

work is done. 


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The Engineer shall approve all filling materials before being placed in position. Approved earth, sand, 

or any other suitable material free from rubbish shall be used to make up levels as shown on the 

Drawings. The material shall be placed in successive layers each having a finished thickness not 

exceeding 250 mm before compaction, watered and compacted to at least 98% compaction ratio of the 

maximum dry density of the Modified Proctor test (ASTM D-1557) prior to the placement of the 

succeeding layer. 

Any exposed side or edge of fill shall be properly and evenly graded to a slope as directed or specified. 

When the required quantities of approved fill are not found on Site the Contractor shall, at his own 

expense, obtain them from locations approved by the Engineer. 

Filling to make up levels under building shall be executed with approved suitable material from 

existing ground levels up to underside of ground floor slab, and shall be placed in successive layers 

each having a finished thickness not exceeding 250 mm, watered and compacted to at least 98% 

compaction ratio of the maximum dry density of the Modified Proctor test (ASTM D-1557) prior to 

the placement of the succeeding layer. 

The ground surrounding the building and pavements shall be filled with approved material, fine sand 

and coarse materials, free of foreign materials, debris, clay lumps, organic and vegetation. 

A) Coarse materials: 

Such as sandy gravel, gravely sand, …etc., which is the material retained on sieve no. 4, and consists 

of crushed rock. It shall be clean, hard, tough and free from deleterious substance. 

B) Fine Sand Materials 

Shall consist of that portion of the total aggregate/fines passes no.4 sieve, such as sand, silty sand, etc. 

The fill materials shall consists of the combination of coarse and fine sand and conform to the 

following grading: 

Sieve Size 1/ 2 " 3/8" # 4 # 10 # 30 # 60 # 200 

% 90-100 80-90 58-72 42-50 28-38 8-18 2-5 

70-100 60-85 50-75 30-60 20-40 10-25 0-10 

Pass 100 90-100 65-85 35-45 20-30 15-30 3-8 

The fine sand shall conform to the following grading:- 

Sieve Size # 4 # 30 # 60 # 200 

% 100 80-100 30-50 4-8 

90-100 80-90 20-30 0-10 

Pass 100 90-100 40-90 5-15 

In addition, shall conform to the following physical requirements: 

- Minimum CBR 35 % coarse materials, Kurkar 

25 % fine sand, Sand 

1-12 Disposal of Surplus Material 

All surplus excavated material not used in backfilling or levelling shall be loaded and transported 

elsewhere on the Site as required by the Engineer or, if not required on the Site, shall be loaded and 

carted away from the Site to a dump to be selected by the Contractor and approved by the Municipality 

at the Contractor's own expense. 


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All rubbish arising from the Works shall be cleared away and removed from the Site as it accumulates 

according to the Engineer's instructions and also on completion of the Works. 


1-1 General 

SECTION 3 

CONCRETE WORK 

All materials shall be subject to such tests as the Engineer may direct and provision for such tests 

shall be included in the price for such materials inserted in the Bill of Quantities or Schedule of Rates 

unless otherwise provided for. In case such tests required by the Engineer, an independent and 

officially authorized lab shall carry out such tests and sampling. 

Properly representative samples of all materials to be used in the works shall be submitted by the 

Contractor for the Engineer's approval when required. 


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Where tests are required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall take samples and send to a firm 

experienced in analysis of the material. Reports shall be submitted to the Engineer. The Contractor 

shall bear all expenses consequent to the provision, taking and cartage, etc. of samples, in addition to 

the costs of performing the tests and reporting the results. 

The Engineer reserves the right to reject any material, which, in his opinion is objectionable in any 

respect, not withstanding its apparent compliance with the relevant Standards. Any such rejected 

material shall be removed from the site at the Contractor's expense at once. 

1-2 Formwork for Concrete 

The Contractor shall supply, design, erect, strike and remove the formwork and be entirely 

responsible for its stability and safety so that it will carry the fresh concrete and all incidental loadings 

and preserve it from damage and distortion during its placing, vibration, ramming, setting and curing. 

It shall be so constructed as to leave the finished concrete to the dimensions shown on the Drawings 

and of a material capable of providing the surface finish specified. In any event, the maximum 

permissible deflection under all loads shall not exceed 2mm or 1/600 of the free span, whichever is 

less. 

Formwork shall be of timber and / or metal and shall include all temporary concrete moulds and their 

supports. Bolts to be used for fixing the formwork shall be approved by the Engineer before staring 

the work. 

For concrete surfaces which are to remain exposed wrought formwork shall be used . Wrought 

formwork shall be of timber or steel framing lined with 12mm thick smooth-faced plywood or an 

equal lining approved by the Engineer, or of metal, suitable to obtain a fair face finish on the 

concrete. All external angles or fair faced in-situ concrete shall have chamfers formed with 15x15mm 

(5/8"x5/8") wrought hardwood angle fillets planted in the angles of the formwork, unless larger 

chamfers are shown on the drawings. 

Formwork ready to receive concrete shall be thoroughly clean and the internal faces properly painted 

with approved shutter oil or other preparation. Joints shall be tight to prevent leakage. 

Wherever required and prior to placing of the reinforcement the internal surfaces of all formwork 

shall be treated with approved mould oil. 

All formwork shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer prior to concreting. This approval, 

however, does not relieve the Contractor of any of his responsibilities. 

The striking of all formwork shall be carried out with the greatest of care to avoid damage to concrete. 

The formwork to vertical surfaces such as walls, columns and sides of beams may be removed in 

accordance with the table below although care must be taken to avoid damage to the concrete, 

especially to arises and features. 

Minimum periods in days for striking other formwork should be in accordance with the following 

table, or as directed by the Engineer 

Ordinary Portland cement 

Concrete 

Slabs 14 


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Beam soffits 14 

Walls, columns and sides of beams 3 

Formwork, shuttering, props, or any other means of temporary or semi-permanent support shall not 

be removed from the concrete until the concrete is sufficiently strong to carry safely the load (dead 

and temporary). 

The Contractor shall inform the Engineer when he is ready to strike the formwork, or remove any 

form of temporary support, and shall obtain his written consent before proceeding. 

The times given for the removal of props are based on the assumption that the total live plus dead 

weight to be supported at the time of removal is not more than one half of the total design load. 

For horizontal members where the loading is to be a higher proportion of the total design load these 

times may need to be increased. 

The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage to the concrete work caused by or arising from 

the removal and striking of the forms and supports Any advice, permission or approval by the 

Engineer relative to the removal and striking of forms and supports shall not relieve the Contractor 

from this responsibility. 

Any work showing signs of damage through premature loading is to be entirely reconstructed at the 

Contractor's expense. 

The Contractor shall confirm positions and details of all 

(a) Permanent fixings 

(b) Pipes and conduit 

(c) Holes and chases 

to ensure that alterations are not made without the knowledge and approval of the Engineer. 

The Contractor shall fix inserts or box out as required to correct positions before placing concrete, 

and shall form all holes and chases. He shall not cut hardened concrete without approval. 

1-3 Reinforcement for Concrete 

Steel reinforcement shall generally be hot rolled mild, medium or high yield steel smooth round or 

deformed bars complying with BS 4449 or similar approved standard. 

In case any other type of reinforcement is required, it shall comply with the requirements of the 

Particular Specification. 

All reinforcement shall be free from rust and mill scale and any coating such as oil, clay, paint etc that 

might impair the bond with the concrete. 

Manufacturer's test certificates for all classes of reinforcement shall be supplied when required. 

Specimens sufficient for three tensile tests and three cold-bending tests per ten tons of bars or fraction 

thereof and for each different size of bar shall be sampled under the supervision of the Engineer. 

Testing shall be in accordance with BS 4449 or other approved standard and batches shall be rejected 

if the average results for each batch are not in accordance with the specification. All tests should be 

made on the Contractor's expense. 

All steel is to be totally free from dirt, paint, loose rust or scale when in position ready for concreting. 


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The Contractor shall cut and bend bars to BS 4466 and to schedule provided unless otherwise 

instructed by the Engineer. 

Straight sections of bars must be kept out of winding. The internal radius of bends shall in no case be 

less than four times the diameter of the bar, except for stirrups, column binders, and wall shear bars 

which are to be bent to fit closely around the main bars. 

Great care is to be taken to bend stirrups and columns binders separately and to the sizes shown. 

All bars will be cut and bent cold using approved machines. 

Lengthening of bars by welding, and rebinding of incorrectly bent bars will not be permitted, except 

where requested by the Engineer. 

The Contractor shall provide on site facilities for hand bending to deal with minor adjustments. 

Unless otherwise allowed for in the particular specification splices in reinforcing bars shall be formed 

by lapping. Such laps in bars in any member shall be staggered. Except as otherwise indicated on the 

drawings the minimum overlap of lapped splices shall be 50 bar diameters or 400mm whichever is 

greater. 

The steel is to be fixed in position exactly as indicated, and the bars are to be securely wired together 

with 1.6 or 1.4mm soft iron wire or approved spring steel clips wherever necessary to prevent any 

displacement during concreting. 

Spacers, chairs and the like, temporary or permanent, are to be used as required to ensure that the steel 

has the exact amount of cover indicated. No permanent spacers may show on a surface where a fair 

faced concrete finish or brushed aggregate finishes are required. The Engineer shall approve type of 

spacers before starting the work. 

Unless otherwise indicated, the minimum cover to the reinforcing bars is to be as listed below or 

equal to the diameter of the bar, whichever is greater. 

Position 

Minimum cover - mm 

Main bars of 

Columns and beams 30 

Main bars in floor slabs and 20 

Soffits of roof slabs 

Main bars in top of roof slabs 20 

Outermost bars in internal faces 

of walls 20 

Outermost bars in external faces of 

of walls 25 

Bars in top of ground slabs 20 

Bars near faces in contact with soil 40 


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The placing of all reinforcement will be checked by the Engineer and in no case is concrete to be 

poured around any steel that has not been passed by him. The Contractor is to ensure that no steel is 

displaced from its position during the placement of concrete and until the concrete is set. 

The insertion of bars into or removal of bars from concrete already placed will not be permitted. 

Reinforcement temporarily left projecting from the concrete at the joints shall not be bent without the 

prior approval of the Engineer. 

Secondary reinforced concrete members for which no reinforcement details are given in the drawings 

or the Particular Specifications shall have a minimum ratio of reinforcement area to concrete area of 

0.33 %. 

1-4 Concreting 

Cement 

The cement used shall be Portland Cement conforming in all respects to ASTM Standard 

Specification C150, Type I. Sulphate Resisting Cement shall conform in all respects to ASTM 

Portland Cement, C50 Type V. , or to BS 12 , unless otherwise required , bags shall contain 50kg net 

+ 1%. 

If cements other than the above are required they shall be covered fully by the Particular 

Specification. 

The Contractor shall at all times furnish the Manufacturer's statement of the above Standard 

Specifications together with the date of manufacture, certified by an independent agency in the 

country of origin approved by the Engineer. 

The cement shall be delivered to the site by the Contractor in the original sealed and branded bags or 

containers of the manufacturer in batches not exceeding 100 tons and shall be stored in a proper 

manner off the ground to prevent deterioration. Each batch shall be stacked separately and used in the 

order of delivery. No cement shall be used which has been manufactured more than twelve months 

prior to its proposed use on site. 

All cements whether stored in bulk, bags, or containers in warehouses or on site shall be sampled for 

testing according to ASTM C183 (Methods of Sampling Hydraulic Cements). Test samples over and 

above those specified shall be taken at any time if so requested by the Engineer. Testing of cement 

shall be in accordance with the methods required by ASTM C150 and C175 or BS 12 or any other 

accepted by the Engineer. 

Aggregates 

This specification covers fine and coarse aggregates other than lightweight aggregates for use in the 

production of concrete. 

When lightweight aggregates are required they shall be defined in the Particular Specification. 

The aggregates shall be crushed gravel or stone and shall comply with BS 882 for graded or single 

size aggregate and shall be obtained from any quarry in the mountains approved by the Engineer. For 

convenience part of Clause 5 of BS 882 (grading) including Tables 1, 2 and 3 are reproduced herein. 

Coarse aggregate: the grading of coarse aggregate, when analysed by the method given for sieve 

analysis in BS 812 shall be within the limits given in Table 1. 


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Fine aggregate: the grading of a fine aggregate, when analysed by the method of sieve analysis 

described in BS 812, shall be within the limits of one of the grading zones given in Table 2, except 

that a total tolerance of up to 5 per cent may be applied to the percentages under-lined. This tolerance 

may be split up; for example, it could be 1 per cent on each of three sieves and 2 per cent on another, 

or 4 per cent on one sieve and 1 per cent on another. 

The fine aggregate shall be described as fine aggregate of the grading zone into which it falls, e.g. BS 

882, Grading Zone 1. 

NOTE: It is intended that individual zones should not be specified in contract documents relating to 

concrete but that the concrete mixes should be modified to make the best use of the materials readily 

available. 

If approved by the Engineer. Single-sized aggregate to BS 882 Table 1 may only be used for 

reinforced concrete when combined in two or more sizes to provide a well-graded mixture approved 

by the Engineer. 

Sampling and testing of aggregates shall be as required by BS 882 and in accordance with BS 812 

'Methods for Sampling and Testing 

of Mineral Aggregates , Sands and Fillers' . All sampling shall be done by or under the supervision of 

the Engineer. 

The combined percentage of sulphates and chlorides by weight in coarse and fine aggregates shall not 

exceed 0.05 per cent (500ppm) of the combined weight of total aggregates. 

Just before use the aggregate will be washed down with potable water to reduce the content of 

sulphates, chlorides and other extraneous material. 

Table 1: Coarse Aggregate 

BS 410 

Test 

Sieve 

mm 

Percentage by weight passing BS sieves 

Nominal size of Nominal size of 

Graded aggregate Single-sized aggregate 

400mm 200mm 14mm 63mm 40mm 20mm 14mm 14mm 

to 5mm to 5mm to 5mm 

75.0 100 - - 100 - - - - 

63.0 - - - 85-100 100 - - - 

37.5 95-100 100 - 0-30 85-100 100 - - 

20.0 35-70 95-100 100 0-5 0-25 85-100 100 - 

14.0 - - 90-100 - - 0 85-100 100 

10.0 10-40 30-60 50-85 - 0-5 0-25 0-50 85-100 

5.0 0-5 0-10 0-10 - - 0-5 0-10 0-25 

2.36 - - - - - - - 0-25 


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Table 2: Fine Aggregate 

BS 410 

Test 

Sieve 

Percentage by weight passing BS sieves 

Grading Zone 1 Grading Zone 2 Grading Zone 3 Grading Zone 4 

mm 

10.00 100 100 100 100 

5.00 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100 

2.36 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100 

1.18 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100 

microns 

600 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100 

300 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50 

150 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15 

Handling Aggregates 

The choice and preparation of sites for stockpiling of aggregates, the number and sizes of stockpiles 

and the methods adopted to prevent segregation of component sizes shall be agreed with the Engineer. 

Coarse aggregate shall be stockpiled in three separate gradings: 38-19mm, 19-10mm, 10-5mm . When 

aggregates of different gradings are stockpiled close together bulkheads shall separate the stockpiles. 

Stockpiles are to be on concrete or other hard surface sufficiently sloped so that water is not retained in 

the base of the stockpiles. 

All aggregates are to be handled from the stockpile in such a manner as to secure a typical grading of 

the material, care being taken to avoid crushing the aggregates and contamination with extraneous 

matter. 

Aggregates need not be stockpiled when a crushing-screening plant is used in tandem with a batching 

plant properly equipped with several bins for different sized aggregates having the appropriate 

weighing scales at such bin such that a mix of the desired gradation is obtained consistently and the 

whole operation is conducted to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 

Water 

Unless otherwise authorised in writing by the Engineer, only water from potable supply system may be 

used for mixing concrete and other products containing cement. 

Similarly only potable water may be used for curing concrete and cement products during the first 24 

hours after pouring. Later, fresh water, or other water containing not more than 4750 ppm dissolved 

solids of which not more than 1000 ppm may be chlorides, may be used for curing. 

No additives of any kind shall be used in the concrete without the express approval in writing of the 

Engineer. 

Quality Of Concrete 


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Concrete shall be a mixture of cement aggregates and water as covered respectively by 4.01 to 4.23 

above. 

Where air-entrainment is required, the method to be used shall be specified in the Particular 


The mix proportions, workability and strengths of the various types of concrete shall conform to Table 

4. 

The terms contained in Table 4 are defined as follows: WATER/CEMENT RATIO: the term 

water/cement ratio means the ratio by weight of the water to the cement in the mix, expressed as a 

decimal fraction. The water is that which is free to combine with the cement in the mix. 

This includes free water in the aggregate but excludes water absorbed or to be absorbed by the 

aggregate. The aggregate for this purpose shall be taken in a saturated surface-dry condition. 

The absorption of the aggregates shall be determined in accordance with Section 4 of BS 812 or any 

other method approved by the Engineer. 

The strengths specified are for ordinary Portland cement to BS 12 or Type 1 Cement to ASTM C150; 

if other types of cement are specified, the required strength shall be defined in the Particular 

Specification 

Table 4: Mix Proportions, Workability and Strength Grades of Concrete 

Grade Minimum Works cube 

Strength kg/cm 2 

Max. 

Agg 

mm 

Limits of agg./ 

Cement ration by 

weight 

Use of concrete if not 

otherwise specified 

At 7 days At 28 days Max. Min. 

(A) 150 200 20 7:1 5:1 RC structures in general 

B-200 150 200 37 8:1 6:1 RC Foundations 

(B) 175 250 20 5.5:1 4:1 High load columns 

B-250 175 250 37 6.5:1 4.5:1 High load foundations 

( C) 200 300 20 5:1 3:1 High load columns 

B-300 200 300 37 5:1 3:1 High load foundations 

(D) 100 150 20 10:1 8:1 Plain concrete foundations 

B-150 100 150 37 10:1 8:1 Blinding layer under RC 

Foundations 

(E) 75 100 20 14:0 12:1 Mass lean 

B-100 75 100 37 14:1 12:1 Concrete filling 

Table 4: Mix Proportions, Workability and Strength Standard Mixes 


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Grade of 

Concrete 

Minimum 

works 

Cube 

Strength 

Kg/cm 2 

7 

days 

28 

days 

Weight 

of dry 

sand per 

50 k of 

cement 

20mm max. size 37mm max. size 

Low Med. High Low Med. High 

Max. 

desigm 

W/C 

ratio 

kg kg Kg kg kg kg kg 

B-200 150 200 91 193 159 136 226 193 170 0.55 

B-250 175 250 80 170 136 113 204 170 147 0.50 

B-300 200 300 68 147 113 91 170 136 113 0.45 

Table 4 : Mix Proportions , Workability and Strength Workability 

Degree 

of 

Workabi 

lity 

20 mm Max. size 

aggregate 

Weight of dry coarse aggregate per 50 kg of cement 

Workability 

37 mm Max. size 

aggregate 

Use for which Concrete is 

suitable 

Slump 

Mm 

Compacting 

Factor 

Slump 

mm 

Compacting 

Factor 

Low 13-25 0.82-0.88 13-50 0.82-0.88 Simple reinforced sections 

with vibration 

Medium 25-50 0.88-0.94 50-101 0.88-0.94 Heavily reinforced sections 

with vibration 

High 50-127 0.94-0.97 101-117 0.94-0.97 Sections with heavily 

congested reinforcement 

where vibration is difficult 

In case cylinders are used for determination of concrete compressive strength in accordance with 

ASTM C 39, the corresponding cube strength shall be obtained by using a multiplication factor of 1.2. 

AGGREGATE/CEMENT RATIO: the term aggregate/cement ratio means the ratio by weight of 

aggregate to cement in the mix. For this purpose the aggregate is taken in a saturated surface-dry 

condition as for the water/cement ratio above. 

FINE/TOTAL AGGREGATE RATIO: the term fine/total aggregate ratio means the ratio by weight 

of the fine aggregate to the total aggregate in the mix expressed as a percentage. For this purpose 

the aggregate is also taken in a saturated surface-dry condition as for the water/cement ratio above. 

VOLUME OF AIR ENTRAINED: the air content expressed as a percentage by volume of concrete 

shall be determined by ASTM C231, 'Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure 

Method ' . At least one test for each 120 cubic metres of concrete shall be made. 

SLUMP: the slump of the freshly mixed concrete shall be determined in accordance with Part 2 of 

BS 1881 or ASTM C143. At least one morning and one afternoon test shall be made and 

whenever directed by the Engineer. 

STRENGTH OF CONCRETE: Preliminary Test Cubes shall be taken from the trial mixes designed 

to select the job mix and shall be made and tested in accordance with Parts 3 and 4 of BS 1881. 

SAMPLING FOR COMPLIANCE TESTING: Works Test Cubes shall be those used for control 

during construction and shall be made and tested in accordance with BS 5328 PART 4:1990. 


24 

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Recommended Minimum Rates Sampling 

Average Rate o Sampling 

One Sample (6 cubes) per 

10 m 3 or 

10 batches 

20 m 3 or 

20 batches 

50 m 3 or 

50 batches 

Maximum quantity of concrete at 

risk under any one decision 

40 m 3 

80 m 3 

200 m 3 

The Contractor when tendering having knowledge of the source and types of cement, aggregate, plant 

and method of placing he intends to use shall allow for the aggregate/cement ratio and water/cement 

ratio which he considers will achieve the strength requirements specified and will produce a 

workability which will enable the concrete to be properly compacted to its full depth and finished to 

the dimensions and within the tolerances shown on the Drawings and required by the Particular 

Specification . In any event the aggregate/cement ratio and the water/cement ratio shall not exceed the 

upper limits specified in Table 4 for each type of concrete. Furthermore, the quantity of cement per 

cubic metre of concrete shall in no case be less than the minimum specified in Table 4. 

As soon as possible after signature of the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare such trial mixes as 

required to satisfy the Engineer that the specified concrete strengths will be obtained using the 

materials and mix proportions in accordance with the above clauses. The proportion of cement shall be 

increased if necessary to obtain the strengths required. 

From each trial mix, six Preliminary Test Cubes shall be made and tested at 7 days and four at 28 days, 

the test at 7 days being intended to give and early indication of possible variation from the required 

strength. If the difference between the highest and lowest test results from any one trial mix is more 

than 15 per cent of the average of the strength test results, the test is to be discarded and a further trial 

mix made, unless all test results so obtained are above the required strength. Separate trial mixes are 

required for each type of concrete. The trial mix or mixes agreed by the Engineer shall be designated 

job mixes and used as a basis for actual concrete production. 

Batching And Mixing Of Concrete 

All concrete shall be batched by weight and mixed mechanically. Hand mixing shall not be allowed 

except only upon the written permission of the Engineer. 

Concrete may either be batched and mixed on site or outside the site and transported thereto. 

When mixed outside the site and transported to it, batching and mixing shall be in accordance with 

ASTM Specification C94, 'Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete’. 

When mixed on site , batching and mixing shall be as follows : 

BATCHING BY WEIGHT: The cement and each size of aggregate shall be measured by weight. The 

water may be measured by weight or volume. The weight-batching machines used shall be of a type 

approved by the Engineer and shall be kept in good condition while in use on the Works. Checks are to 

be made as required by the Engineer to determine that the weighing devices are registering correctly. 


25 

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BATCHING AGGREGATE BY VOLUME: When batching aggregates by volume is allowed as and 

when required, the cement shall be batched by weight and the water by weight or volume. Each size of 

aggregate shall be measured in metallic containers the depth of which is at least equal to their greatest 

width. The containers shall be of such shape that their volume can be easily checked by measurement. 

MIXING CONCRETE: the location of the batching and mixing plant shall be agreed with the 

Engineer. 

The amount of concrete mixed in any one batch is not to exceed the rated capacity of the mixer .The 

whole of the batch is to be removed before materials for a fresh batch enter the drum. 

On cessation of work, including all stoppages exceeding 20 minutes, the mixers and all handling plant 

shall be washed with clean mixing water. If old concrete deposits remain in the mixer drum, they shall 

be rotated with clean aggregate and water prior to production of new concrete. 

Concrete mixed as above is not to be modified by the addition of water or in any other manner to 

facilitate handling or for any other reason. 

Work In Cold Or Hot Weather 

Concrete is not to be mixed or placed at a shade air temperature below 2 deg .C on a rising 

thermometer or at a shade air temperature below 3 deg .C on a falling thermometer. 

When the shade air temperature is 37 deg .C and rising, special precautions shall be taken during 

concerting operations, such as shading of the aggregates and plant, cooling of the mixing water or 

other methods approved by the Engineer, so that the temperatures of the concrete when placed shall 

not be in excess of 39 deg .C. 

Fresh concrete placed at these temperatures shall be shaded from the direct rays of the sun to the 

satisfaction of the Engineer for a period of at least 24 hours. 

Placing 

Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to its final position in any suitable manner, provided there 

is no segregation, loss of ingredients or contamination. 

It shall be placed in its final position before initial setting takes place and within 20 minutes of the 

addition of the water to the mixer without using any additives. In case additives will be used, the 

manufacturer specifications of such additives must be handed over to the Engineer to be approved 

before using it. 

The order of placing concrete shall be such as to prevent water from collecting at the ends, corners and 

along the faces of forms. It shall not be placed in large quantities at a given point and allowed to run or 

be worked over a long distance in the form. 

Whenever possible concrete shall be placed and compacted in even layers with each batch adjoining 

the previous one. 

The thickness of the layers shall be between 150 and 300mm for reinforced concrete and up to 450mm 

for plain (non -reinforced) concrete, the thickness depending on the width of forms, the amount of 

reinforcement and the need to place each layer before the previous one stiffens. 

Concrete shall not be allowed to drop freely for more than 2 metres. To convey the concrete as near as 

possible to its final position, drop chutes of rubber or metal shall be used for small sections and bottom 

dump buckets or other suitable vessels for large sections. 


26 

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Concrete shall be carefully compacted when placed to ensure a dense and uniform mass free from air 

holes and cavities. Concrete type "A”, "B"& "C" shall be compacted by vibration, whereas type 'D' and 

'E' concrete may be vibrated or rammed, tamped and rodded. Mechanical or electro -mechanical 

vibrators shall perform vibration. The vibrators shall be of the plunger (poker) type for insertion in the 

concrete: except that plate type vibrators (external) shall be used if requested by the Engineer. 

The plunger (poker) type vibrators shall have a diameter compatible with the lowest spacing of 

reinforcement, a sufficiently high frequency and be properly handled by experienced personnel. They 

hall be immersed at regular intervals close enough to vibrate all of the concrete, but not too close to 

affect previously vibrated and partially set concrete. Each immersion shall continue until shortly after 

air bubbles cease to appear on the surface of the concrete, but shall not last more than 30 seconds. The 

vibrators shall be withdrawn gradually and vertically to ensure that no air pockets are formed. 

When external vibrators are used as directed by the Engineer, they shall be clamped to the forms 

whenever possible to avoid large impact during handling, and the forms shall be so constructed as to 

withstand the additional vibrations. 

All vibrations, compaction and finishing operations shall be completed within 15 minutes from the 

time of placing the concrete in its final position. Until it has hardened sufficiently to carry weight 

without distortion, workers shall not be allowed to walk over freshly placed concrete. 

Concreting of any one part or section of the work shall be carried out in one continuous operation, and 

no interruption of concreting work will be allowed without the approval of the Engineer. Where beams 

and slabs together form an integral part of the structure they shall be poured in one operation. 

A record is to be kept by the Contractor on site of the time and date of placing the concrete in each 

portion of the works and the number and identification of the Works Test Cubes, corresponding to 

these portions. Such records are to be handed to the Engineer weekly during the progress of the work. 

If placing of concrete by pumping is required it shall be specified in the Particular Specification. 

Admixtures 

No admixtures of any type shall be used in the preparation of concrete or concrete products unless so 

required by the Particular Specification or unless so directed by the Engineer. In case any such 

admixtures are used the rates and methods of application shall be strictly in accordance with the 

manufacturer's instructions, which must be approved by the Engineer before using it. 

Curing 

Freshly placed concrete shall be protected from rain, dust storms, chemical attack and the harmful 

effects of heat, wind, flowing water, vibrations and shocks. This protection shall continue until the 

concrete is sufficiently set such that it is no longer damaged by these factors. 

The Engineer shall determine when the protection is no longer required, but in any case this shall not 

be less than 24 hours after the time of placing. 

Concrete shall be cured for at least seven days and as required by the Engineer. Curing shall be 

effected by the direct application of water to the surface of the concrete or by other approved curing 

methods or curing compounds applied in accordance with the manufacturers specifications. In case the 

application of such curing compounds is delayed for any reason, the concrete shall be kept moist until 

the application is made. 


27 

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Timber formwork covering the concrete shall be moistened with water at frequent intervals to keep it 

from drying during the curing period. Metal formwork exposed to the sun must be shaded from its 

direct rays, painted white or otherwise protected during the curing period. 

Formed Finishes 

1 - Basic finish 

General requirements: 

(a) Produce an even finish with a sheet material. 

(b) Arrange panels in a regular pattern. 

(c) Blowholes not more than about 10mm in diameter will be permitted but otherwise 

surface is to be free from voids honey combing and other large defects. 

(d) Variation in colour resulting from the use of a from discoloration due to contamination 

or grout leakage. 

The finish will be left as struck, making good or small defects will normally be permitted but only 

after inspection by the Engineer. All blowholes shall be filled with a matching mortar to an approved 

sample unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer. All faces shall be protected from damage, 

especially arrisses . 

All faces shall be protected from rust marks and other surface disfigurements. Form tie holes shall be 

filled with a matching mortar to an approved sample accepted by the Engineer. 

2 - Fine finish (Fair Face) 

General Requirements: 

a) Produce a smooth even finish with an impervious sheet metal. 

b) Make panels as large as is practicable and arrange to approval. 

c) Blowhole not more than about 5mm in diameter will be permitted but otherwise 

surface is to be free from voids, honey combing and other defects. 

d) Variation in colour resulting from the use of an impervious form lining will be 

permitted, but the surface is to be free from discoloration due to contamination or grout leakage. 

e) Concrete cover spacers shall be used only if approved. 

The finish is to be left as struck. Making good will not normally be permitted. All form tie holes are to 

be filled with a matching mortar to an approved sample. Wire form ties shall not be used. Approval of 

the Engineer for the position of tie holes is to be obtained before use. 

Quality Control Testing Etc. 

Prior to commencing the work the contractor shall make available on site the following minimum 

approved equipment kept in good condition at all times: 

- Six Cube moulds. 


28 

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- Slump cones. 

- Thermometer. 

- Any other accessories as required by the Engineer. 

All samples and testing shall be done in the presence of the Engineer or his authorised representative 

either on site or in an approved testing laboratory in the area. 

The frequency of testing shall be as noted in the clauses of this section and whenever required by the 

Engineer. 

The works Test Cubes shall be made as follows for types of concrete (A), (B) , and (C) : 

(a) At least three times weekly per mixing plant. 

(b) At least once for three individual parts of the structure. 

(c) At least once per 100 cubic meters of Concrete or fraction thereof. 

For types (D), and (E) concrete the rate shall be once per each 100 cubic meters or fraction thereof. 

At least six cubes shall be made at one time. Two of the six cubes are to be tested at seven (7) days. 

The remaining four cubes are to be tested at 28 days, and their average strength must not fall below the 

minimum strength specified for each type of concrete and the lowest test result shall not be more than 

20% below the average of the four cubes. 

When the result of 7-day test is unsatisfactory, the Contractor may elect to remove and replace the 

defective concrete without waiting for the 28-day test. If the result of the 28-day test is unsatisfactory 

all concreting shall be stopped at the Contractors expense and shall not proceed further without the 

written permission of the Engineer. 

The Contractor shall then, in accordance with the instructions of the Engineer, remove cores and test 

same or conduct in- insitu tests in accordance with CP 144 from or on suspect portions of the works, 

under the supervision of the Engineer. 

Concrete judged by the Engineer to be defective shall be forthwith cut out, removed and replaced at 

the Contractors own expense. 

In the event of strengths consistently higher than those specified being obtained, a reduction in the 

number of tests may be authorised by the Engineer. 

Position of Reinforcement 

The actual concrete cover to all steel at any point should not be smaller than the required nominal 

cover by more than 5mm. 

The effective depth of fully or nearly fully stressed tensile reinforcement should not be less than that 

given on the drawings by an amount exceeding 5 per cent of the effective depth of the section being 

considered or 5mm whichever is the greater. 

Ready Mixed Concrete 

Ready - mixed concrete as defined in BS 1926, batched off the site will be used with agreement of the 

Engineer and shall comply with all requirements of the Contract. The quality and strength of cements 

shall be determined by site tests. No test results supplied by Ready-Mix Supplier shall be accepted as 

proof of the quality and strength of the concrete. 

The concrete shall be carried in purpose made agitators operating continuously, or in truck mixers. The 

concrete shall be compacted and in its final position within 1 hour of the introduction of cement to the 


29 

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aggregate or as agreed by the Engineer. The time of such introduction shall be recorded on the 

Delivery Note together with the weight of the constituents of each mix. 

When truck mixed concrete is used, water shall be added under supervision either at the site or at the 

central batching plant as agreed by the Engineer but in no circumstances shall water be added in 

transit. 

Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer truck mixer units and their mixing and discharge 

performance shall comply with the requirements of BS 4251. Mixing shall continue for the number 

and at the rate of revolutions recommended in accordance with BS 4251 or, in the absence of the 

manufacturer's instructions, mixing shall continue for not less than 100 revolutions at a rate of not less 

than 7 revolutions per minute. 

Prior to any ready mixed concrete being ordered, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer details of 

the supplier and shall arrange for the Engineer to inspect the supplier's works if required. 

Truck-mixer units shall be maintained and operated strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations. 


30 

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SECTION 4 

BLOCK WORK 

1-1 Manufacture 

Generally the blocks used shall be of local manufacture made with concrete in approved vibrated 

pressure machines. The fine aggregate to be used for blocks shall be clean and sharp approved sand. It 

shall be chemically and structurally stable and shall comply with the Table of Grading given 

hereunder. The cement, coarse aggregate and water to be used for blocks shall comply with the 

requirements given for Concrete Works, and the methods of measuring and mixing the material shall 

be the same. The following Mixing Table shall be strictly adhered to in all cases. Water/cement ratio 

shall be strictly governed to produce a mix of nil - slump. 

Mixing Table 

Nominal Mix (all by volume) 

1 part Cement, 2 parts Fine Aggregate and 5 parts Coarse Aggregate 

Table Of Grading 

(a) Fine aggregate 

BS 410 Sieve No. Approximate size: mm Percentage(by weight) Passing 

BS sieve 

- 10.00 100 

- 5.00 90-100 

7 2.36 75-100 

14 1.18 55-90 

25 0.60 35-59 

52 0.30 8-30 

100 0.15 0-10 

b) Coarse aggregate 10mm single size aggregate. 

The blocks shall be hard, sound, square and clean with sharp well defined arrises and shall, unless 

previously approved by the Engineer, be a work size of (400 x 200 x 200mm) with properly formed 

half blocks for bonding. 


31 

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Hollow blocks, where required, shall be similar quality and overall size to solid blocks, and shall be of 

local manufacture made with concrete as described above in approved vibrated pressure machines. The 

design of the cavities and webs shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before manufacture. 

The thickness of the membranes or solid portions of hollow blocks shall be not less than (30 mm) each 

and the combined thickness of the solid portion shall exceed one third of the total thickness in either 

horizontal direction 

(Light weight lime - blocks can be used according to drawings, bills of quantities and Engineer’s 

approval) 

Arrises shall be sharp and true; blocks which have damaged arrises are not to be used in the works and 

shall be discarded at the expense of the Contractor. 

Immediately after moulding the blocks shall be placed on clean, level, non-absorbent pallets. Blocks 

shall not be removed from the pallets until inspected and approved by the Engineer. Blocks shall be 

cured by being kept thoroughly wet by means of water sprinklers or other approved means for a period 

determined by the Engineer but in all cases for not less than three days. Blocks must not be left on 

earth or sand during the curing process. Blocks shall be stacked in honeycomb fashion. Solid stacking 

will not be permitted. 

The average crushing strength of solid or hollow blocks shall be not less than 35 kg/cm of gross area 

(average of 12 blocks). 

1-2 Mortars 

The sand to be used for mortar shall be clean and sharp. It shall be chemically and structurally stable 

and shall comply with the Table of Gradings below. The lime if used for mortar shall be hydrated 

lime complying with BS 890. 

Where coloured mortars are required these shall be obtained either by the use of coloured cement or 

by addition of pigments complying with BS 1014. 

The cement and water to be used for mortar shall comply with the requirements given under Concrete 

Works Section, and the methods of measuring and mixing shall be the same. The following Mixing 

Table shall be strictly adhered to in all cases. 

Mixing Table 

Nominal 

Mix 

1 

: 

4 


Cement 

Kilos 

3 

6 

0 

Sand 

m 

Lime 

(Dry Hydrate) 

Kilos 

1.00 As approved by 

The Engineer 

BS 410 

Sieve No. 

Approximate 

Size: mm 

Sand Passing Through Sieve: 

percentage 

- 3 95-100 

7 2.4 80-100 

14 .2 60-100 

25 0.6 30-100 

52 0.3 5-65 


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100 0.15 0-15 

200 0.08 0-5 

Note: the above figures represent the limits of percentages (by weight) passing sieves 

of the sizes mentioned. 

The mortar generally shall be cement and sand (1:4) mix . 

Where plasticiser is added to the mortar the following mixes shall be used: 

(a) Building mortar - cement and sand (1:6) and 

(b) Mortar for pointing - cement and sand (according to plasticizer manufacturer 

recommendation) 

The plasticiser shall be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and subject to 

the Engineer's approval. 

All mortars shall be used before the initial set has begun. Mortar shall not be remixed after the initial 

set has taken place. The full description given under Plaster Work Section, shall apply also to the 

measuring, mixing etc. of mortar for block work. 

1-3 Construction 

All block work shall be set out and built to the dimensions shown on the Drawings. 

Walls shall be carried up regularly without leaving any part more than one meter lower than another 

unless the permission of the Engineer is first obtained. Work, which is left at different levels, shall be 

racked back. In the case of cavity walls, both thicknesses shall not be carried up more than about 400 

mm. 

The courses of block work shall be properly levelled. The perpendicular joints shall be properly lined 

and quoins, jambs and other angles plumbed as the work proceeds. 

All walls shall be thoroughly bonded in accordance with the best constructional practice and as 

directed by the Engineer. Broken blocks shall not be used except where required for bond (if approved 

by the Engineer). 

All concrete blocks shall be soaked with water before being used and the tops of walls left off shall be 

wetted before work is resumed. The faces of walls shall be kept clean and free from mortar droppings 

and splashes 

All blocks shall be properly spread with mortar before being laid and all joints shall be thoroughly 

flushed up solid through the full thickness of the wall at each course as the work proceeds. 

For block walls the gauge shall be ten courses to 2100 mm. 

Walls to be left unplastered shall have a fair face consisting of selected blocks pointed with a neat 

weathered or flush joint as the work proceeds using the same mortar mix as for jointing. 

Walls to be plastered shall have the horizontal joints raked out to depth of 8 mm to form a key. 

Block work shall be bonded to concrete columns and the like with 200 x 60 x 6 mm non ferrous metal 

ties cast in concrete and subsequently bent down, ragged and built into every 2 courses of block work. 

Gunning ties to concrete will not be permitted (other ways of bond must be approved by the Engineer). 


33 

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SECTION 5 

ROOFING 

1-1 Corrugated Steel Roofs 

All corrugated galvanised steel sheeting (whether fixed to wood or steel framing) shall be of 23 or 24 

gauge fixed with a minimum of 50mm end laps and with a minimum of one corrugation side lap. 

When instructed to have a one-corrugation side lap, the sheets shall have a cover of not less than 20 

mm and all the lapped sides shall be turned downwards. Where practicable the exposed lapped sides 

shall be arranged to face away from the prevailing wind. When instructed to have a one and a half 

corrugations side lap the sheets shall be arranged alternatively with a cover of not less than 90mm, the 

first sheet being fixed with the lapped sides turned upwards away from the bearer and the cover sheet 

with the lapped sides turned downwards. 

Sheets shall be secured to purlins at centres not exceeding 300mm by galvanised self-parking screws 

(minimum 75mm long) with galvanised diamond shaped washers and lead sealing washers. 

All holes for bolts, self-parking screws etc. shall be punched from the underside of the sheets and shall 

be on the crown of the corrugations. 

Galvanised steel ridge capping shall be supplied and fixed to purlins as described above. 

1-2 Screeds 

Hook bolts; self-parking screws and washers shall generally comply with BS 1494. 

The provisions of Concrete Work section shall apply to the construction of solid reinforced concrete 

slab roofs and to hollow slab roofs. The actual finish will be specifically shown on the Drawings or in 

the Particular Specification. 

Lightweight concrete screeds for obtaining falls or as an insulation layer shall be of approved type of 

foamed concrete. The materials shall be measured, applied and cured in accordance with the 

manufacturer's instructions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 

In all cases the finished screed shall be of an approved proprietary type with a density of not less than 

400kg/ m2 to receive the applied roofing. Mixing shall take place using approved mechanical mixers. 

Concrete screeds for obtaining falls shall be (1:3:6) mix. 

All screeds shall be laid in bays not exceeding 10 square metres and formed between stop boards of 

the correct height and cut on each side to indicate the slope required in the roofing. The screed shall 

then be trowelled with a wooden float to true and accurate falls or cross falls up to the stop boards. A 

10mm side gap shall be left between each screed bay for the full depth of the screed. The screeds shall 


34 

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be allowed to cure thoroughly to attain maximum shrinkage. Any cracks, which appear due to 

shrinkage, shall be made good. The gaps between bays shall then be filled in with cold bitumen. 

Where the roof screeds are to be reinforced with one layer of galvanised wire mesh, this shall be 

supported on top of the base on spacers to ensure that it is maintained at between 10mm and 15mm 

below the top of the finished screeds. It shall be at least 100mm wide, securely wired together. It shall 

be stopped 20mm from the edge of each bay. 

1-3 Insulation 

1-4 Tiling 

When an asphalt sheet is used on the top of the screeds, it should have the following 

properties: 

− Asphalt sheets should be supplied in rolls of 1-1.2m width and 4mm thick. 

− Top surface should have a layer of medium size white aggregates (2-3mm) 

Applying asphalt sheets should be made according to the manufacturer instructions. 

Top surface of screeds should be cleaned and a suitable prime should be sprayed before using asphalt 

sheets. 

An overlap of 15-20cm should be made on sheets. 

Hot asphalt should be sprayed before erecting the sheets, which should be heated 

(bottom side). 

Sheets should have at least 15cm vertical edges, all around the roof (a special groove should be made 

in the roof parapet to erect the vertical side of the sheets) 

During erecting asphalt sheets, contractor should prevent air pockets entrained under the sheets, which 

will be full flame applied. 

Tiled finishing to roofs shall be manufactured and laid as described in Section P (Plasterwork etc.) 

Tilted tiled skirting shall include a triangular fillet of screed material and pointing at top with 

polysulphide mastic. 

1-5 Expansion Joints 

The expansion joints shall generally be of 10mm thick fibreboard impregnated with bitumen 

accurately cut, with butt joints and fixed vertical and straight .The top 10mm of the joint shall be 

filled with a grey polyurethane gun grade sealant, which confirms with BS 4254. 

Expansion joints shall continue into the tilted tile, skirting and fillets. 

1-6 Felt Roofing 

Felt roofing, below tiling, shall be two-ply, tropical grade, fibre- based bituminous roofing felt 

weighing not less than 1.8kg /m2 and shall comply generally with BS 747 (Class 1 Type 16) and shall 

be executed by an approved specialist. 


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The felt shall be thoroughly bonded to the roof or screed and between layers. Care shall be taken to 

ensure that all surfaces upon which felt is to be laid are dry, smooth and clean. 

The bonding shall be by means of bitumen (60 /70 penetration) applied hot as a continuous coating to 

an average thickness of not less than 1.5mm and not more than 2mm, so as to give a complete coat 

over the whole area at the rate of not less than 1.5kg /m2 and not more than 2.0kg /m2 for each 

bonding coat. 

The felt shall be laid with 150mm side and end laps, which shall be staggered. 

The felt shall be carried up the walls etc., over fillets to from a skirting continuous with the roof 

covering. The skirting shall be bonded to the fillets and walls and shall be not less that 150mm in 

vertical height. 

Application of materials shall conform in all respects with the British Standard CP 144: Part 1, ‘Roof 

Coverings, built-up bitumen felt', or any standards approved by the Engineer. 

The felt shall be dressed and bonded into rainwater outlets and under flashings. 

1-7 Bitumen Roofing 

Where roof finishing’s are required to be of a bitumen and sand mix this shall be composed of a mix 

to the following proportion (by weight) : 

Bitumen 60 /70 penetration 13 % 

Filler (passing 200 sieve) 11 % 

Sand 76 % 

Mixing shall be carried out in an approved machine until all materials are thoroughly mixed. The 

mixing temperature shall be between 163OC and 191OC and it shall be applied at a temperature 

sufficient to maintain the workability of the mix. The covering shall be laid in one coat to give a 

consolidated thickness of 20mm after rolling with a light hand roller. 150x150mm angle fillets shall 

be laid at edges of roofs against parapets etc., properly bonded to the roof covering and with top 

edges turned into joints of walls. The covering shall also be pressed into rainwater outlets and under 

flashings. 

1-8 Asphalt 

An approved specialist using mastic asphalt to BS 988 shall execute asphalt roofing and tanking. 

The asphalt shall be applied in the thickness and number of coats described in the Particular 

Conditions, with each successive coat breaking joints at least 300mm (12") and with properly formed 

angles, double angle fillets and fair edges. 

Joints of block work shall be raked out and all vertical surfaces hacked for key. 

Horizontal work shall be laid on a layer of stout sheathing felt. 

1-9 Completion 

On completion all roofs etc are to be left sound, watertight and in clean condition before handing 

over. 



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SECTION 6 

PLASTER WORK 

1-1 General 

The British Standards (BS) governs the work covered in this section. 

1-2 Materials 

Portland cement, fine aggregate and water shall be as previously specified in Concrete Work section. 

The colour pigments shall be of an approved manufacture, lime proof and non-fading. 

The sand for plastering shall be clean fine sand and shall be chemically and structurally stable. The 

sand shall be sieved and graded in accordance with the Table of Grading given below. 


BS 410 

Sieve No. 

Approximate Size 

mm 

Sand Passing Through Sieve 

Percentage : 

UNDERCOAT FINISH COAT 

7 2.4 95-100 100 

14 1.2 80-95 95-100 

25 0.6 30-55 30-85 

52 0.3 5-50 5-50 

100 0.15 0-10 0-10 

Note: the above figures represent the limits of percentages (by weight) passing sieves of the sizes 

mentioned. 

Imported lime shall be of the hydrate type complying with BS 890. 

Bonding agents where required shall be of a type approved by the Engineer, and shall be used as 

recommended by the manufacturer 

The Contractor shall ensure that supplies of materials are sufficient to give consistent and uniform 

colour to surface finishes which are not to be painted. 

1-3 Mixing 

The methods of measuring and mixing shall be as laid down under Concrete Work section, and the 

proportions shall be in accordance with the Mixing Table given below. 


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Mixing Table 

Nominal mix Ratio Cement/ Kg Fine Aggregate or 

Sand /m3 

(I)(dry hydrate ) 

kg 

1:5 cement 289 1.00 - 

1:4 cement 361 1.00 - 

1:3 cement 476 1.00 - 

1:2 ½ cement 577 1.00 - 

1:2 cement 721 1.00 - 

1:1 cement 1442 1.00 - 

1:5 cement with 1:5:1 289 1.00 124 

20 % (I) 

1:4 (I) cement with 

10 % 

1:10:2 1/2 145 1.00 161 

* I = Imported Li 

With regard to the lime mortars gauged with cement, the addition just before use of the cement to 

small quantities of the lime/sand mix shall preferably take place in a mechanical mixer and mixing 

shall continue for such time as will ensure uniform distribution of materials and uniform colour and 

consistency. It is important to note that quantity of water used shall be carefully controlled. 

1-4 Plastering And Similar In-Situ Finishing’s And Backings 

All plastering shall be executed in a neat workmanlike manner. All faces except circular work shall be 

true and flat and angles shall be straight and level or plumb. 

Plastering shall be neatly made good up to metal or wooden frames and skirting and around pipes or 

fittings. Angles shall be rounded to 5mm radius. 

Surfaces of undercoats shall be well scratched to provide a key for finishing coats. Screed marks or 

making good on undercoats shall not show through the finishing coats. 

Surfaces described, as trowelled smooth shall be finished with a steel trowel to a smooth flat surface 

free from trowel marks. 

Surfaces described as floated shall be finished with a wooden or felt float to a flat surface free from 

trowel marks. 

All tools, implements, vessels and surfaces shall at all times be kept scrupulously clean and strict 

precautions shall be taken to prevent the plaster or other materials from being contaminated by pieces 

of partially set material which would tend to retard or accelerate the setting time. 

Coating work shall not be started until all: 

a) required openings, chases or other apertures have been cut 

b) pipes, fixtures, fixing pads and plugs have been fixed 

c) making good has been completed . 

The Contractor shall protect all existing work and approaches, with boards, dust sheets etc. All 

droppings onto finished work shall be cleaned off immediately. 

The Contractor shall ensure that all plant and tools are kept clean and free from previous mixes. 


38 

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The Contractor shall make good defective or damaged coatings before starting decoration works. 

1-5 Preparation For Plaster etc. 

All surfaces to be plastered shall be clean and free from dust, loose mortar and all traces of salts. 

Projections and concrete fins shall be hacked off. Traces of mould oil, paint, grease, dust and other 

incompatible materials shall be removed by scrubbing with water containing detergent. 

Where cement plaster is to be applied the surfaces shall first be wetted and dashed with a mixture of 

Portland cement and sand (1:2) mix to form a key. This should be kept wet with a fine water spray 

until set, and allowed to harden before applying undercoat for a minimum of 3 days. 

All surfaces shall be thoroughly sprayed with water and all free water allowed to disappear before 

plaster is applied. 

Bonding agents where required shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions 

and must be approved by the Engineer. 

Before plastering is commenced all junctions between differing materials shall be reinforced in 

accordance with clause 9.21. 

1-6 Curing Of Plaster etc. 

Each coat of plaster should be kept damp for the first three days. Care must be taken to prevent too 

rapid drying out during hot weather and in drying winds. 

The Contractor shall therefore provide a protective covering of plastic or similar impervious sheeting, 

which must be hung so that it is clear of the finished surface. 

Any cracking, discoloration or other defects caused by inadequate protection shall be remedied at the 

Contractor's expense. 

1-7 Uses Of Plaster etc. 

The type, mix and thickness of plaster for each location shall be as stated in the Particular 

Specification or shown on the Drawings, and shall generally be selected from the Schedule of Plasters 

given in Table P1. 

Table P1 : Schedule Of Plasters 


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DESCRIPTION Render And 

Spray 

Cement and Sand 

Total 

Thicknes 

s 

Plain Face 

Cement and Sand 

Walls 13 15 13 

Ceilings 10 10 10 

Gauged Plastering Lime 

and Sand with Cement 

Underco Mix 1:4 Floated 1:4 Scratched 1:10:2.5 Scratched 

ats 

Thicknes 

Surface 

Walls 10 as required as required 

s (mm) Ceilings 7 as required as required 

Finishing Mix 1:1 Sprayed 1:4 trowelled or floated 1:10:2.5 trowelled or 

Thicknes Surface 

floated 

s (mm) Walls 3 as required as required 

Ceilings 3 as required as required 

Remarks External use External or internal use 

may be applied in one 

coat to ceiling only if 

Internal use may be applied 

in one coat if finished 

thickness is 12mm and the 

finished thickness is required surface finish is 

12mm and the required obtained. 

surface finish is obtained. 

1-8 Application Of Plaster etc. 

After preparation of the surfaces the undercoat shall be applied to the required thickness between 

screeds laid, ruled and plumbed as necessary when nearly set the surface of the undercoat shall be 

scratched. The undercoat shall be allowed to set hard and shall be cured. Where plastering is applied 

in one coat or where roughcast is to be applied the scratching should be omitted. 

The finishing coat shall be applied to the required thickness by means of a laying - on trowel and 

finished to give the required surface. 

The surfaces shall be finished to a true plane to correct line and level, with all angles and corners to a 

right angle unless otherwise specified, and with walls and reveals plumb and square. The surfaces 

shall be finished to within 3 mm of a straight edge 1.80m long placed on face of plaster. 

Undercoat shall be worked well into the interstices of metal work to obtain maximum key. 

Each coat shall be applied firmly to achieve good adhesion, and ruled to an even surface. 

Each coat shall be applied to each wall and ceiling surface in one continuous operation. 

Each coat shall be applied at full thickness down to floor level or skirting lath. 

All undercoats shall be cross scratched to provide key for next coat . 

Cement based undercoats shall be allowed to dry out thoroughly to ensure that drying shrinkage is 

substantially complete before applying subsequent coat. 

50 mm each side of angle bead to be finished with neat Keene’s cement before plaster finishing coat 

is applied. Where angle beads are not specified, angles shall be formed with pencil round arris. 


40 

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Smooth Finish 

Finished with a steel-laying trowel to an even surface. 

Wood Float Or Plain Finish 

Finished with a dry wooden float as soon as wet sheen has disappeared from surface to give overall 

even texture. 

Rough Textured Finish 

Finished with a cork or carpet float to provide a rough but open-textured surface. 

Scraped finish 

Finished with laying trowel to uniform thickness and after coat has set but before it is too hard, 

aggregate exposed by scraping surface of skin to approved texture. 

Rough Cast Finish 

Thrown on while wet with trowel or scooped to an even texture and left as cast. 

Dry Dash Finish 

Topcoat of rendering finished to uniform thickness; while coating is plastic, aggregate thrown on to 

cover surface and particles pressed lightly into mortar to ensure adhesion. 

Sprayed Finish 

The sprayed finish shall be applied with an approved machine to give a finish of even texture and 

thickness. The sprayed finish shall be applied in three separate coats allowing time for drying between 

coats. 

Application in one continuous operation to build up a thick layer will not be permitted. The total 

finished thickness of the four-sprayed coats shall be not less than 3 mm. The sprayed finish shall not 

be applied until all repairs and making good to the undercoat are completed. Rainwater pipes, fittings 

and the like shall first be fitted, then removed during the spraying process and refitted and jointed 

afterwards. Any plaster, which adheres to other pipes, doors, windows and the like, shall be carefully 

removed before it has set. Curing shall take place after the application of the fourth coat. 

1-9 Steel Mesh Lathing, Stops And Beads 

Steel mesh lathing shall be galvanized type weighing 1.6kg/m. 

Steel rods for distancing shall be hot rolled mild steel round bars to BS 4449, diameter to approval, 

galvanized to BS 729 or bitumen coated. 

Steel clout nails shall be to BS 1202: Part 1, Table 3, galvanized to BS 729. 

Galvanized steel angle bead with 50 mm galvanized expanded metal mesh on both sides of bead. 


41 

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Mesh lathing shall be fixed with the long way of the mesh at right angles to supports. 

In horizontal work it shall be fixed with all mesh strands sloping in the same direction. 

In vertical work it shall be fixed with all mesh strands sloping inwards and downwards from face of 

coating. 

Lathing shall be fixed from the center outwards so that it is taut. 

Lathing shall not be lapped within 100mm of angles or curves. 

Junctions of lathing shall be reinforced at corners with 75 x 75 mm angled plain mesh, fixed to rails 

with tying wire at not more than 100mm centers. 

Ends of wire shall be bent away from face of coating. 

Beads and stops shall be fixed plumb, square and true to line and level. 

Metal angle beads shall be fixed to solid backgrounds with plaster dabs, and shall be fixed to timber 

supports with 28mm clout nails. Both types of fixing shall be on each side of angle at not more than 

600mm centers . 

At junctions between dissimilar solid backgrounds in the same plane and with the same coating, steel 

lathing shall be fixed with 38 mm clout nails or with staples. They shall be driven into drilled and 

plugged holes or into fixing bricks or plugs built in or cast in: 

(a) At single junctions, lathing to be not less than 450mm wide, fixed each edge at 100 mm centers 

. 

(b) At columns, lathing to extend not less than 150mm beyond each junction, fixed each 

edge centrally at 100 mm centers . 

Side edges of lathing shall be lapped not less than 25mm, and secure with tying wire at not more than 

100mm centers . 

Ends of lathing shall be lapped 40mm at supports and 50mm between supports, and secured with 

tying wire at not more than 100m centers. 

Lathing fixed to metal supports shall be fixed with hair-pin shaped tying wire ties at not more than 

100mm centers, passed over the support with both ends through mesh, twisted tight, ends cut off and 

bent flat. 

Concrete, block work or masonry backgrounds shall be drilled and plugged at not more than 

100x400mm centres and the lathing shall be fixed with 38mm clout nails or wire staples driven at an 

angle to tauten the mesh. 


1-1 General 

SECTION 7 

WALL AND FLOOR TILING WORKS 


42 

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The British Standards (BS) govern the work covered in this section. 

1-2 Materials 

Portland cement, fine aggregate and water shall be as previously specified in Concrete Work section. 

The marble chipping shall be of an approved quality in irregular pieces varying from 2 mm to 10 mm 

in size depending on the effect required. The pieces should preferably be roughly cubical in shape 

where flaky shaped pieces shall not be used. 

The granite chipping shall be of an approved quality graded from 12 mm down with not more than 5 

percent fine material passing a No.100 sieve. 

Marble and granite aggregates shall comply generally with the Table of Gradings. In connection with 

marble aggregates the percentages are approximate only. The actual grading should be selected to 

produce the surface effects required. 

Table Of Gradings 

BS 410 

Approximate Size Percentage of Aggregate 

Sieve No. 

mm 

Passing Through Sieve 

GRANITE 

MARBLE 

- 13 100 - 

- 10 95-100 95-100 

- 5 30-60 25-60 

7 2.4 20-50 5-30 

14 1.2 15-40 0-10 

25 0.6 10-30 - 

59 0.3 5-15 - 

100 0.15 0-5 - 

NOTE: the above figures represent the limits of percentages (by weight) passing sieves of the sizes 

mentioned. 

1-3 Cement And Sand Tiles 

Cement and sand tiles shall be formed with a (1:2) mix of white or coloured cement, or in white 

cement with a colour pigment added, and sand applied as a facing not less than 7.5mm thick to a 

Portland cement and sand (1:5) mix backing. 

The tiles shall be cast in heavy moulds under pressure to the proportions and sizes shown in the 

following table. 

Cement And Sand Tile Dimensions 

Size mm Size tolerances mm Minimum total thickness 

mm 

200x200 ± 0.5 20 

250x250 ± 0.5 25 

300x300 ± 1.0 25 


43 

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400x400 ± 1.0 30 

Coloured cement and sand skirting to match tiles, 100mm or 200mm with chamfered top edges shall 

be produced in the same way as the tiles using the same mixes. 

All cement and sand tiles shall be cured by totally immersing them, after the initial set has taken 

place, in a tank of clean water for at least 24 hours. 

Cement and sand tiles shall be laid and bedded direct onto a concrete sub-floor on a cement and sand 

(1:4) mix screed. This screed shall be 25mm thick in the case of 25mm tiles and 30mm thick in the 

case of 20mm tiles. The total thickness of cement and sand screed and tiles shall not exceed 50mm. 

All tiles shall be laid with square joints. 

All tiling shall be grouted up on completion, care being taken to fill all joints completely. The grout 

shall consist of neat cement of a colour to match the tiling. Any surplus grout shall be cleaned off the 

face of the tiling and surrounding surfaces immediately and all tiling shall be carefully cleaned off. 

1-4 Terrazzo Tiles 

Terrazzo tiles shall be formed with a (1:2 1/2) mix of white or coloured cement or white cement with 

a colour pigment added and granular marble chippings applied as a facing not less than 5 mm thick to 

a Portland cement and sand (1:5)) mix backing. 

The tiles shall be cast in heavy metal moulds under pressure to the proportions and sizes shown in the 

following table. 

Terrazzo Tile Dimensions 

Size mm Size tolerances mm Minimum total 

thickness mm 

200x200 ± 0.5 20 

250x250 ± 0.5 25 

300x300 ± 1.0 25 

400x400 ± 1.0 30 

Tiles shall be cured as for cement and sand tiles and then ground, filled and polished before 

distribution to site. 

Grinding shall be done wet by means of a No. 80 carborundum stone. Filling shall be carried out with 

a neat cement grout of the same colour, as the facing mix and this shall be worked into the surface 

with a wooden shaper to fill all voids and air holes. 

Surplus grout shall be removed with a dry cloth. After a minimum period of 24 hours polishing shall 

be carried out wet by means of a No. 140 carborundum stone. 

Terrazzo skirting 100 mm or 200 mm high with chamfered top edges shall be produced in the same 

way as for tiles using the same mixes. 

Terrazzo tiles shall be laid and bedded direct onto a sand layer with a cement and sand (1:4) mix 

mortar. This mortar shall be 25mm thick in the case of 25mm tiles and 30mm thick in the case of 

20mm tiles. The total thickness of the cement and sand screed and tiles shall not exceed 50 mm . 


44 

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All tiling shall be grouted up on completion ; care being taken to fill all joints completely . The grout 

shall consist of neat cement of a colour to match the tiling . Any surplus grout shall be cleaned off the 

face of the tiling and surrounding surfaces immediately and all tiling shall be carefully cleaned off . 

All terrazzo surfaces shall be polished on completion. Large areas such as floors shall be wet polished 

by means of approved machines using No. 140 carborundum wheel. Any surface too small for 

convenient machine polishing may be polished by hand using a No.140 carborundum stone and water 

Care must be taken during any polishing operation not to damage any of angles or arrises. 

Terrazzo covering to items such as sills, treads and risers to steps, skirting etc., shall generally be 

applied in accordance with the foregoing specification except that the thickness of the facing shall be 

at least 10 mm (marble can be used if approved by the Engineer). 

1-5 Marble Paving 

Marble pavings shall generally be 30 mm thick and the size, type and pattern shall be as stated in the 

Particular Specification and/or shown on the Drawings. The marble slabs shall be fixed solid on a 

bed of cement and sand (1:4) mix 30 mm thick with tight joints grouted in lime putty. Protective 

slurry of lime putty at least 3 mm thick shall be applied to the marble paving and subsequently 

cleaned off. 

Treads shall be 30mm thick fixed solid on a bed of cement and sand (1:4) mix 30mm thick. Risers to 

stairs shall be 20mm thick fixed solid on a backing of cement and sand (1:4) mix 30 mm thick. 

Windowsills shall be 40mm thick bedded hollow on 

plaster 

slabs. Skirting shall be 10mm thick, in lengths of about 1.5 meters, fixed solid on a backing of cement 

and to coincide with joints in adjacent paving. Rounded arrises, nosing and mouldings shall be 

adequately protected by means of timber casings. Treads, risers, skirting and windowsills shall be 

grouted and protected in a manner similar to paving. 

The exposed faces and edges of all marble shall be polished smooth and be free from scratches or 

other defects. Concealed faces of marble shall be treated with shellac or bituminous paint. 

1-6 Marble Lining 

Marble lining to walls, columns and the like shall generally be 20 mm thick and the size, type and 

pattern shall be as stated in the Particular Specifications and/or as shown on the drawings. 

The marble slabs shall be cut square and true and shall be uniform in shape and thickness. Patterns 

and mouldings shall be accurately formed in accordance with the Drawings. 

Exposed edges and mouldings shall be protected by means of timber casing or lime putty coating. The 

exposed edges and faces of all marble shall be polished smooth and shall be free from scratches or 

other defects. 

1-7 Ceramic, Glazed And Quarry Tiling 

Clay floor quarries and fittings shall be in accordance with BS 1286 

type A and the thickness and size shall be as stated in the Particular Specification or on the Drawings. 

Ceramic floor tiles and fittings shall be in accordance with BS 1286 type B , vitrified or fully vitrified 

and the thickness and size shall be as stated in the Particular Specification or on the Drawings . 

Glazed ceramic floor tiling shall be of the type, thickness and size as stated in the Particular 

Specification or on the Drawings. 


45 

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The tiles shall be true to shape, flat and free from flaws, cracks and crazing and keyed on the reverse 

side and shall be of a manufacture approved by the Engineer. 

Bedding mortar shall be cement and sand all in accordance with the materials stated in Concrete Work 

and Block work sections. 

Any admixtures to the mortar must be approved before use. 

Grout pointing shall be white or coloured cement. 

Cement and sand mortar bed of not more than 20 mm or thickness of the tile shall be laid. 

Tiles shall be firmly tamped into mortar to form a level surface. 

The Contractor shall ensure that when fixing tiles with thin bed 

adhesive 

, the base to receive tiles is clean, level and dry, with no loose and friable areas and surface dusting. 

Cement-based adhesive shall be prepared and used in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations to form a bed not more than 3 mm thick. 

Tiles shall be laid dry and tamped well down into the adhesive to ensure a proper bond with base and 

a level surface. 

When bedding tiles on thick bed, semi-dry cement and sand (1:4) mortar bed shall be spread not less 

than 25 mm thick. 

Before the compacted bed has set a cement and sand slurry (1:1) about 3mm thick shall be spread 

over the surface. 

The tiles shall be laid dry and tamped into the slurry to form a level surface. 

Joints shall be even and not more than 3mm wide, in both directions. 

Joints shall be continuous both horizontally and vertically. 

The tiles shall be grouted up with white or coloured cement mortar (1:1) worked well into joints when 

bed is sufficiently firm to prevent disturbances of the tiles; surplus grout shall be cleaned off from 

faces of tiles. 

Movement joints shall be provided not less than 6 mm wide where shown on the Drawings or as 

directed by the Engineer. 

Movement joints shall be carried through the depth of tile and bedding and partially filled with filling 

strip and finished flush with sealant to manufacturer's recommendations. 

Where tiling abuts against wood or metal frames or other tiling at angles and around pipes etc. , it 

shall be carefully cut and fitted to form a close neat joint . Open irregular joints filled with cement 

and sand or plaster will not be permitted. 

Tiles shall be cleaned off and polished at completion. 

Water shall not be allowed on new tiling until bedding and grouting have completely set. 


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No traffic shall be allowed on the floor until 4 days after completion and then only light traffic for a 

further 10 days. 

1-8 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiling 

Glazed ceramic wall tiles shall be in accordance with BS 1281 with or without cushioned edges and 

spacer lugs and shall be white or coloured as stated in the Particular Specification. 

Glazed ceramic tile fittings shall be rounded edge or angle bead type to match plain tiles. 

The tiles shall be true to shape, flat and free form flaws, cracks and crazing and keyed on the reverse 

side and shall be of a manufacture approved by the Engineer. 

Bedding mortar shall be cement and sand (1:3) all in accordance with the materials stated in Concrete 

Work and Block work sections 

Any admixtures to the mortar must be approved before use. 

Mastic adhesives shall be of an approved manufacture and shall comply with the performance 

requirements of CP 212: Part 1, if approved by the Engineer. 

Grout pointing shall be neat white or coloured cement. 

The Contractor shall ensure that the cement render backing is at least 14 days old , firmly bonded to 

its background , free from dust, with surfaces plumb and true to 3mm in any 1800 mm . 

Fixing Tiles With Cement And Sand Mortar 

The tiles shall be immersed in water for 6 hours or until saturated then stacked tightly together to 

drain with end tiles turned glaze outwards. Tiles shall be fixed as soon as surface water has drained. 

The render coat shall be wetted sufficiently to prevent it absorbing water from the bedding coat. 

Mortar bedding shall be applied to render background to an even thickness of approximately 10 mm . 

Each tile shall be buttered evenly with mortar and tapped firmly into position so that the bed is solid 

throughout. 

Thickness of finished bed shall be not less than 6mm or more than 12 mm. 

Any necessary adjustment to tiles shall be made within ten minutes of fixing and tiles cleaned off 

after not less than two hours. 

Fixing Tiles With Adhesive 

The tiles shall be fixed in accordance with the recommendations of the adhesive manufacturer. 

Adhesive shall be applied not more than 1sq.m at a time to avoid premature drying out. 

Adhesive shall be applied as a continuous screed to a thickness of approximately 3mm on the surface 

to be tiled. 

Dry tiles shall be pressed on to the adhesive and tapped firmly into position to ensure solid bedding 

without voids . 


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Any necessary adjustment to tiles shall be made immediately after bedding . 

Tiles shall be cleaned off as soon as bedding is complete . 

Joints shall be even and not more than 2mm wide using spacer lug tiles or spacer pegs . 

Joints shall be continuous both horizontally and vertically . 

Tiles shall be fixed to a finished surface that is plumb and true to 2mm in any 2m . 

Joints shall be grouted up not less than 24 hours after fixing tiles to porous surfaces and not less than 

3 days after fixing to impervious surfaces . 

Tiles shall be grouted by pressing mix firmly into joints, working in areas of not more than 1sq.m. 

Surplus grout shall be cleaned off as the work proceeds. 

Where tiling abuts against wood or metal frames or other tiling at angles and around pipes etc., it shall 

be carefully cut and fitted to form a close neat joint. Open irregular joints filled with cement and sand 

or plaster will not be permitted. 

Tiles shall be cleaned off and polished on completion. 

External tiling shall be protected from inclement weather until grouting is completely set. 

No water is to be allowed on new tiling until bedding and grouting have completely set. 

1-9 Protection 

All floor, wall and ceiling finishes shall be protected from damage during subsequent work, and shall 

be thoroughly cleaned before handing over the works. 


1-1 Timber 

SECTION 8 

CARPENTRY AND JOINERY 

All softwood for carpentry and joinery work shall be well seasoned sound, bright, free form shakes, 

large loose or dead knots , waney edges , warp , incipient decay , stained sapwood or other defects and 

shall be to the approval of the Engineer . 

Timber for carpentry work shall be carefully sawn square and shall hold the full dimensions shown on 

the Drawings. 


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The hardwood for joinery work shall be to the approval of the Engineer, well seasoned; close grained 

and free form all defects. Hardwood for polishing or clear treatment shall be selected and kept clean. 

The Engineer shall approve any preservative treatment. 

The Contractor shall allow for all necessary cutting of timber to size and shape, for preparation of 

surfaces, for all fixings, for properly jointing and putting together including farming, gluing, doweling 

screwing and mortising, for all cutting and waste, notching, sinking, scribing, mitres, ends, short 

lengths and any other sundry items of like nature and for priming all concealed surfaces of joinery. 

Aluminium primer shall be applied to concealed surfaces of all joinery timber. 

All sizes and dimensions shown on the Drawings are finished sizes unless otherwise 

stated. 

Timber for joinery work shall be finished work to the exact sizes shown on the Drawings with pencil 

rounded exposed arrises and no joinery shall be built in until inspected and approved by the Engineer. 

The whole of hardwood joinery shall be rubbed down to a smooth surface and left clean and ready to 

receive any oiled or other finish 

Where screw fixings would show on the surface of hardwood, the heads shall be countersunk 6mm 

below timber surface and grain matched fillets not less than 6mm thick and traped and cut from 

matching timber shall be glued in and finished off flush with the face. This will apply equally to 

hardwood, which is to be painted. 

1-2 Moisture Content Of Timber 

The softwood generally shall have maximum moisture content of 12%. 

The hardwood shall have maximum moisture content of 10% and shall have been kiln 

dried. 

The whole of the timber for joinery work shall be properly stacked and protected from 

rain and ground moisture. 

1-3 Plywood 

The minimum thickness shall be 5mm. 

The Engineer shall approve plywood face veneers. 

Plywood adhesives shall be approved by the Engineer. 

The Contractor shall not be permitted to make up the required thickness by gluing together sheets of 

thinner plywood. 

1-4 Timber Face Veneers 

All timber face veneers that are exposed shall be selected to the approval of the Engineer and shall be 

hard, durable and capable of being finished easily to a smooth surface. 

They shall be free from knots, worm and beetle holes, splits , glue stains , filling or inlaying of any 

kind , or defects . 


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Timber for face veneers shall be as described in the Particular Specification or as shown on the 

Drawings. 

1-5 Fixing And Jointing 

Softwood in carpentry work shall be put together with steel nails except where described as framed 

when it shall be properly jointed and held together with glue and steel screws. Fixings shall be stout 

steel nails and screws. 

Joinery work shall be carefully put together and properly jointed in accordance with best practice, all 

joints shall be glued and screwed or doweled. Any screws appearing on face work shall have the heads 

let in and pellated unless otherwise described. Softwood fixings shall be stout steel screws . 

Where joinery is required to be put together and fixed with brass cups and screws , the cups for fixing 

hardwood joinery shall be cast brass cups with milled edges and shall be neatly let in to finish flush 

with the face of the work . 

Nail lengths shall not be more than total thickness of sections to be joined less 5mm , but otherwise 

not less than twice the thickness of the section through which nails are driven . 

Screw lengths shall be not more than total thickness of sections to be joined less 5mm , but otherwise 

not less than 1 times the thickness of the section through which screws are driven . 

Proprietary plugs shall be approved by the Engineer. 

Steel nails shall comply with BS 1202 : Part 1 . 

Wood screws shall be brass complying with Bs 1210 with slotted countersunk heads. 

Screw cups shall be brass complying with BS 1494 : Part 2 . 

Synthetic resin gap-filling adhesives shall comply with BS 1204 : Part 1 , type WBP . 

Synthetic resin close-contact adhesives shall comply with BS 1204: Part 2 , type 

WBP. 

1-6 Spacings And Additional Supports 

1-7 Doors 

Where no dimensions are specified or shown on Drawings, space battens , fillets , grounds studs etc. , 

shall be used in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacture of the sheets and/or sections 

being fixed . 

Where not shown on Drawings, additional supports shall be positioned and fixed for appliances, 

fixtures, edges of sheets etc. , in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations . 

Doors shall be as specified below or in the Particular Conditions obtained from one of the approved 

manufacturers listed and shall be capable of withstanding the particular weather conditions of the 

Middle East. 


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Door leaves with a polished finish are to be veneered as described in the Particular Conditions with 

the approved hardwood veneered plywood factory finished and supplied with protective wrappings , 

and with all necessary preparation for ironmongery carried out . 

All edges are to be lipped with hardwood and all beads and lippings are to match face veneers. 

All doors whether light cored, solid cored and/or fire resisting shall conform to BS 459 and 476 and 

4787 as appropriate with adequate blocking out for ironmongery etc. 

Door frames shall be as shown on the Drawings all in wrought hardwood treated to match doors in 

accordance with door manufacturer's recommendations and should be manufactured and finished by 

the door manufacturer where possible. 

Hardwood polished thresholds are to be provided to individual flat entrance doors. All other doors 

within flats should allow sufficient clearance for fitted carpets. The Contractor should ascertain 

requirements for clearance in all other positions from the Engineer. 

1-8 Windows 

Windows and fanlight sashes shall be framed to the size shown on the Drawings. Sashes hung folding 

shall have meeting beads screwed on. Glazing bars if required shall be of twice rebated section. 

Aluminium windows (Best quality) will be used. The Engineer must approve colour and type of 

section. 

1-9 Flyscreens 

Fly screens to doors shall be framed and braced with rails styles and braces and filled in with 

aluminium mesh, 18x16 meshes per inch. 

1-10 Frames 

Frames to doors, windows and fly screens shall be provided and built in to the sizes shown on the 

Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. 

Frames shall be securely tied to walls by means of steel or similar metal cramps, galvanised or dipped 

in bitumen and provided as follows: 

(a) Door frames: three cramps to each side. 

(b) Window frames: two or more cramps to each side according to size. 

(c) Any other way approved by the Engineer (e .g. foam bond) 

Doors, windows, etc. shall be carefully and accurately fitted to the frames to give a uniform clearance 

of not more than 3mm all round. 

1-11 Architraves, Door Stops etc. 

Architraves, doorstops etc. shall be as shown on the Drawings and all properly mitred at intersections 

as approved by the Engineer. 

Glazing beads where required shall be wrought splayed and rounded and shall be neatly mitred and 

fixed with small brads or lost-head nails. 


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1-12 Fittings 

1-13 Finish 

In connection with fittings such as wardrobes, cupboards, counters etc., the doors, frames, drawers, 

rails and framing etc. shall be properly and accurately framed together. 

Before starting repetitive fabrication of any component, prototypes shall be prepared and approved. 

Unless components are specified to be built in , these shall not be made until all site dimensions have 

been checked . 

Matching clearance holes shall be provided for all sizes of screw and matching pilot holes for screws 

of 6 gauge or more for screwing softwood . 

Clearance and pilot holes to match screw sizes shall be provided for screwing 

hardwood. 

Pilot holes shall be provided slightly less than half the diameter of the screw for screwing particle 

board. 

All nail heads which will be visible in completed work shall be punched below timber surface . 

All joinery which is to be polished, varnished or painted shall be finished smooth and clean by 

rubbing down with fine sandpaper. 

1-14 Protection 

All joinery shall be protected from damage during the course of the Works and on completion shall be 

to the Engineer's entire satisfaction. Before handing over the Contractor shall ensure that all doors, 

drawers , etc. , work easily and shall make all necessary adjustments including those needed during the 

maintenance period. 


SECTION 9 

IRONMONGERY 

1-1 Description 

The Contractor shall provide and fix the ironmongery required by the Particular Specifications or 

shown on the Drawings complete, including all necessary screws, bolts , plugs and other fixings . The 

use of nails for fixing ironmongery shall not be permitted. The Contractor shall hand over all in a 

finished state and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 

All ironmongery shall be of first quality and shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer. Butt 

hinges are to be aluminium alloy with silver anodised finish with double stainless steel washers , or as 

approved by the Engineer . 


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1-2 Finish 

The Contractor shall be required to submit for approval samples of all items of ironmongery he 

proposes to use. 

All doors shall be provided with an approved doorstop plugged and screwed to the floor and all 

opening areas of aluminium work shall be provided with appropriate friction stays. The size, materials, 

finishes; type and quality of ironmongery shall be as described in the Particular Specification or as 

shown on the Drawings. 

The finish of the various items of ironmongery shall be as described in the Particular Specification or 

as shown on the Drawings or as required and directed by the Engineer. 

1-3 Fitting And Testing 

All screws used for fixing ironmongery shall be of a suitable type , material , finish , size and shape to 

the satisfaction of the Engineer . 

The hinges on which doors, windows, flyscreen doors etc. , are hung shall be carefully housed or let 

into the door , window, flyscreen door etc. , and to the frames . 

All fittings shall be removed before commencing any painting operations and shall be refixed in place 

after all painting works are completed and approved by the Engineer. 

All ironmongery shall be carefully wrapped and protected until completion of the work and any items 

or parts which are damaged or defaced or found to be defective shall be replaced at the Contractor's 

expense before handing over . 

On completion of all locks, catches and similar items of ironmongery they shall be clearly labelled, 

with metal tags approximately 50x20mm and securely fixed to the keys and handed to the Engineer . 

Door closers shall be fitted a maximum of two weeks before handover. 

All floor and door springs are to be fully charged with oil and their operation checked to the 

satisfaction of the Engineer. 

1-4 Standard Ironmongery For Internal Doors 

Ironmongery is to be hard satin anodised aluminium alloy of best quality with matching screws fully 

matching and integrated. Where a supplier cannot offer the particular required ironmongery the 

Contractor shall produce samples of other suppliers' items most nearly matching the general 

ironmongery and /or produce alternative ironmongery by the main supplier most closely conforming 

with the Specification for the approval of the Engineer. 

All locks are to be provided with 2 keys on a key ring neatly labelled to indicate clearly the 

corresponding lock . 

Any requirements for ' Master key ' locking systems will be stated in the Particular Conditions and /or 

on the Drawings . 

All knob sets shall include the appropriate mortice latch or lock with a 70 mm backset and with 

standard faceplates and roses unless otherwise noted . 


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SECTION 10 

METAL WORKS 

1-1 Cleanliness 

All materials shall be free form scale, damage or defects . All welding, brazing or hot forging shall be 

carried out by approved processes. 

All metalwork shall be approved by the Engineer before starting painting works . 

1-2 Aluminium Windows And Doors 

Extruded aluminium sections should be used as approved by the Engineer. 

All visible surfaces of the sections shall be brilliantly polished prior to anodising. The colour of 

anodising shall be as described in the Drawings and /or Particular Specification. Samples of colour 

shall be submitted for the Engineer's approval before work commences. 


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The sections shall be anodised to a minimum thickness of 25 microns . The supplier must submit 

necessary evidence to the satisfaction of the Engineer that the thickness of anodisation is not less than 

25 microns . In case of doubt the Engineer reserves the right to send sample pieces to independent 

testing laboratories, at the supplier's expense . If the testing laboratory report states that the thickness 

or quality of the anodisation is deficient , the Employer may ask the supplier to treat the order as 

cancelled and the supplier in such a case shall indemnify the Employer of any / all losses incurred by 

the supplier . 

All farmes shall be made to fit the actual openings with a 5mm clearance all round . Discrepancies in 

overall width or height exceeding 5mm will not be allowed and the frames will be rejected in such 

cases . All small discrepancies shall have the gaps suitably backed and then filled with gun- applied 

mastic / sealant as approved by the Engineer. 

At all opening windows and doors and where there are louvred screens and doors a flyscreen shall be 

provided to the approval of the Engineer , constructed following the principles and specifications as 

described elsewhere in this Specification . 

Insect screens shall be in aluminium mesh, 18x16 meshes per inch. The gap between the insect screen 

and the shutter shall be covered with an adaptor PVC section . 

For reference to window types see general arrangement drawings and elevations. 

Tolerances are to be approved by the Engineer before manufacture. 

All ironmongery which is to have the same finish as the frames it is to be installed on shall be 

approved by the Engineer . 

The Contractor shall provide shop drawings for aluminium windows and doors which shall be 

submitted in quadruplicate to the Engineer for approval . 

Approval by the Engineer of the shop drawings shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities 

under the Contract . 

All assembly screws shall be in 18-8 stainless steel . 

Glazing sections shall be in special heat-resisting PVC and of channel type. Separate glazing sections 

on each side of the glass will not be permitted. 

1-3 Sliding Windows And Doors 

Weather stripping - high density acrilan or wool weather - pile shall be used . There shall be double 

brushes at every contact between shutter and frame sections for complete insulation .These shall be 

present consistently throughout the unit between the inside and the outside and no portions without it 

are permitted . 

The rollers for sliding shutters for windows and doors shall be of an adjustable type . The adjusting 

screws shall be accessible in the assembled state of the shutters and a vertical adjustment of 7mm shall 

be possible. 

All sections for sliding windows and doors shall be of tubular shape and the cross sectional 

dimensions of same shall be not less than 60x 40 mm . 

The outer frame must be suitable for accommodating sliding flyscreens as required or as directed by 

the Engineer . 


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The handle-latch set shall have all visible surfaces of anodised aluminium or similar non-rusting 

material to approval . The handle shall have a proper grip . A small projecting flange or a recess in the 

shutter sections shall not be accepted to serve as a handle . The latching mechanism shall not be 

surface mounted but shall be concealed within the sections . 

1-4 Side Hung Windows, Doors And Ventilators 

All windows and doors shall be weatherstripped with heat resistant PVC sections . The weather 

fighting action shall be achieved by a positive compressive action against the PVC section and shall 

not depend on an external contact with the PVC section. At every contact between two profiles two 

weatherstipping sections shall be provided for complete weather protection . 

The bottom sections of hinged doors shall be capable of being adjusted vertically if necessary. The 

gap between the bottom section and the floor shall be covered with a pair of special flay-type PVC 

sections. 

The shutter sections for windows and doors shall be of tubular type and shall be of overall size 

57x45mm for windows and overall size 81x45mm for doors (including flanges ) . 

The shutters of the windows and doors shall be assembled with concealed corners of high rigidity. 

Hinges shall be concealed within the sections . 

Hinges shall be in anodised aluminium with stainless steel pins and nylon washers . Handles shall be 

in anodised aluminium and mounted with self - lubricating nylon washers . 

A mortice cylinder rim automatic deadlock of high quality with double pin tumbler shall be used . 

Windows shall have anodised aluminium handles and a latching mechanism securing the shutter to the 

frame both at the top and bottom. 

The glazing vinyl shall be in heat resisting PVC and of channel type to the approval of the Engineer. 

1-5 Flyscreens 

1-6 Fence 

1-7 Gates 

Flyscreens shall be fitted to all opening leaves of windows, consisting of a separate metal sub-farme 

filled in with flywire as previously described. The flyscreens shall be adequately secured with suitable 

clips, set screws or turn buckles and shall be removable for maintenace purposes . Flyscreen doors 

shall consist of similar sections to the metal casement doors and shall be fitted with removable panels 

of flywire , in a manner similar to that described for window flyscreens . Flyscreen doors shall be 

mounted where indicated on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. 

The works under this item comprises furnishing and erection of chain link fence wherever required 

according to the dimensions and at locations shown on the drawings and as directed by the Engineer, 

including fence gates and concrete for footings. “New fence” shall only be erected at the location 

directed by the Engineer. 

Mesh for Fence shall be hot dip galvanized steel 3mm gauge mesh 50x50mm and be conform the 

relevant British Standard (BS). 


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Gates shall be swing-type to the dimensions shown on the drawings. The gate leaf shall be equipped 

with one pair of malleable iron hinges not less than 75mm in width that will provide full gate opening 

between gate posts. The hinges shall be designed to neither twist nor tern under gate action. 

Gate locks shall be the slide latch type and shall be of the locable type. 


SECTION 11 

PAINTING AND DECORATING 

1-1 General 

Every possible precaution shall be taken to keep down dust before and during painting processes. No 

paint shall be applied to surfaces structurally or superficially damp and all surfaces must be 

ascertained to be free from condensation, efflorescence etc. before the application of each coat . 

Primed or undercoated woodwork and metalwork should not be left in an exposed or unsuitable 

situation for an undue period before completing the painting process. No exterior or exposed painting 

shall be carried out under adverse weather conditions, such as rain, extreme humidity, dust storms etc. 

Metal fittings such as ironmongery etc. not required to be painted shall first be fitted and then removed 

before the preparatory processes are commenced. When all painting is completed the fittings shall be 

cleaned and refixed in position. 

The contractor will be required to repaint at his own expense any work on which the paint is found to 

be incorrectly applied. The contractor shall be responsible for protecting from damage the paint work 

and all other work during and after painting operations including the provision of all necessary dust 

sheets, covers etc. 

Brushes, pails, bottles etc., used in carrying out the work shall be clean and free from foreign matter. 

They shall be thoroughly cleaned before being used for different types or classes of material. 


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The number of coats stated in this specification is the minimum, and the Contractor must apply 

sufficient coats to achieve a proper even finish to the approval of the Engineer. 

1-2 Materials 

The decorating materials shall be obtained from approved manufacturers and shall be supplied in the 

manufacturers' sealed and branded containers. 

All materials must be thoroughly stirred before use, unless not recommended by the manufacturer. 

Details of mixing and application shall be in accordance with the specifications of the manufacturers 

concerned and to the approval of the Engineer. 

The mixing of paints etc. of different brands before or during application will not be permitted. No 

dilution of painting materials shall be allowed except strictly as detailed by the manufacturers and as 

approved by the Engineer. 

Mordant solution shall be of approved manufacture . 

Rust inhibitors shall be of approved manufacture . 

Stopping for woodwork to receive clear finish shall be tinted to match surrounding woodwork , to the 

approval of the Engineer . 

Stopping for internal woodwork , plywood , hardboard , and fiberboard , shall be linseed oil putty , 

tinted to match the colour of the undercoat . 

Stopping for external woodwork shall be white lead paste and gold size well mixed . 

Thinners shall be approved turpentine or white spirit . 

Priming paints shall be : 

(a) For woodwork : Leadless grey priming paint in accordance with the recommendations of the 

decorative coating manufacturer . 

(b) For steelwork : red oxide priming paint . 

(c) For galvanised, zinc or aluminium alloy surfaces: grey zinc chromate 

priming paint . 

(d) For plaster, concrete and brickwork, ceiling boards etc.: alkali-resisting 

priming paint in accordance with the recommendations of the decorative 

coating manufacturer 

Knotting shall be in accordance with BS 1336 . 

Undercoating shall be: 

(a) Zinc oxide based undercoating paint; 

(b) White lead based undercoating paint . Colours shall approximate to the finishing paint . 

(c) Synthetic alkyd based undercoating in accordance with the recommendations of the decorative 

coating manufacturer. 

Finishing paints shall be : 

(a) Zinc oxide based oil paint : 

(b) White lead based oil gloss finishing paint . 

(c) Synthetic alkyd based finishing paint as approved by the Engineer . 


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Petrifying liquid shall be used undiluted as supplied by the manufacturer A small quantity of water 

paint of the finishing colour may be mixed with the petrifying liquid . 

Water paint shall be an approved brand of washable oil-bound water paint . Thinning shall be done 

with petrifying liquid or fresh water only . 

Emulsion paint shall be of the Polyviny1 Acetate (PVA)type obtained from an approved manufacturer 

. The precise specification shall comply with the manufacturer's normal practice. In all cases thinning 

shall be done with thinners supplied by the manufacturer or fresh water only . 

Stain for woodwork shall be an approved brand of oil stain . 

Polyurethane lacquer for woodwork shall be of an approved manufacture. 

Preparation Process 

1-3 Internal Plaster, Fair Faced Concrete And Block work 

Surfaces shall be allowed to dry out completely and cracks shall be cut out and made good with 

suitable hard plaster or cement and sand mix as appropriate, such repaired portions shall be allowed to 

dry out . No painting shall be carried out on plastering less than five weeks old . 

Efflorescence shall be completely removed by rubbing down with dry coarse cloths followed by 

wiping down with damp cloths and allowed to dry. All surfaces shall be rubbed down with fine glass 

paper and brushed free of dust before applying any form of decoration. 

Surfaces which are to receive water paint shall be treated with one coat of petrifying liquid applied by 

brush nd allowed to dry for at least 24 hours before the application of water paint . A period of 24 

hours , or longer if necessary , shall be allowed between subsequent coats . 

Fair faced concrete and/or cement and sand plastered surfaces which are to receive oil paint shall be 

given one thin coat of oil putty and allowed to dry for at least two days . 

The surfaces shall then be rubbed down with fine glass paper and given a second thin coat of oil putty 

and when completely set The surfaces shall then be rubbed down with fine glass paper and given a 

second thin coat of oil putty and when completely set 

All surfaces which are to receive oil paint shall be treated with one coat of alkali resisting priming 

paint applied by brush and allowed to completely harden. 

1-4 Fibre Boards etc. 

SOFT BOARDS: where used externally or under humid conditions will receive one coat of priming 

paint and one coat of undercoat on back , face and edges . 

SOFT BOARDS: where used internally will receive one coat of priming paint and one coat of 

emulsion paint on back , face and edges . 

HARD BOARD : composite panels will be treated in the same way as soft boards under humid 

conditions . 

ACOUSTIC BOARDS : will be treated on the face in the same way as plaster , but the paint may be 

applied by spray ; the backs and edges should not be treated . 


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ASBESTOS : if surfaces are to receive oil paint later one coat of priming paint should be applied . If 

surfaces are to receive water paint or emulsion paint no priming paint will be necessary . 

1-5 Steelwork Including Windows , Louvers etc. Internally And Externally 

If delivered galvanised, the surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt before priming. Where 

rusting has occurred through damage to the galvanizing, such rust shall be removed by wire brushing 

back to clean metal and the galvanizing made good with a rust inhibiting agent . 

The surface shall then be treated with one coat of mordant solution and one coat of zinc chromate 

priming paint. 

If delivered primed , the surfaces shall be examined to ascertain that the priming paint is hard , firmly 

adhering and in good condition . If not satisfactory , the priming paint shall be removed and the 

surfaces cleaned to remove rust, and reprimed . If the condition of the priming paint is satisfactory, the 

surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt , minor damage to the priming paint being made 

good with red oxide priming paint after removal of rust . 

If delivered unprimed and not galvanised , the surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt , 

and wire brushed and scraped to remove all rust and scale before applying a red oxide priming paint . 

Priming paint shall be brushed well into the surface and shall be allowed to dry and harden thoroughly 

before the application of subsequent coats . 

Items of steelwork such as frames to roller shutters , covers to expansion joints etc., which are to be 

built into walls , shall first be primed . 

1-6 Exposed Service Pipes 

Copper and brass pipework shall have the surfaces slightly abraded with glass paper and white spirit 

or similar solvent and wiped clean . No priming paint will be necessary, the surfaces being finished in 

two coats of gloss paint. 

Steel pipes will be treated as for steelwork with the exception that galvanised pipes are to be treated 

with a zinc-chromate priming paint. 

Coated soil pipes shall be wiped clean and treated with two coats of knotting followed by priming 

paint as described below. 

1-7 Woodwork Required To Be Painted 

Surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt . The surface of teak shall be cleaned with white 

spirit to remove free oil. The preparation process shall then be : 

(a) KNOT : all knots shall be treated with shellac knotting 

(b)PRIME : one coat of primer shall be thoroughly applied by brush to all surfaces and when dry a 

further coat to be applied to end-grain surfaces . 

(c) STOP : when priming paint is hard , all cracks , holes , open joints etc. shall be made good with 

hard stopping and all open grain surfaces filled smooth with linseed oil putty or an approved filler and 

rubbed down with fine glass paper . 

No joinery shall be primed until it has been approved by the Engineer Priming shall be carried out on 

the site and not in the factory . 


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Items of carpentry work which are to be built into walls etc. shall be first treated by twice coating with 

creosote or other approved preservative. 

1-8 Woodowrk Required To Be Stained 

Surfaces shall be cleaned to remove grease and dirt. The wood shall then be stopped, filled and 

rubbed down . In the case of teak free oil shall be removed by cleaning with white spirit . 

Finishing Processes 

1-9 Internal Plaster 

Where emulsion paint is specified three coats shall be applied by brush in addition to any priming 

paint . 

Where water paint is specified two coats shall be applied by brush in addition to the Petrifying liquid . 

The water paint shall be thinned to the consistency of thick cream . 

Where oil paint is specified this shall be two or three coat work as detailed in the particular 

Specification, applied by roller or brush, but not by spray , to produce hard gloss , oil gloss , eggshell 

or flat finish as required . 

The finishing coat of paint to walls and ceilings shall be applied after the completion and testing of the 

electrical installation. Any paint splashes on electrical fittings shall be carefully cleaned off . 

1-10 Fibre Boards etc. 

Both acoustic and plain soft or hard boards will be treated as for plaster, but the paint may be applied 

by spray . 

Water paint or emulsion paint shall be applied by brush to the specification of the manufacturers. 

Where a board is likely to be exposed to extreme humidity, i.e kitchen and external corridors and 

covered ways , an oil paint shall be used on the face after fixing . 

1-11 Unplastered Blockwork Or Concrete 

As for internal plastered surfaces. 

Externally a cement type paint may be used, and shall be applied keeping a constantly wet edge , in 

strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions . 

1-12 Steelwork And Exposed Service Pipes 

Internally, apply one coat gloss paint over two undercoats . 

Non-ferrous pipes shall be finished in two coats of gloss paint . 

Externally, apply two coats gloss paint over one undercoat . 

1-13 Woodwork Required To Be Painted 

As for steelwork. 


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1-14 Woodwork Required To Be Stained And Polyurethane 

The woodwork, internally and externally , shall be stained as directed on site, rubbed down , brushed 

off , and treated with two coats of polyurethane . 

1-15 Protection Of Factory Finished Work 

The contractor is to allow for protecting all factory finished doors, frames windows, suspended 

ceilings and the like at all times to ensure that factory finishes are not damaged and must make good 

or replace a defective component at his own expense. 

1-1 GENERAL 


SECTION 12 

ASPHALT WORKS 

The Contractor shall construct the area to be paved in accordance with the applicable specifications 

stipulated herein after, in conformity with the alignment, dimensions, and typical sections shown on 

the Drawings, or as directed by the Engineer. 

1-2 TYPE OF WORK 

For the purpose of these specifications, the following type of asphalt works is designated : 

- Preparing and levelling of existing base - course . 

- Compacting of existing base - course . 

- Prime coat . 

- Single asphalt surface layer . 

1-3 BASE - COURSE 

General 

The Contractor shall provide only an aggregate material for the base-course consisting of hard, 

durable, crushed limestone or crushed wadi gravel, provided that the crushed aggregates retained on 

sieve No. 4 shall have 80% by weight of at least two fractured faces, which have to be crushed by 

approved crushing plant and shall be free from any organic matter or any other deleterious substances 

and also free from clay balls. 

Base - course aggregate shall conform to the following gradation: 

Sieve Size Percent Passing 

11/2 inch (38.10 mm) 100 

1 inch (25.40 mm) 75-100 

3/4 inch (19.10 mm) 60-90 

1/2 inch (12.70 mm) 45-80 

3/8 inch (09.52 mm) 40-70 

No.4 (04.76 mm) 35-65 

No.10 (02.00 mm) 20-40 


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No.40 (00.42 mm) 8-20 

No.200 (00.075 mm) 5-10 

The fraction passing No. 200 sieve shall not be greater than 70% of the fraction passing No. 40 sieve. 

Base - course aggregates shall confirm to the requirements of the following standard tests :- 

Los Angeles Abrasion (AASHTO -T- 96) 35 max . 

Liquid Limit (AASHTO -T- 89) 25 max . 

Plasticity Index (AASHTO -T- 90) 2 min . 6 max . 

Flaky & Elongated Particles (B.S.812) 15% max. each . 

The base-course shall be compacted to not less than 100% of the density obtained at optimum moisture 

content as determined by ASTM-DT 99C. 

The following test shall also be performed: 

a) Gradation tests shall be performed on samples of base - course taken after mixing with water and 

spreading before compaction and shall have a maximum % passing sieve No. 200 of 10% . 

b) Gradation tests shall be performed on samples of base - course taken after compaction and the 

maximum material-passing sieve No. 200 shall not exceed 10%. 

The thickness of the compacted layer shall be measured and recorded when performing filed density 

tests and sieve tests on samples taken from compacted layers in place . 

Construction 

Aggregate for base-course shall be delivered to the area to be paved as a uniform mixture and shall 

spread in layers . 

Segregation shall be avoided and the base-course shall be free from pockets of coarse or fine materials. 

A grader shall spread the base-course or any other mechanical method, approved by the Engineer, 

watered, shaped and compacted to the required grade and cross section. 

The finished surface of the base-course shall not vary at any point by more than 1 cm below the grade 

established by the Engineer, and the total thickness of the base-course shall not vary by more +0.50 cm 

. In addition to level checking, longitudinally the surface shall be checked with a straight edge (4m 

long), where irregularities in this direction shall not vary by more than 1cm. 

A minimum of (4) levels of the base at the total longitudinal side shall be taken and if (2) or more of 

these levels exceed the tolerance given the Contractor shall re-grade the entire length of the area. If one 

of these levels exceeds the tolerance then the Contractor shall make good this point. 

The aggregate base shall be compacted to not less than 100% of the maximum density determined in 

accordance with the latest modified AASHTO T-191,T-205 or T-205 and T-239. 

The base-course shall be maintained in a condition satisfactory to receive surfacing material. 

Aggregate base-course, which does not conform to the above requirements, shall be reshaped or 

reworked, watered and thoroughly re-compacted to conform to the specified requirements at the 

Contractors own expense. 

Method of Measurement 

Base-course shall be measured in cubic meter or square meter in place, acceptably laid and compacted 

according to the dimensions shown on the Drawings. 

Method of Payment 


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Payment shall be made at the Contract unit rate for "compacted aggregate base-course" per cu.m. This 

price shall constitute full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials including watering, 

compacting, shaping and all labour, equipment, tools, supplies, tests, and incidentals necessary to 

complete the work . 

1-4 PRIMECOAT 

General 

Liquid asphalt for prime coat shall be medium curing grade MC70, in conformance with AASHTO 

standard M82, or emulsion type SS1, SS2 or equivalent according to the manufacturer instructions and 

lab tests results. 

The surface to be treated shall be smooth, compact and tight. It shall be true to grade , and crosssection 

where dust shall be removed by brooming . 

Equipment 

The equipment used by the Contractor shall include a power broom or a power blower or both; a self - 

propelled , pneumatic roller, or steel-wheeled tandem (5 to tons ) or both; mechanical or self-propelled 

aggregate spreading equipment that can be adjusted to spread accurately the specified amounts per 

square meter, a pressure distributor and equipment for heating the asphalt material. Pneumatic - tired 

rollers shall have a total compacting width of not less than 120 cm and shall have minimum contact 

pressures of 2.8 kg/cm2 or as specified by the Engineer. Other equipment are to be used in addition to, 

or in lieu of the specified equipment when approved by the Engineer . 

The pressure distributor shall be designed and operated to distribute the asphalt material in a uniform 

spay with atomisation, in the amount and between the limits of temperature specified. It shall be 

equipped with a tachometer having a dial registering feet or meters of travel per minute . The dial shall 

be visible to the truck driver so he can maintain the constant speed required for application at the 

specified rate . The pump shall be equipped with a bitumetre having a dial registering litres, or gallons 

per minute passing through the nozzles. The dial shall be readily visible to the operator . 

Means for indicating accurately the temperature of the asphalt material at all times shall be provided . 

The thermometer reservoir shall not be in contact with a heating tube . 

The spray bar shall be adjustable to a reasonable width. A hose and spray nozzle attachment shall be 

provided for applying asphalt material to paths and areas inaccessible to the spray bar . 

The distributor shall be provided with heating attachments and the asphalt material shall be circulated 

during the entire heating process . 

Application of Primecoat 

The Engineer will select the rate of application for the asphalt primer to be used . The Contractor shall 

keep a record of the application rates selected . Tentatively an application rate of 1.0-1.5 Kg/m2 of MC 

70 shall be used . 

Application of the asphalt prime shall be made uniformly at this rate with the pressure distributor. The 

asphalt prime shall be applied at the temperature specified by the Engineer . When heating is required, 

precautions shall be taken to avoid fire hazard . 

Application shall be made when the surface is dry or slightly damp and , unless otherwise permitted by 

the Engineer, when the air temperature in the shade is not less than 10C. After application of the 

asphalt prime , at least forty - eight (48) hours shall elapse before further applications are made . 


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Before beginning application , building paper shall be spread over the surface , from the joint back, for 

a sufficient distance for the spray bar to begin spraying and be operating at full force when the surface 

to be treated is reached. After the asphalt is applied the building paper shall be removed and destroyed 

. 

The spray bar shall be shut off instantaneously at each construction joint to assure a straight line and 

the full application of asphalt prime up to the joint . If necessary to prevent dripping, a drip pan shall 

be inserted under the nozzle when application is stopped . A hand spray shall be used to apply primer 

material necessary to touch up all spots unavoidably missed by the distributor. 

Following the application, the primed surface shall be allowed to dry for a period of not less than 48 

hours without being disturbed or for such an additional period of time as may be necessary to permit 

the drying out of the prime until it will not be picked up. 

The surface shall then be maintained by the Contractor until the surfacing has been placed and no 

traffic (other than that necessary for the Contractor) shall be allowed on the primed surface before 

placing of the surface treatment. 


The quantities to be paid for shall be the total quantity in sq.m. of the primed surface area, actually 

applied, and shall be based on the approved records of the application rates as selected by the Engineer 

. 

Method of Payment 

Payment shall be based on the Contract unit rate for "Prime Coat" per sq.m. 

1-5 HOT MIX ASPHALT SURFACING 

Scope 

Furnishing and mixing non plastic aggregate crushed limestone and asphalt binder at a central mixing 

plant, spreading and single layer surface course . 

Construction shall be in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with lines, grades and 

thickness as shown on drawings or established by the Engineer . 

Composition of Mixes of Mixes 

The paving mix shall be Composed of specified aggregates and asphalt cement within the limits of the 

following table : 

Standard Sieve Size Percent Passing Surface Course 

1 inch (25.40 mm) 100 

3/4 inch (19.10 mm) 90-100 

3/8 inch (90.52 mm) 56-80 

No.4 (04.76 mm) 35-65 

No.8 (02.00 mm) 23-49 

No.50 (00.42 mm) 5-19 

No.200 (00.075 mm) 2-8 

Asphalt to be added by weight of total weight according to design . 


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The aggregate shall have a percentage of wear of not more than 35% in 500 revolutions as determined 

by AASHTO T96. The sand equivalent shall be 50 minimum according to AASHTO T-176. 

Aggregate shall in all respects comply with the relevant standards. Aggregate limestone to be used be 

fresh mechanically crushed coarse aggregate . Materials on sieve No.4 shall have 90% by weight of at 

least two fractured faces . 

Filler Material 

When the combined grading of the coarse and fine aggregate is deficient in material passing No. 200 

sieve , a filler conforming to the requirements specified hereafter shall be added . 

Mineral filler shall comply in all respects with AASHTO Standard Specification M17. 

The amount of commercial filler to be added shall be only that amount necessary to make the 

combined grading of the material comply with the grading requirements for the complete mixture. 

In no case shall the amount of commercial filler added exceed three percent (3%) , sample obtained 

form hot bins , by weight of the combined aggregate , The material passing No. 200 sieve may consist 

of fine particles of the aggregates or mineral filler, or both .It shall free from organic matter and clay 

particles . 

Job Mix Formula 

The Contractor shall submit for the Engineer's approval a job mix formula within the limits of these 

specifications. 

The maximum permissible variation from the job mix formula within the specification limits, shall be 

as follows : 

Standard Sieve Size Permissible Variation Percent by Weight of Total Mix 

3/8 inch and larger + 5.00 

No. 4 to No. 80 + 4.00 

No. 200 + 1.00 

Asphalt + 0.30 

Mix Test Criteria 

Test requirements and criteria for the paving mixes prepared these specifications shall be as follows : 

Surfacing 

No. of compactive blows 

each end specimen 75 

Minimum Stability (Kg) 900 

Flow (1/100") 2-4 

Percent air voids 3-5 

V.M.A. using bulk S/Gr. 

(Tolerance - 1%) 

min.14% 

V.F.B. 60-75 % 


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Loss of stability 

(soaking 24 hours compared 

with 30 min. at 60OC for 

all specimens in water bath). 

Plasticity Index for material 

passing sieve No.40(from hot bins) 

Stripping Test(ASTM D1664) 

max.25 

non plastic 

uncoated 

aggregate 

Laboratory test specimens of paving mixes, combined in the proportions of the job mix formula, shall 

be prepared and tested in accordance with the procedures of the Marshall method of mix design as 

detailed in the 'Asphalt Institute Manual - MS2' and ASTM method of Test D 1559. 

General Equipment Requirements 

All equipment furnished by the Contractor shall meet the requirements of this section and shall be 

maintained in its best mechanical condition. Equipment shall be serviced and lubricated away form the 

paving site; units drip fuel, oil, or grease shall be removed from the site until such leakage is corrected. 

Elements for All Plants 

Uniformity 

The plants shall be designed, co-ordinated and operated to produce a uniform mix within the specified 

job mix tolerances . 

Job Mix Formula 

The Engineer will make frequent gradation analyses of the hot aggregates and of the completed mix to 

be certain that the materials being used and produced are within the tolerances of the job mix formula 

and the specifications of the mix number being used 

If the mix is found to be outside the job mix formula tolerances or outside of the specification limits, 

correction shall be made in quantities measured from the hot bins and adjustments made the cold bin 

feeders and the Contractor shall submit a new mix design . 

Sampling and Testing 

Stockpiles and bins will be sampled for gradation analyses and examined for dust coating and for other 

purposes, in compliance with stated requirements . Gradation analyses of each hot bin will be 

performed and a combined analysis conducted at least twice a day once in the forenoon, and once in 

the afternoon . If materials do not run uniform, more frequent tests will be made. 

When requested by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide representative samples by taking 

aggregate from each bin through the mixing chamber (without asphalt) into a truck or other receptacle. 

At least one sample shall be taken from each truck of the hot mix being delivered to the site. Samples 

will be used to determine compliance with general and special requirements set forth in these 


Construction Method 

Weather Limitations 


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When the moisture of the aggregate in the stockpile or from the dryer in the plant interferes with the 

quality of mix production, or with normal plant operations, or when pools of water are observed on the 

base, then mixing and placing of hot-mix asphalt will not be permitted. 

The temperature of the surface on which the hot-mix asphalt is placed shall not be less than 5oC When 

the surface temperature on which the material is to be placed falls below 10oC, precautions shall be 

taken to compact the mix before it cools too much, to obtain the required density. 

All truckloads shall be delivered continuously and immediately spread and compacted. In cold weather 

and for shall be delivered at a temperature within 8oC of that temperature specified by the Engineers 

Representative. 

Preparation of Area 

The area to be paved shall be true to line and grade, and have a dry and properly prepared surface prior 

to the start of paving operations. It shall be free from all loose screenings, and other loose or foreign 

material. 

The surface shall be primed as specified. The surface of structures in actual contact with asphalt mixes 

shall be painted with a thin, complete coating of asphalt material to provide a closely bonded water - 

tight joint . 

Proportioning and Mixing 

To aid in determining the proper temperature of the completed batch, current viscosity data shall be 

available at the plant at all times. 

With information relative to the viscosity of the particular asphalt being used, the temperature of the 

completed mix at the plant and at the paver shall be designated by the Engineer's Representative after 

discussing with the Contractor the hauling and placing conditions. 

The asphalt shall be heated so that it can be distributed uniformly throughout the batch. For mixing 

applications, the specified temperature will generally be such that the asphalt viscosity is within the 

range of 150-300 centistokes (75-150 seconds, Saybold Fuyol). The material shall be sufficiently fluid 

to produce a complete coating on every particle of aggregate within the specified mixing time. The 

temperature of the aggregates and asphalt immediately prior to mixing shall be approximately that of 

the completed batch. 

When the mix is produced in a batch type plant the aggregate shall be weighed accurately in the 

designated proportions to provide the specified batch weight. The temperature of the aggregate at the 

time of introduction into the mixer shall be as directed by the Engineer's Representative with a 

tolerance of + 8OC. 

In no case, however, shall temperature of the mixture exceed 165OC . 

Transportation of Mix 

The mix shall be transported to the job site in vehicles and painted, or sprayed, with a limewater, soap 

or detergent solution , at least once a day or as often as required . 

After this operation the truck bed shall elevated and thoroughly drained ; no excess solution shall be 

permitted. The dispatching of the vehicles shall be so scheduled that all material . 


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Delivery of material to the paver shall be at a uniform rate and in an amount well within the capacity 

of the paving and compacting equipment . 

Spreading and Finishing 

Spreading and finishing shall be conducted in the following manner : 

Mechanical Paver 

The binder and surface courses shall be spread and struck-off with a mechanical paving machine 

connected with an automatic sensor . The paving machine connected with an automatic sensor. The 

paving machine shall be operated so that material dose not accumulate and remain along the sides of 

the receiving hopper . 

Equipment which leaves tracks or indented areas which cannot be corrected in normal operation, or 

which produces flushing or other permanent blemishes or fails to produce a satisfactory surface shall 

not be used . 

Lines for the paver to follow will be established by the Engineer's Representative parallel to the 

centreline of the proposed roadway. The paver shall be positioned and operated to follow closely the 

established lines . 

In backing trucks against the paver , care shall be taken not to jar it out of its proper alignment . 

As soon as the first load of material has been spread, the texture of the unrolled surface shall be 

checked to determine its uniformity. 

Segregation of materials shall not be permitted If suspended until the cause is determined and 

corrected. 

Transverse joints in succeeding courses shall be offset at least 60 cm . 

Any irregularities in alignment left by the paver shall be corrected by trimming directly behind the 

machine. Immediately after trimming, the edges of the course shall be thoroughly compacted by 

tamping . Distortion of the pavement during this operation shall be avoided . 

Edges against which additional pavement is to be placed shall be straight and immediately vertical . A 

lute or covered rake shall be used immediately behind the paver when required to obtain a true line and 

vertical edge. Any irregularities in the surface of the pavement course shall be corrected directly 

behind the paver . Excess material forming high spots shall be removed by a shovel or lute . Indented 

areas shall be filled with hot mix and smoothed with the back of a shovel being pulled over the surface 

. 

Fanning of material over such areas shall not be permitted . 

Hand Spreading 

In small areas where the use of mechanical finishing equipment is not practical , the mix may be spread 

and finished by hand, if so authorised by the Engineer's Representative . Wood or steel form, approved 

by the Engineer's Representative, rigidly supported to assure correct grade and cross-section, may be 

used. In such instances, measuring blocks and intermediate strips shall be used to aid in obtaining the 

required cross-section. Placing by hand shall be performed carefully, the material shall be distributed 

uniformly to avoid segregation of the coarse and fine aggregate 


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Broadcasting of material shall not be permitted. During the spreading operation, all materials shall be 

thoroughly loosened and uniformly distributed by lutes or covered rakes. Material that has formed into 

lumps and dose not break down readily shall be rejected. 

Following placing and before rolling, the surface shall be checked with templates and straight edges 

and all irregularities shall be corrected . 

Heating equipment used for keeping hand tools free from asphalt shall be provided. Caution shall be 

exercised to prevent high heating temperatures which may burn the material. The temperature of the 

tools when used shall not be greater than the temperature of the mix being placed . Heat only shall be 

employed to clean hand tools; petroleum oils or solvents shall not be permitted . 

Compaction General 

General 

Except for small jobs, such as driveways, at least two rollers shall be required at all times. As many 

additional rollers shall be used as necessary to provide specified pavement density. 

During rolling , the roller wheels shall be kept moist with only sufficient water to avoid picking up the 

material . 

After the edges have been compacted rolling shall start longitudinally at the sides and gradually 

progressing toward the centre of the pavement. 

The rollers shall move at a slow but uniform speed with the drive roll or wheel nearest the paver . The 

speed shall not exceed 5 kph for steel-wheeled rollers or 8 kph for pneumatic - tired rollers . 

The line of rolling shall not be changed suddenly. If rolling causes displacement of the material, the 

affected areas shall be loosened at once with lutes or shovels and restored to the original grade of the 

loose material before being re-rolled. 

Heavy equipment or rollers should not be permitted to stand on the finished surface before it has been 

compacted and has thoroughly cooled. 

Rolling shall be in the following order: - 

a) Transverse joints . 

b) Outside edge 

c) Initial or breakdown rolling , beginning on the low-side and progressing toward the high side 

d) Second rolling , same procedure as (c) 

e) Finish rolling . 

The compaction temperature (laboratory) shall be (viscosity) of bitumen is 280+30 centistoke, as 

follows : 

148+3oC for 60/70 penetration . 

Transverse Joints 

Transverse joints shall be held to a minimum and thoroughly compacted to provide a smooth riding 

surface. 

Joints shall be straight edges and string - lined to assure smoothness and true alignment. If a joint is 

formed with a bulkhead , such as a board , to provide a straight line and vertical face, it shall be 

checked with a straight edges before fresh material is placed against it to complete the joint . If a 


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bulkhead is not used to form the joint and the roller is permitted to roll over the end of the new 

material , the line shall be located back of the rounded edge a sufficient distance to provide a true 

surface and cross-section . If the joint has been distorted by traffic or by other causes, it shall be 

trimmed to line . 

In either case, the joint face shall face shall be painted with a thin coating of asphalt before fresh 

material is placed against it . 

To obtain through compaction of these joints, material placed against the joint shall be tightly crowded 

against the vertical face of the joint . 

To accomplish this, the paving machine shall be positioned so that the material shall overlap the edge 

of the joint by 3 to 5 cm. The depth of the overlapped material shall be kept uniform . 

The coarse aggregate in the overlapped material that was dislodged through raking or luting shall be 

removed form the pavement surface and discarded . 

A tandem roller shall be placed on the previously compacted material transversely so that no more 15 

cm of the rear rolling wheel rides on the edge of the joint . 

The roller shall be operated to pinch and press the mix place at the transverse joint . The roller shall 

continue to roll along this line, shifting its position gradually across the joint, in 15 to 20 cm P17 

increments , until the joint has been rolled with the entire width of the roller wheel. Rolling joint is 

obtained 

Edges 

Care shall be exercised in consolidating the course along the entire length of the edges . Before it is 

compacted, the material along the unsupported edges shall be slightly elevated with a tamping tool or 

lute. 

This will permit the full weight of the roller wheel to bear on the material to the extreme edges of the 

mat . In rolling pavement edges, roller wheels shall extend 5 cm to 10 cm beyond the pavement edge . 

Breakdown Rolling 

Breakdown rolling shall commence at a temperature of not less than 120OC and immediately follow 

the rolling of the longitudinal joint and edge. Rollers shall be operated as close to the pavement as 

necessary to obtain adequate density without undue displacement . The breakdown roller shall be 

operated with the drive roll or wheel nearest the finishing machine . Exceptions may be made by the 

Engineer's Representative when working on steep slopes . 

When both three-wheeled rollers and tandem rollers are used, the three-wheeled rollers shall work 

directly behind the paver following by the tandem rollers . Only experienced roller operators shall be 

used for used this work . 

Second Rolling 

Pneumatic-tired rollers shall be used for the second rolling . The second rolling shall follow the 

breakdown rolling as closely as possible and while the paving mix is still of at a temperature that will 

result in maximum density from this operation . 


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Pneumatic-tired rollers shall be continuous (at least three complete coverages) after the initial rolling 

until all of the mix placed rollers on the hot paving mix which causes undue displacement will not be 

permitted . 

Finish Rolling 

The finish rolling shall be accomplished with two-axle tandems or three-axle tandems while the 

material is still warm enough for the removal of the rollers marks. If necessary to obtain the required 

surface finish, the Engineer's Representative shall specify the use of pneumatic - tired rollers . All 

rolling operations shall be conducted in close sequence . 

In places inaccessible for the operation of standard rollers as specified , compaction shall be performed 

by trench rollers or others. The trench roller shall be operated at the direction of the Engineer's 

Representative until the course is thoroughly compacted. Hand tamping, manual or mechanical , may 

be used in such areas if it proved to the Engineer's Representative that such operations will give the 

desired density . 

Shoulder 

The shoulder material shall not be placed against the edges of the pavement until the rolling of the 

surface course has been completed. 

Adequate precaution shall be taken to prevent distortion of the pavement edge from specified line and 

grade. 

When the rolling of the surface course has been completed and the edges have been thoroughly 

compacted , shoulder material shall be immediately placed against the edges and rolled . 

Density and Surface Requirements 

The completed pavement shall have a relative compaction equal to or greater than 98% (from daily 

Marshall) of a laboratory specimen prepared as specified in Section A, "Test Methods and 

Definitions" , and made form plant mix conforming to the result of density from samples taken on site 

. 

The final surface shall be of uniform texture and shall conform to line and grade shown on the plans. 

Before final acceptance of the project, or during the progress of the work, the thickness of all courses 

will be determined by the Engineer's Representative. 

All unsatisfactory work shall be repaired, replaced or corrected. 

Both density and thickness shall be carefully controlled during construction and shall be in full 

compliance with the plans and specifications. During compaction, preliminary tests as an aid for 

controlling the thickness, shall be made by inserting a flat blade, correctly graduated, through the 

material to the top of the previously placed base, or by other means approved by the Engineer's 

Representative 

In checking compacted depth, the cutting of the test holes, refilling with acceptable materials, and 

proper compaction shall be done by the Contractor under the supervision of the Engineer's 

Representative. 

For the purpose of testing the surface on all courses, a 3- meter long aluminum straight edge at the 

longitudinal direction shall be used. 

Any irregularities which vary more than 0.5 cm in 3 meters shall be corrected. Irregularities which 

vary may develop before the completion of rolling shall be remedied as may be required. 

Should any irregularities or defects remain after the final compaction, the surface course shall be 

removed promptly and sufficient new material laid to form a true and even surface. All minor surface 


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projections, joints, and minor honeycombed surfaces shall be ironed smooth to grade as may directed 

by the Engineer's Representative. 


Asphalt concrete shall be measured by square meters of the actual area paved and accepted in place 

including the bitumen according to the dimensions shown on the Drawings. 

Edge slopes shall be done but will not be measured for payment. 

Basis of Payment 

Payment shall be based on the Contract unit rate for "Asphalt mix surface thickness 0.06m" per square 

meter, complete in place including bituminous material. No payment shall be made for extra width or 

for extra thickness. 

The required compacted thickness is the minimum acceptable and tolerance shall be on the plus side. 

Payment may also be based on the unit linear meter of road excavation according to B.O.Q. where 

thickness of asphalt mix shall remain as 0.06m, and the Contractor shall follow all above mentioned 




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SECTION 1 

GENERAL EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL STIPULATIONS 

1.1 General 

All equipment details, designs, materials etc.., shall be submitted in full for the Engineer’s approval, 

prior to commencement of Manufacture. 

The General Equipment and Material Stipulations apply, in general, to all equipment and material to 

be supplied and all work to be performed by the Contractor. These requirements supplement the 

detailed equipment and material specifications but, in case of conflict, the detailed equipment and 

material specifications shall govern. 

This section shall be read in conjunction with the Drawings and other relevant parts of the 

Specification. In particular the Contractor’s attention is drawn to Sections 2 and 3 with regard to 

Materials, Workmanship and Submittals. 

1.2 Materials and Equipment 

Unless specifically provided otherwise in each case, all materials and equipment furnished for 

permanent installation in the work shall conform to applicable standard specifications and shall be 

new, unused, and undamaged when installed or otherwise incorporated in the work. The Contractor 

shall use no such material or equipment for any purpose other than that intended or specified, unless 

the Engineer in each case specifically authorizes such use. 

1.3 Workmanship 

All equipment shall be designed, fabricated, and assembled in accordance with the best modern 

engineering and shop practice. Individual parts shall be manufactured to standard sizes so that repair 

parts, furnished at any time, can be installed in the field. Like parts of duplicate units shall be 

interchangeable. Equipment shall not have been in service at any time prior to delivery, except as 

required by tests. 

1.4 Co-ordination 

The Contractor shall assume full responsibility for co-ordination of the entire project, including 

verification that all structures, piping, valves, materials, instrumentation, and equipment components 

are compatible. The Contractor shall start up each equipment system and shall make all adjustments 

and tests necessary to ensure that each equipment item, system, and the entire works are placed in 

proper operating condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 

1.5 Quality Assurance 

Manufacturer's Instructions 

When the specifications require that installation of work shall comply with the manufacturer's printed 

instructions, the Contractor shall obtain and distribute copies of such instructions to parties involved in 

the installation, including two copies to the Engineer. 

The Contractor shall maintain one set of complete instructions at the job site during installation and 

until completion. 


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The Contractor shall handle, install, connect, clean, condition and adjust products in strict accord with 

such instructions and in conformity with specified requirements. Should job conditions or specified 

requirements conflict with manufacturer's instructions, consult with the Engineer for further 

instructions. The Contractor shall not proceed with work without clear instructions. 

The Contractor shall perform work in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and not omit any 

preparatory step or installation procedure unless specifically modified or exempted by the 


Patent Royalties 

All royalties and fees for patents covering materials, articles, apparatus, devices, or equipment (as 

distinguished from processes) shall be included in prices quoted by equipment suppliers. 

1.6 Adaptation of Equipment 

Equipment shall be readily adaptable for installation and operation in the structures shown on the 

drawings. No responsibility for alteration of a planned structure to accommodate other types of 

equipment will be assumed by the Employer. Equipment, which requires alteration of the structures, 

will be considered only if the Contractor assumes all responsibility for making and co-ordinating all 

necessary alterations. All such alterations shall be made at the Contractor's expense and shall be 

acceptable to the Engineer. 

1.7 Delivery, Storage, and Handling 

Delivery 

A. Materials and equipment furnished under this Contract shall be delivered and stored at a location 

directed by the Contractor and acceptable to the Engineer. 

B. The Contractor shall provide all materials and packing cases necessary for the safe conveyance and 

delivery of items. 

A. Before an item is dispatched from a manufacturer's works it shall be properly prepared and 

packed and the Contractor shall give the Engineer at least fourteen days notice that these preparations 

are to begin. 

D. The Contractor shall, either directly or through contractual arrangements with others, accept responsibility 

for the safe handling and protection of the equipment and materials furnished under this Contract 

before and after receipt at the port of entry. Acceptance of the equipment by the Employer shall only 

be made after it is installed, tested, placed in operation, and found to comply with all the specified 

requirements. 

E. All items shall be checked against packing lists immediately on deliver to the Work Site and shall be 

inspected for damage and checked for shortages. Damage and shortages shall be remedied with the 

minimum of delay. 

Protection 

A. All equipment shall be boxed, crated, or otherwise completely enclosed and protected during 

shipment, handling, and storage. All equipment shall be protected from exposure to the elements and 

shall be kept thoroughly dry at all times. Pumps, motors, electrical equipment, and other equipment 


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having antifriction or sleeve bearings shall be stored in watertight warehouses, which are maintained at 

a temperature of at least 16 degrees C. 

B. Painted surfaces shall be protected against impact, abrasion, discoloration, and other damage. All 

painted surfaces that are damaged prior to acceptance of equipment shall be repainted to the 


C. Electrical, equipment, controls, and insulation shall be protected against moisture or water damage. 

All space heaters provided in the equipment shall be kept connected and operating at all times until 

equipment is placed in service. All equipment shall have the original manufacturing certificate. 

Packing Lists 

Every crate or package shall contain a packing list in a waterproof envelope. Two copies of the 

packing list shall be sent by mail to the Engineer when the package is dispatched. 

Marking 

Crates, packages and the like shall be clearly marked with a waterproof material to show the weight, 

where the slings should be attached, and shall also have an indelible identification mark relating them 

to the packing list. 

All items shall be clearly marked for identification against the packing list. 

Storage 

A. Stored items shall be laid out to facilitate their retrieval for use in the programmed order. 

B. Stacked items shall be suitably protected from damage by spacers or load distributing supports and 

shall be safely arranged. No metalwork shall be stored directly on the ground. 

C. Items shall be handled and stored so that they are not subjected to excessive stresses and so that 

protective coatings and finishes are not damaged. 

D. Masonry products shall be handled and stored in a manner to hold breakage, chipping, cracking, and 

sapling to a minimum. 

E. Cement, lime and similar products shall be stored off the ground on pallets and shall be covered and 

kept completely dry at all times. 

F. Pipe, fittings and valves may be stored out of doors but must be placed on wooden blocking. 

G. Equipment having moving parts, such as gears, bearings and seals, shall be stored fully lubricated with 

oil, grease, etc., unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer. The Contractor shall carefully follow 

manufacturer’s storage instruction. 

H. Moving parts shall be rotated a minimum of once weekly to ensure proper lubrication and to avoid 

metal to metal "welding". Upon installation of the equipment, the Contractor shall at the discretion of 

the Engineer start the equipment, at one-half load, once weekly for an adequate period of time to 

ensure that the equipment does not deteriorate from lack of use. 


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I. Lubricants shall be changed upon completion of installation and as frequently as required thereafter 

during the period between installation and acceptance. The Contractor shall put new lubricants into the 

equipment at the time of acceptance. 

Off-Site Storage 

Off-site storage arrangements shall be acceptable to the Engineer for all materials and equipment not 

incorporated into the work but included in Applications for Payments. Such off-site storage 

arrangements shall be presented in writing, and shall afford adequate and satisfactory security and 

protection. Off-site storage facilities shall be accessible to Engineer. 

Spare Parts 

Spare parts shall be accurately manufactured from the same materials and to the same dimensions and 

tolerances as the originals. They shall be new, unused and strictly interchangeable with the parts for 

which they are intended to be replacements and shall be treated and packed for long storage under the 

climatic conditions prevailing at the Work Site. Each spare part shall be clearly marked or labeled on 

the outside of its packing with its description and purpose, and when more than one spare is packed in 

a single case or other container, a general description of its contents shall be shown on the outside of 

such case or containers, and a detailed list enclosed. Cases, containers, and other packages shall be 

marked and numbered in an acceptable manner for purposes of identification. Cases, containers, or 

other packages shall be designed to facilitate opening and thereafter repacking. 

1.8 Substitutions and Product Options 

Equivalent Materials and Equipment 

Whenever a material or article is specified or described by using the name of a proprietary product or 

the name of a particular manufacturer or vendor, the specified item mentioned shall be understood as 

establishing the type, function, and quality desired. Other manufacturer's products will be accepted 

provided sufficient information is submitted to allow the Engineer to determine that the products 

proposed are equivalent to those names. Such items shall be submitted for review by the procedure set 

forth in the Submittals section and as specified herein. 

Substitutions 

Requests for review of equivalency will not be accepted from anyone except the Contractor, and such 

requests will not be considered until after the contract has been awarded. 

The Contractor shall submit a separate request for each item of material and/or equipment proposed for 

substitution, supported with data, drawings and samples as appropriate. Request for substitution shall 

include the following: 

Comparison of the qualities of the proposed substitution with that specified. 

Any changes required in other elements of the work because of the substitution. 

Effect on the construction schedule. 

Cost data comparing the proposed substitution with the equipment or material that is specified. 

Any required license fees or royalties. 


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Availability of maintenance service, and source of replacement materials in Jordan. 

The Contractor in requesting a substitution represents that he has investigated the proposed products 

and determines that they are equal to, or superior in, all respects to that specified. The Contractor shall 

provide the same warranties for the substitution as for the products specified. The Contractor will coordinate 

the installation of an accepted substitution into the Project, and make all changes as may be 

required to make the work complete, waivering all claims for additional costs, under his responsibility, 

which may subsequently become apparent. 

1.9 Warranties 

The Engineer shall be the judge of the acceptability of all proposed substitutions. 

The Contractor shall guarantee all equipment against (a) faulty or adequate design, (b) improper 

assembly or erection, (c) defective workmanship or materials and (d) leakage, breakage, or other 

failure. The guarantee period shall be as defined in the General Conditions. 

1.10 Safety Features 

A. The Permanent Works, as installed, shall have no features that could be a hazard to operators, 

maintenance staff, visitors, or other persons having access thereto. Guards, electrical safety devices, 

thermal insulation, noise suppression devices, written notices, safety colors, and the like shall be 

provided where needed. 

B. Adequate safeguards shall be provided to prevent personnel accidentally coming into contact with 

dangerous machinery, mechanisms, hot surfaces, electrically live parts, and other hazardous 

components or contents. Guards shall be rigid, securely fixed and made so that they do not have to be 

removed during normal operation, running maintenance, and routine inspection. 

C. When the Permanent. Works are operating at the normal conditions, the intensity of emitted noise in the 

working environment shall not constitute a health hazard to operators and other personnel or cause a 

nuisance to a community outside the boundary of the Work Site. The anticipated noise characteristics 

of all items of Permanent Works and systems, which have a high noise potential, shall be submitted to 

the Engineer early in the Contract. The Contractor shall ensure that all pollutants are discharged in a 

controlled manner to satisfy the environmental protection requirements of the Employer. 

1.11 Anchor Bolts 

A. Equipment suppliers shall furnish stainless steel anchor bolts for each item of equipment. Anchor bolts, 

together with templates or setting drawings, shall be delivered sufficiently early to permit setting the 

anchor bolts when the structural concrete is placed. Two stainless steel nuts shall be furnished for 

each bolt. 

1.12 Fabrication and Manufacture 

All equipment shall be designed, fabricated, and assembled in accordance with the best engineering 

and shop drawings. Individual parts shall be manufactured to standard sizes and gauges so that repair 

parts furnished at any time, can be installed in the field. Like parts of duplicate units shall be 

interchangeable. 

Equipment shall not have been in service at any time prior to delivery, except as required by tests. 

Except where otherwise specified, structural and miscellaneous fabricated steel used in items of 

equipment shall conform to the Standards of the American Institute of Steel Construction. 


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All structural members shall be considered as subject to shock or vibratory loads. Unless otherwise 

specified, all steel which will be submerged, all or in part, during normal operation of the equipment 

shall be at least 6 mm thick. 

1.13 Lubrication 

A. Equipment shall be adequately lubricated by systems that require attention no more frequently than 

weekly during continuous operation. Lubrication systems shall not require attention during start-up or 

shutdown and shall not waste lubricants. 

B. Lubricants of the type recommended by the equipment Manufacturer shall be provided in sufficient 

quantity to fill all lubricant reservoirs and to replace all consumption during testing, start-up, and 

operating prior to acceptance of equipment by the Employer. In addition, Contractor shall provide 

quantities of required lubricants to permit continuous operation of all items of equipment until the end 

of the Maintenance Period. 

C. A complete schedule of recommended lubricants, which are readily available in Jordan and the names 

and manufacturers and suppliers, shall be submitted to the Engineer for acceptance. 

D. Lubrication facilities shall be convenient and accessible. Oil drains and fill openings shall be easily 

accessible from the normal operating area or platform. Drains shall allow for convenient collection of 

waste oil in containers, from the normal operating area or platform without removing the unit from its 

normal installed position. 

E. Lubricating equipment shall be positioned so that it is not subject to damage during installation, 

operation, or maintenance of plant. Centralized lubrication systems shall conform with BS 4807, 

Recommendations for Centralized Lubrication as Applied to Plant and Machinery. 

F. Grease lubrication systems shall preferably be the pressure type where no adjustment or recharging is 

needed more than once a week under normal continuous operating conditions. Grease application 

points shall be easily accessible and where needed, extension piping shall be provided. Where a 

number of greasing points can be grouped they shall be routed to a battery plate of rigid construction 

and each application point shall be clearly labelled. Two grease applicators shall be supplied for each 

type of lubricant required and type of application nipple. Each applicator shall be clearly and 

permanently labelled. 

G. Oil lubrication shall preferably be supplied by a recirculating reservoir type lubricator, which 

automatically maintains the correct level of oil and is sized to function for a long period under normal 

continuous operating conditions. 

A sight glass level indicator shall be fitted on all oil reservoirs, or where this is not practicable, a 

dipstick shall be fitted. Level indicators shall be easy to read over the maximum working range, 

simple to dismantle for cleaning, marked clearly with minimum / normal / maximum oil levels at 

normal running temperature and speed and marked to show the normal filling level at design ambient 

temperature. Sight glasses shall be protected against mechanical damage. 

H. Water lubrication shall either be a recirculating or freely discharging system. Facilities shall be 

provided for visually observing both the flow and temperature of the inflowing and outflowing 

lubricating water where practicable. Freely discharging water from each lubricating point shall be 

separately piped to an open reservoir or container, which shall be piped neatly to an acceptable surface 

water drainage system. 

1.14 Dissimilar Materials 


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A. Where the use of dissimilar materials in contact or proximity can be bridged by an electrolyte producing 

a corrosive condition, the Contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer that adequate 

precautions have been taken to prevent unacceptable corrosion. 

1.15 Nameplates, Rating Plates, and Labels 

A. Each item of the plant comprising the Permanent Works shall have permanently attached, in a 

conspicuous position, a label or labels detailing its design performance, function, manufacturer's 

identification, and system identification. In general the function and system identification shall be 

separately labelled. Script on all labels shall be in the Arabic and English languages. 

B. Inscriptions shall be permanently engraved and, in general, a dark inscription on a light background 

shall be provided. 

C. The proposed style, label material, inscription, location, and fixing shall be scheduled and submitted to 

the Engineer for review. 

D. Embossed materials and techniques will not be accepted. 

E. Labels provided for panels shall describe the duty and identify every instrument, relay circuit, circuit 

component, and item of equipment mounted externally and internally. 

F. Multi section/circuit panels shall be fitted with a main designation label, and labels identifying each 

individual section/circuit shall be located at both the front and rear of the panel. 

G. Where withdraw able or detachable equipment is provided both the fixed and moving or detachable 

portions shall be similarly labeled. 

H. Externally fitted labels on panels shall be acceptable transparent plastic with rear engraved inscriptions 

filled with black. The back surface of these labels shall be painted in an acceptable color. 

I. Labels shall be provided to warn of dangerous or potentially dangerous circumstances or substances. 

J. Inscriptions on danger labels shall start with the word "DANGER" and be white on a red background. 

K. Inscriptions on caution labels shall start with the word "CAUTION" and be red on a white background. 

L. Instruction labels shall be provided where safety procedures are essential to protect operating and 

maintenance personnel from hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions such as advising the 

isolation or earthing of electrical circuits or the wearing of protective gear. 

M. Each valve, pump, and unit of equipment, which has been assigned a designation code number 

including existing items, shall be provided with a number plate. Numerals shall be not less than 50 mm 

high. Number plates shall be anodized aluminum and shall have a number corresponding to a 

designation code number system acceptable to the Engineer. The location of number plates and the 

method of attachment to the equipment shall be acceptable to the Engineer. 

1.16 Marker Tape for Buried Services 

A. Wherever pipes, cables, ducts, and similar services are buried in the ground a marker tape shall be laid 

300 mm above each and every service in the trench. The marker tape shall be 500 mm wide and 100 

micrometers nominal thickness colored plastic boldly printed with the word "CAUTION" and words to 

identify the particular services, in Arabic and English throughout its entire length, in accordance with 

international standard practice. All electrical wires and cables shall be labeled at every interruption, 

termination, device, and manhole and shall be identified on numbered elastic sleeves. 


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1.17 Electric Motors 

A. Unless otherwise specified, motors furnished with equipment shall meet the following requirements: 

1. Designed and applied in accordance with NEMA ANSI, IEEE, AFBMA, NEC, BS, VDE or EEMAC 

for the service of the driven equipment, such as frequent starting, intermittent overload, high inertia, 

mounting configuration, or service environment. 

2. Rated for continuous duty at 50 o C ambient, unless the application is well recognized for intermittent 

duty service as a standard industry practice. 

3. Insulated to Class F standard designed for a service factor of 1.15, or greater or as specified. 

4. When operating at service factor load, maximum observable temperature rise of insulation and motor 

parts, as determined by resistance or thermometer methods, shall not exceed the NEMA allowable 

limits for the type of motor, the type of enclosure, and the particular application with regard to 

continuous or intermittent duty. 

5. To ensure long motor life, nameplate kilowatt regardless of service factor, shall be at least 115 percent 

of the maximum load imposed by the driven equipment. 

6. Designed for full voltage starting. 

7. De-rated, if required, for the altitude at which the equipment is installed. 

8. Clamp type grounding terminal shall be inside motor conduit box. 

9. External conduit boxes shall be oversized at least one size larger than NEMA standard. 

10. Totally enclosed motors shall have a continuous moisture drain, which also excludes insects. 

11. Bearings shall be either oil or grease lubricated and have a minimum guaranteed life of 50,000 hrs of 

motor running time. 

12. Manufacturer's standard motor may be supplied on integrally constructed, packaged assemblies such as 

appliances, tools, unit heaters, and similar equipment specified by model number, in which case a 

redesign of the unit would be required to furnish motors of other than the manufacturer's standard 

design. However, in all cases, totally enclosed motors are preferred and shall be furnished if offered by 

the manufacturer' as a standard option. 

13. Totally enclosed motors shall be furnished on: 

a. Outdoor equipment. 

b. Equipment for installation below grade. 

. 

c. Chemical feeding and chemical handling equipment. 

d. Equipment operating in wet or dust laden locations. 

14. Drip proof motors, or totally enclosed motors at the supplier's option, shall be furnished on equipment 

in indoor, above grade, clean and dry locations. 


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15. Explosion proof or submersible motors shall be furnished as required by applicable codes, as specified 

in other sections, or at the supplier's option. 

16. Motors shall be rated and constructed as follows: 

Below 1000 -W Power 

240 volt, 50 Hz, single phase. 

Built-in manual-reset thermal protector, or integrally mounted stainless steel enclosed 

manual motor starter. 

1.18 Drive Units 

1000W and Above Power 

400 volt, 50 Hz, 3 Phase. 

A. The nominal input kilowatt rating of each gear or speed reducer shall be at least equal to the nameplate 

kilowatt rating of the drive motor. Drive units shall be designed for 24-hour continuous service. 

Gear Motors 

Gear motors shall be rated AGMA Class 11 and shall bear an AGMA nameplate. 

Gear Reducers 

Each gear reducer shall be totally enclosed, oil lubricated, with antifriction bearings throughout. 

Worm gear reducers shall have a service factor of at least 1.20. Shaft mounted gear reducers shall be 

rated AGMA Class II. Other helical, spiral bevel, and combination bevel-helical gear reducers shall 

have a service factor of at least 1.50. Each gear reducer shall bear an AGMA nameplate. 

Variable Speed Drives 

Each variable speed drive shall have a service factor of at least 1.75 at maximum speed. A spare belt 

shall be provided with each variable speed drive unit employing a belt for speed change. Unless 

specifically permitted by the detailed equipment specifications, bracket type mounting will not be 

acceptable for variable speed drives. 

Safety Guards 

Chain drives of stainless 316, fan blades, couplings, and other moving or rotating parts shall be 

covered on all sides by a safety guard. Safety guards shall be fabricated from 1.6 mm thick or heavier 

galvanized or aluminum clad sheet steel or 12 mm mesh galvanized expanded metal. Each guard shall 

be designed for easy installation and removal. All necessary supports and accessories shall be provided 

for each guard. Supports and accessories, including bolts, shall be galvanized. All safety guards in 

outdoor locations shall be designed to prevent the entrance of rain and dripping water. 

1.19 Equipment Bases 

A. Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings or specified, all equipment shall be installed on concrete 

bases at least 150 mm high. Cast iron or welded steel Base plates shall be provided for pumps, 

compressors, and other equipment. Each unit and its drive assembly shall be supported on a single 

base plate of neat design. Base plates shall have peds for anchoring all components and adequate 

grout holes. 


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Base plates for pumps shall have a means for collecting leakage and a threaded drain connection. Base 

plates shall be anchored to the concrete base with suitable anchor bolts and the space beneath filled 

with grout as specified. 

1.20 Shop Painting 

A. All steel and iron surfaces shall be protected by suitable paint or coatings applied in the shop. All 

ferrous metal surfaces needing paint for corrosion protection or appearance shall be finish painted at 

the shop or factory. Finish painted shall consist of at least one primer coat and one suitable finish coat. 

Surfaces, which will be inaccessible after assembly, shall be protected for the life of the equipment. 

Exposed surfaces intended to be field painted after installation shall be finished smooth, thoroughly 

cleaned, and filled as necessary to provide a smooth uniform base for painting. Surfaces to be painted 

after installation shall be-shop painted with one or more coats of a primer, which will adequately 

protect the equipment until finish coats are applied. Shop primer shall be fully compatible with finish 

paint systems specified. 

Items of equipment such as pumps traveling screens, air blowers, chlorination equipment, electric 

motors, speed reducers, starters, and other self-contained or enclosed components shall be shop 

finished with at least one primer coat and one finish coat of high-grade oil-resistant enamel or 

equivalent system. Coatings shall be suitable for the environment where the equipment is installed. 

B. Machined, polished, and non-ferrous surfaces, which are not to be painted, shall be coated with 

suitable protective compound. 

1.21 Installation and Operation 

A. Equipment shall not be installed or operated except by, or with the guidance of, qualified personnel 

having the knowledge and experience necessary for proper results. When so specified, or when 

employees of Contractor or his Subcontractors are not qualified, such personnel shall be supervised at 

all times by field representatives of the manufacturer of the equipment or materials being installed. 

B. All equipment installed under this Contract shall be placed in successful operation according to the 

written instructions of the manufacturer or the instructions of the manufacturer's field representative. 

All required adjustments, tests, operation checks, and other start-up activities shall be provided. 

1.22 Manufacturer's Field Services 

A. An experienced, competent, and authorized representative of the manufacturer of each item of 

equipment for which field services are required shall visit the Work Site and inspect, check, adjust if 

necessary, and accept the equipment installation. In each case, the manufacturer's representative shall 

be present when the equipment is placed in operation. The manufacturer's representative shall revisit 

the Work Site as often as necessary until all trouble is corrected and the equipment installation and 

operation are satisfactory in the opinion of the Engineer. 

B. Each manufacturer's representative shall furnish to the Engineer a written report certifying that the 

equipment has been properly installed and lubricated; is in accurate alignment; is free from any undue 

stress imposed by connecting piping or anchor bolts; has been operated under full load conditions; and 

that it operated satisfactorily. 

C. Except as may be otherwise specified or required or allowed by the Engineer, eleven months after the 

Plant has been set to work a visit to site shall be made by an experienced fitter, of the Contractor or the 

Manufacturer, who shall service all the Plant. The service shall comprise tracing and correction of all 

faults and replacement of any item of plant found to be defective which the Engineer considers to be 

the Contractor’s liability. 


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D. All costs for these services shall be included in the Contract Price. 

1.23 Operation and Maintenance Manuals 

The Contractor shall provide Operation and Maintenance Manuals for each item of equipment for 

which manuals are required. Manuals shall be provided in accordance with the Submittals Section. 



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SECTION 2 

MECHANICALLY CLEANED BAR SCREENS 

PART 1 - GENERAL 


A. This Section includes supply, installation, testing and startup of all HEAVY DUTY mechanically 

and manually cleaned bar screens, including auxiliaries specified herein, to constitute a complete system. 

B. Supply and install piping to interconnect the various units being provided in the complete system. 

Pipe sizing shall be verified by the Equipment Supplier, but shall be not less than that shown on the 

drawings, unless specific equipment requirements dictate otherwise. 

C. The total system will consist of mechanically and manually cleaned bar screens. 

1-1.01 Related Work 

A. General Equipment and Material Stipulation. 

The General Equipment and Material Stipulation shall apply to all material furnished under this section. 

B. Work Specified Elsewhere 

Other items of work that relate to and are referenced in this section include, but are not limited to, 

Submittals and Electrical Division 

1-2 Applicable Codes and Standards 

The Codes and Standards generally applicable to the under this section are listed. Codes and Standards 

current at the time of the bid shall be used unless otherwise indicated. 

1-2.01 NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association. 

1-2.02 AGMA- American Gear Manufacturer’s Association. 

1-3 Submittals 

1-3.01 Drawing and Data. 

Complete fabrication, assembly and installation drawings, together with detailed specifications and data 

covering materials used parts, devices, and other accessories forming a part of the equipment furnished, 

shall be submitted in accordance with the Submittals section. 

1-4 Product Delivery, Storage, and Handling 

1-4.01 Protection. 

EQUIPMENT shall be delivered, stored, and handled as specified in General Equipment and Material 

Stipulations 


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In addition to the protection specified in the General Equipment and Material Stipulations, the packaging 

of the screen and spare parts shall be similar to export packing and shall be packed separately and shall be 

completed identified on the outside of the container. 

Instructions for the servicing of the equipment while in storage shall accompany each item of equipment. 

Advisement of enclosed instructions shall be noted on the exterior of the package. 

A. Capacity: Mechanically-raked bar screen shall have the following capacity: 

Service 

Mechanical Screen 

QTY/ 

Measurement 

2 

Hydraulically controlled vertical Mechanically Cleaned 

Bar Screens inclined at 75 o 

Controls 2 

Channel Width 

500 mm 

Channel Depth 

1700 mm 

Average Flow –each 

44 liter /sec 

Maximum Flow – each 

109 liter /sec 

Maximum Upstream Water Depth 

400 mm 

Bar Spacing 

15 mm 

Width of bar 

10 mm 

Maximum Headloss at 50% clogging 

200 mm 

Manual Screen 

Manual Bar Screen 1 

Channel Width 

500 mm 

Channel Depth 

1700 mm 

Bar Spacing 

40 mm 

Width of bar 

10 mm 

B. Materials: All materials used shall be suitable for service in a moist corrosive environment as 

encountered in wastewater treatment plant. 

C. Stainless Steel Bolts: Bolts, anchor bolts, and washers which are submerged or below the top of 

the wall inside any hydraulic structure shall be of type 316 stainless steal, with bronze nuts or cap 

screws of copper-silicon alloy. Wherever stainless steel bolts and nuts are indicated, it shall refer 

to the above material combination, unless specifically excluded 

D. Anchors: Submerged anchors shall be stainless steel 

D. The CONTRACTOR: shall have the manufacturer supply the initial lubrication and all necessary 

sealing fluids. 

In addition to the protection specified in the General Equipment and Material Stipulations, the 

packaging of the screen and spare parts shall be similar to export packaging and shall be suitable 

for long term storage in a damp location. Each spare item shall be packed separately and shall be 

completely identified on the outside of the container. 

Instructions for the servicing of the equipment while in storage shall accompany each item of 

equipment. Advisement of enclosed instructions shall be noted on the exterior of the package. 


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PART 2 – BAR SCREEN 

A. The bar screen shall consist of 10 mm thick by 65 mm wide (in the direction parallel to the 

wastewater flow) rectangular Type 316 stainless steel bars fastened firmly and accurately at top 

and bottom to provide a maximum clear spacing of 15 mm between the bars. The bars shall be 

straight and inclined at 75 degrees from the horizontal in the downstream direction, and shall span 

the full width of the channel. The bar screen shall extend a minimum of 200 mm above the 

maximum water depth in the channel. The bar screen shall be firmly anchored to the channel floor 

and to the dead plate at the top. There shall be no horizontal members allowed on the bar screen 

below the design water level. The dead plate shall be constructed of stainless steel plate, suitably 

reinforced. A Type 316 stainless steel discharge apron shall extend from the level of the operating 

floor to the point of the screening discharge above the screenings compactor and shall be installed 

so as to prevent any screening which may fall from the traveling rake mechanism from falling 

either on the operating floor or in the wastewater flow downstream of the bar screen. The 

discharge apron shall be readily removable and the mechanism located to facilitate manual 

removal of screening. 

B. The mechanism shall consist of side frames, pin rack, rake assembly (with guide rollers, cog 

wheels, drive components, heavy-duty hydraulic shock absorbers), and scraper arm. The rake and 

rake arm shall be Type 316 stainless steel. 

C. Side Frames: The side frames shall be of Type 316 stainless steel construction suitably 

reinforced to support all loads imposed on the mechanism during operation, installation, assembly, 

or transportation. The frame shall be securely fastened to the concrete channel. In each side 

frame, a pin rack shall be designed to mesh with the two cogwheels. The pin rack shall consist of 

steel bolts fitted with hardened and ground bushings. 

D. Operation: The screenings shall be removed from the bar rack by a rake assembly including a 

shaped perforated plate with teeth designed to mesh with the bar rack. The rake assembly shall be 

supported by the main drive shaft and attached to the two cogwheels, which rotate on and are 

supported by the pin rack. The rake arm assembly shall be held against the bar rack by a heavyduty 

coil spring. Proper alignment of the rake arm assembly is accomplished by guide rollers, 

which travel in channel-type tracks attached to the side frame. 

E. The mechanism shall be so designed that the rake can climb over and be free of an object 

encountered that cannot be removed. After the object has been bypassed, the rake shall again 

mesh with and continue to clean the bar rack. Positive overload protection against an object, 

which is too large to be bypassed, shall be provided by mounting the motor on a rotating support 

that is held in position by the coil spring assembly. If the load on the motor increases beyond a 

predetermined value, the motor shall rotate, causing a limit switch to stop the drive. When the 

overload condition has been corrected, the drive may again be operated by manual pushbutton 

activation. 

F. The bar screen mechanism shall be designed to be reversed by manually operated electrical 

controls. A spring-loaded switch shall be provided to allow the operator to reverse the rake 

assembly free of the object that has caused the overload, for unobstructed removal of the object by 

other means. 

G. Screening Discharge: The rake shall be guided over the discharge point and the accumulated 

screenings shall be removed by a scraper arm attached to the side frame and designed to pivot to 

allow efficient cleaning of the rake on each pass. The discharge height of the rake mechanism 

shall be sufficient to allow free and unhindered discharge to the screenings compactor. On three 

sides of the screenings discharge point, minimum 10 mm thick clear plastic plates shall be 

provided to protect the screenings blown away by the wind. The Screen manufacturer shall provide 


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proper supports for the plates for easy removal. The plastic plates shall be extended a minimum 

900 mm above and below the screenings discharge point. 

H. Screenings Containers: The Contractor shall furnish 2 screenings trays with lifting handles for 

collecting the screenings as they come off the screen. They shall be made of hot dipped galvanized 

steel and shall be approximately 100 cm x 50 cm x 20 cm deep. 

The Contractor shall furnish 2 wheelable garbage containers for holding the screenings until they 

are transferred to a garbage truck for disposal. The containers shall be hot dipped galvanized, in 

accordance with the Amman Municipality requirements and shall be approximately 50 cm x 50 cm 

x 1 meter deep. Each container shall have a hinged cover, push handles, and two 20 cm diameter 

rubber-tired wheels on the same side as the push handles so the container can be tilted and rolled. 

The containers shall be similar to those used by the Amman Municipality for domestic garbage 

service. 

I. Drive Motor: The electric motor shall be a TEFC, explosion-proof, heavy-duty type, 400-volt, 3- 

phase, 50-Hz supply in accordance with Section 16460 - Electric Motors. The motor shall be a 

minimum of 1.1 kW, and it shall be direct connected to a gear reducer. 

J. Safety Guards and Inspection Covers: The center portion of the front, upstream, side of the bar 

screen shall be protected by the gear rack support plate. Easily removable hinged wire mesh 

guards shall be included to cover the openings between the support plate and the side frames. The 

side frames and front plate shall have covered openings for easy access to the guide rollers, 

reducer, and pinion gear. 

2.2 Tools and Spare Parts 

A. Tools: The CONTRACTOR shall supply one complete set of special wrenches or other special 

tools necessary for the assembly, adjustment, and dismantling of the equipment. Tools shall be of 

best quality hardened steel forgings with bright, finished heads and with work faces dressed to fit 

nuts. The set of tools shall be furnished in a labeled toolbox of suitable design provided with a 

hinged cover. 

B. Spare Parts: The CONTRACTOR shall furnish one set of spare parts for components exposed to 

operational wear during normal equipment service. Spare parts shall include bearings, sprockets, 

chains, pinions, limit switches, and drive gear rack, rollers, and wiper blades. 

PART 3-EXECUTION 

3-1 General 

A. Installation of the mechanically-raked bar screen shall be in strict accordance with the 

requirements of the manufacturer's written instructions and Shop Drawings; provided that nothing 

contained in said instructions or Shop Drawings shall authorize the CONTRACTOR to vary from 

the requirements of the Contract Documents. 

B. All parts of the mechanism shall be amply proportioned for stresses that may occur during 

fabrication, erection, and intermittent or continuous operation. Workmanship shall be of high 

grade in all respects and of the latest design. 

3-2 Field Testing 

Upon completion of the installation, each piece of equipment and each system shall be tested for 

satisfactory operation without excessive noise, vibration, overheating, etc. All equipment shall be 


90 

Mechanical Works



adjusted and checked for alignment, clearances, supports, and adherence to safety standards, until 

found satisfactory. 

The tests shall demonstrate in particular: 

1. That all equipment will operate within the specified ranges and specified accuracy limits. 

2. Confirm coordination of operation with screenings conveyor and screenings washer/compactor. 



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SECTION 3 

SCREENINGS COMPACTOR 

PART 1 

GENERAL 

1.1 WORK OF THIS SECTION 

A. The Work of this section includes supplying, installing, starting up, and testing of 

two screenings compactors and all accessories for a complete functional system. 

B. Unit Responsibility: The work requires that the screenings compactors complete with 

all accessories and appurtenances be the end product of one responsible system 

manufacturer or responsible system supplier. 

C. It is the intent that the manufacturer and/or supplier of the screenings compactors be 

the same manufacturer and/or supplier of the screens which are specified in Section 

1, Mechanically Cleaned Bar Screens. 

1.2 REFERENCES 

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section: 

1.3 SUBMITTALS 

1. American Bearing Manufacturers’ Association (ABMA): 11, Load Ratings and 

Fatigue Life for Roller Bearings. 

2. American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA). 

3. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). 

4. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): 

a. A36, Standard Specification for Structural Steel. 

b. A153, Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) on Iron and 

Steel Hardware. 

c. A167, Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting 

Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip. 

d. A366, Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled, 

Commercial Quality. 

e. A385, Standard Practice for Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot 

Dip). 

5. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA): 

a. MG1, Motors and Generators. 

b. 250, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum). 

A. Action Submittals: 

1. Shop Drawings: 

a. Detail drawings and specifications for components of equipment 

showing all dimensions, parts, construction details, and materials. 

b. Functional description of controls and operations. 


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c. Control panel elevation drawings. 

d. Size, length, and spacing of anchor bolts or attachments to the 

foundations or supports. 

e. Power and control wiring diagrams including terminals and numbers. 

f. External utility requirements for air, water, power, drain etc. for each 

component. 

g. Complete motor nameplate data, as defined by NEMA, motor 

manufacturer, and motor modifications. 

B. Informational Submittals: 

1. Installation instructions. 

2. Manufacturer’s test reports. 

3. Manufacturer’s Certificate of Proper Installation. 

4. Operation and Maintenance Data. 

5. Extra Materials. 

1.4 EXTRA MATERIALS 

A. Furnish, tag, and box the following spare parts and special tools for both units: 

Item 

Quantity 

Speed reducer 

Drive shaft bearings 

Special tools required to maintain or 

dismantle 

One complete unit 

One complete set 


1.5 PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING 

A. Delivery of Materials: Products shall be delivered in original, unbroken packages, 

containers, or bundles bearing the name of the manufacturer. 

B. Storage: Products shall be carefully stored in a manner that will prevent damage and 

in an area that is protected from the elements. 

C. Protection of Equipment: Equipment shall be boxed, crated, or otherwise protected 

from damage and moisture during shipment, handling, and storage. Equipment shall 

be protected from exposure to corrosive fumes and shall be kept thoroughly dry at all 

times. Motors, drives, electrical equipment and other equipment with anti-friction or 

sleeve bearings shall be stored in watertight and heated storage facilities prior to 

installation. For extended storage periods, plastic equipment wrappers shall not be 

used to prevent accumulation of condensate in gears and bearings. 

1.6 WARRANTY 

A. The screenings compactors shall conform to the description within this specification 

and be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from 

the time of equipment startup. 


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PART 2 

PRODUCTS 

2.1 GENERAL 

A. The compactor shall be suitable for compressing, dewatering and conveying 

screenings collected from the wastewater flow. Compactors shall be designed to 

provide a reduction in volume of 50 percent and a finished moisture content of less 

than 55 percent. 

B. Prior to fabricating determine the requirements for and furnish brackets, chutes, and 

fitments required to suit the screens. 

2.2 MANUFACTURERS 

A. Infilco Degremont, USA 

B. U.S. Filter/Envirex Products, USA 

C. Schloss Engineered Equipment, USA 

D. Passavant, Germany 

2.3 SERVICE CONDITIONS 

A. Screenings Compactor: 

1. Conveyor Type: Screw. 

2. Material Conveyed: waste water screenings. 

3. Material Density: 881 kg/m 3 . 

4. Solids, Percent by Weight: 20 percent. 

5. Capacity: 1 cubic meter per hour minimum. 

6. Screw Speed: 10 maximum rpm. 

7. Screw Diameter: 200 mm minimum. 

8. Compactor and screenings bin on same operating floor. 

9. Hours of Operation: Continuous. 

10. Location: Outdoors. 

11. Equipment Environment Application Rating: NEC, Class I Zone 1, Group D, 

NEMA 7. 

B. Design and provide compactor supports as required. 

C. Preliminary Drawings: A general layout of the screenings compactor shall be 

submitted to Engineer before identifying location and final layout drawings. 

2.4 EQUIPMENT COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS 

A. Compactor: 

1. The compactor shall include a rotating screw housed within a stainless steel 

fabricated trough. The trough body shall be fabricated from 304 stainless steel 

6 mm thick. 


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2. The screw shall be driven by a shaft mounted helical geared motor. 

3. The screw shall be supported by a self-aligning roller bearing at the drive end 

sealed from the trough with double lip seals. 

4. The rotating screw shall convey collected screenings discharged into the 

trough onto a compression section where dewatering and compaction shall 

take place. The compacted screenings shall then be pushed through an outlet 

tube to the point of discharge. 

5. The compactor screw trough shall be fitted with a water catchment tray with 

75 mm diameter flanged drain pipe connection to collect water from the 

dewatered screenings. 

6. The compression chamber shall be fitted with a wash water connection to 

provide intermittent washing of the chamber. An inspection cover shall also be 

provided. 

7. Provide discharge pipe to route the compacted screenings into a bin that will 

be located on same floor elevation as the compactor. Location of bin either on 

side or in front of compactor. Bin height approximately 1.5 m. 

B. Gear Reducers: 

1. Gear reducers to be parallel helical or bevel helical, 2, 3 or 4-stage gear 

reducers for shaft-mounted or foot-mounted, with flexible coupling. Gear 

reducers to be Eurodrive, Dodge, Nord or Flender. 

2. Size gear reducers and flexible couplings based on the input power to each 

gear reducer, with the resulting torque calculated at the output shaft rpm, with 

a safety factor of 1.5 times this calculated torque. The nominal rated output 

torque (AGMA 2) to be greater than or equal to the calculated output torque 

and its safety factors. A second criteria to be met is that the nominal rated 

output torque must exceed the electric motor nameplate horsepower equivalent 

torque at the gear reducer output shaft rpm. 

3. Oil level indicator and drain locations shall be readily accessible. 

4. Drive shall be direct drive type. 

5. Gearboxes, motors shall be factory-assembled on the compactor, factory-tested 

and shipped fully assembled with the compactors. 

C. Bearings: 

1. ABMA 11, high capacity roller bearings located in the reducing drive housing 

with an L-10 life rating of 30,000 hours. 

2. Designed to support thrust loads and provide angular alignment with the 

trough. 

D. Screenings Washing: 

1. The compactor trough shall be fitted with a washwater spray set system to 

provide initial washing of the uncompacted screenings. 

E. Washwater Solenoid Set: 

1. The compactor shall be fitted with a washwater solenoid set to control the flow 

of washwater to the trough spray set and the compression chamber washwater 

connection. The solenoid valves shall be 12 mm diameter and shall be 

explosion proof. 


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F. Inlet Hopper: 

1. An inlet hopper shall be supplied with the compactor to collect the discharged 

screenings from the screen. The hopper shall be fabricated from 6 mm thick 

304 stainless steel. 

G. Controls: 

1. Provide each Control Panel mounted locally on a stand at the compactor and 

be rated NEMA 7 and contain the following controls: 

a. Main circuit breaker. 

b. Magnetic motor starter. 

c. Control transformer. 

d. Overload relay for the motor. 

e. Control power “OFF-ON” selector switch. 

f. Power on light. 

g. HAND-OFF-AUTO selector switch. 

h. “JAM” reset pushbutton. 

2. The screw compactor mode of operation shall be controlled by the “H-O-A” 

selector switch. In the “Hand” mode, the machine shall run continuously. In 

the “Auto” mode, the machine shall run by a repeat cycle timer based on the 

screen operation. 

3. Include two (2) 0-6 minutes timers to control the washwater solenoid valves 

operation. 

4. Coordinate compactor controls with controls for mechanically cleaned bar 

screen. 

5. External Interfaces: The following discrete outputs shall be provided at each 

local field panel: 

a. AUTO STATUS (discrete). 

b. FORWARD (discrete). 

c. REVERSE (discrete). 

6. A general FAIL alarm shall be delivered to alarm panel in service building 

electrical room when there is a PANEL POWER FAILURE, EMERGENCY 

STOP, MOTOR FAILURE. 

H. Special Requirements: 

1. Raceways and wiring installed on unit at factory shall be suitable for corrosive 

and hazardous areas as applicable. 

I. Support Brackets: 

1. A support system shall be supplied to properly support the screw compactor 

from the floor. The system shall be constructed of stainless steel complete with 

anchor bolts and also to suit the screen installation. 

2.5 MOTORS 

A. Motors to be 3 phase, 400 V, 50 Hz for motor 1 kW and above, smaller motors can 

be single phase, 230 Volts, 50 Hz. Motors to be of cast iron construction and 

premium efficiency. 


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2.6 ACCESSORIES 

A. Anchor Bolts: ASTM A193, Type 316 stainless steel, sized by equipment 

manufacturer. 

B. Lifting Lugs: Provide suitably attached for equipment assemblies and components 

weighing over 45 kg. 

C. Equipment Identification Plates: Provide 16-gauge Type 304 stainless steel 

identification plate securely mounted on each separate equipment component and 

control panel in a readily visible location. Plate shall bear 9 mm high engraved block 

type black enamel filled equipment identification number and letters indicated in this 


PART 3 

EXECUTION 

3.1 INSTALLATION 

A. Installation of the screenings compactor to be performed by the contractor in cooperation 

with the manufacturer and under the supervision of factory trained 

representative of manufacturer. 

B. Installation of anchor bolts and concrete embedded frames to be done by contractor 

based on templates and drawings supplied by the manufacturer. Installations to be 

supervised and approved by the manufacturer. 

3.2 FIELD FINISHING 

A. Touchup damaged areas of painted ferrous metal. 

3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL 

A. Functional Test: Conduct on each screenings compactor assembly. Test shall include 

4 hours continuous operation of each unit. Confirm and coordinate operation with 

screen and screenings compactor as a complete operating system. 

3.4 MANUFACTURER’S SERVICES 

A. Contractor/Manufacturer's representative shall be present at site in Jenin, West Bank 

or in Jerusalem or mutually agreed upon alternate for the minimum person days listed 

below to perform the services enumerated, travel time excluded: 

1. Inspection and certification of installation: 2 person-day, 1 trip. 

2. Functional and performance testing: 1 person-days, 1 trip. 

3. Facility startup & training, startup: 2 person-day, 1 trip. 

B. Unlimited phone support during installation and startup 



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SECTION 4 

GRIT COLLECTION EQUIPMENT 

PART 1 

GENERAL 


A. The Work of this section includes supplying, installing, starting up, and testing of two grit 

bucket elevators and grit classifiers including all accessories for a complete functional system. 

B. Unit Responsibility: The work requires that the grit collection equipment, complete with all 

accessories and appurtenances be the end product of one responsible system manufacturer or 

responsible system supplier. 



1. American Bearing Manufacturers’ Association (ABMA): 11, Load Ratings and Fatigue Life 

for Roller Bearings. 

2. American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA). 

3. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). 

4. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): 

a. A36, Standard Specification for Structural Steel. 

b. A153, Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware. 

c. A167, Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel 

Plate, Sheet, and Strip. 

d. A366, Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled, Commercial 

Quality. 

e. A385, Standard Practice for Providing High-Quality Zinc Coatings (Hot Dip). 


a. MG1, Motors and Generators. 

b. 250, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum). 


A. Submittals: 


a. Detail drawings and specifications for components of equipment showing all 

dimensions, parts, construction details, and materials. 

b. Size, length, and spacing of anchor bolts or attachments to the foundations or 

supports. 

c. Functional description of controls and operations. 

d. Control panel external face layout and internal layout drawings. 

e. Power and control wiring diagrams including terminal and wire numbers. 

f. External utility requirements for air, water, power, drain etc. for each component. 

g. Complete motor nameplate data, as defined by NEMA. 

Arabtech Jardaneh/Palestine 99 Mechanical Works




1. Installation instructions. 

2. Manufacturer’s test reports. 


4. Operation and Maintenance Data. 

5. Extra Materials. 

1.4 EXTRA MATERIALS 

A. Furnish, tag, and box the following spare parts and special tools for both units: 

Item 

Elevator buckets 

Longitudinal chain 

Speed reducer 

Drive chain 

Shaft bearings for bucket elevator 

Shaft bearings for screw 

Special tools required to maintain o 

dismantle 

Quantity 

Six per unit 


One complete unit 





1.5 PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING 

A. Delivery of Materials: Products shall be delivered in original, unbroken packages, containers, 

or bundles bearing the name of the manufacturer. 

B. Storage: Products shall be carefully stored in a manner that will prevent damage and in an area 

that is protected from the elements. 

C. Protection of Equipment: Equipment shall be boxed, crated, or otherwise protected from 

damage and moisture during shipment, handling, and storage. Equipment shall be protected 

from exposure to corrosive fumes and shall be kept thoroughly dry at all times. Motors, drives, 

electrical equipment and other equipment with anti-friction or sleeve bearings shall be stored 

in weather tight and heated storage facilities prior to installation. For extended storage periods, 

plastic equipment wrappers shall not be used to prevent accumulation of condensate in gears 

and bearings 

1.6 WARRANTY 




A. The grit collection equipment shall conform to the description within this specification and be 

free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the time of 

equipment startup. 

PART 2 

PRODUCTS 

2.1 GENERAL 

A. The grit collection equipment shall be suitable for conveying and dewatering grit collected 

from the wastewater flow. The grit collection equipment shall be designed to remove grit from 

aerated grit tanks. 

B. Prior to fabricating determine the requirements for and furnish brackets, baffles, chutes, 

enclosures, and fitments required to suit the grit collection equipment. 

C. The grit collection equipment shall consist of vertical bucket elevator and grit washer. 


A. U.S. Filter/Envirex Products, USA 

B. Schloss Engineered Equipment, USA 

C. Passavant, Germany 

2.3 SERVICE CONDITIONS 

A. Grit Collection Equipment: 

1. Liquid Treated: Screened wastewater passed through 9 mm clear spacing in influent 

screens. 

2. Material Conveyed: Grit from wastewater. 

3. Grit Tanks: Aerated with inclined bottom configuration to facilitate grit accumulation 

in grit hopper and grit bucket elevator assembly. Approximate dimensions 5.4 m long 

by 1.8 m wide by 2 m average liquid depth. 

4. Hours of Operation: Continuous. 

5. Location: Outdoors subject to ambient environmental conditions. 

6. Equipment Environment Application Rating: NEC, Class I Zone 1, Group D, NEMA 

7. 

B. Wastewater Flow per Unit: 

1. Minimum (Startup): 1000 m 3 /d. 

2. Annual Average Daily Flow: 7,600 m 3 /d. 

3. Peak Instantaneous Flow: 18,800 m 3 /d. 

C. Preliminary Drawings: A general layout of the aerated grit tanks shall be provided before 

identifying final location and final layout. 

2.4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 




A. Grit removal system shall remove 95 percent of the grit, with an average specific gravity of 

2.65, greater than 50 mesh in size, 85 percent of the grit greater than 100 mesh and less than 

70 mesh in size. The grit removal system manufacturer shall guarantee this performance in 

writing. 

2.5 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION 

A. Grit Bucket Elevator: 

1. The inclined bottom grit tank will function in a manner so that grit will be accumulated 

in a finally grit hopper of 600X600X600 mm where the boot section of the bucket 

elevator is located. The elevator shall be of the three (3) shaft design and include 

buckets, conveying chain, housing with fiberglass cover, shafting, sprockets and drive. 

The housing, drive, sprockets, head shaft, fiberglass cover, take up shaft and seal shall 

be shipped assembled as one unit. 

2. Elevator Chain: All elevator chain shall consist of 100 mm pitch combination chain. The 

chain shall be style HB-78 stainless steel, material type 304 stainless steel hardened and 

working load 13630 kg and ultimate strength of not less than 36360 kg. Chain 

manufacturer Hitachi or approved equivalent. 

3. Elevator Buckets: All elevator buckets shall be 250 mm by 6.4 mm cast nylon style AA 

and shall mount directly to the elevator chain. Each bucket shall have a minimum 

capacity of 0.002 cubic meter. Buckets will be spaced at a maximum of 600 mm on 

centers. 

4. Sprockets: All sprockets shall be stainless steel hubs with non-metallic tooth rim. 

Sprockets shall be mounted on solid cold finished steel shafts which span the entire 

width of the elevator housing and rotating in grease lubricated bearings. 

5. Housing: 

a. A carbon steel formed plate superstructure with a minimum thickness of 6.4 mm 

shall support the head shaft and take-up. The removable cover portion shall be 

fabricated of 4.8 mm molded fiberglass, formed in one piece. In order to provide 

adequate access to machinery, the cover shall be at least 450 mm wide by 760 mm 

depth by height required for the applicable. 

b. The fiberglass cover shall include imbedded channels for takeup guides. Take-up 

shaft shall be sealed with a 9.5 mm thick polyurethane sliding seal. 

c. Where required, neoprene gasketing shall be furnished. All of the fiberglass 

sections shall be furnished with smooth corners and manufactured of acrylic 

polyester impregnated molded fiberglass consisting of chipped glass fibers rolled 

into lamina composed of heavy glass cloth and weather resistant polyester resin. 

The material is to include necessary gel coats and other weather resistant 

ingredients to insure the capability of being exposed to exterior weather conditions. 

All cut edges shall be roller coated with gel coat or matching polyurethane finish. 

The minimum properties for the material are as follows: 

Tensile strength 

12,000 PSI 

Flexural strength 

28,000 PSI 

Compressive strength 27,000 PSI 

Modulus of elasticity 1,200,000 

Glass content 

35% Minimum 



Ignition point 


430 degrees C (continuously applied) 

d. The discharge pipe to the screw washer shall be at least 125 mm diameter with 

gasketed connections and furnished with the equipment. 

e. A 25 mm standard spray pipe with adjustable non-clogging bronze spray nozzle 

arranged to direct fan shaped overlapping spray across the width of the buckets 

shall be provided for washing grit from the buckets. The spray water feed pipe shall 

be stainless steel and extend outside the housing and include two stainless steel ball 

valves and a solenoid operated valve. 

6. Headshaft: The solid steel head shaft shall be a minimum 62 mm diameter and shall be 

supported by grease lubricated anti-friction bearings externally mounted to the housing for 

ease of inspection and maintenance. Special polyurethane and steel shields shall be 

furnished for all bearings. 

7. Take-up Shaft: The take-up shaft shall be equipped with automatic type anti-friction 

take-up bearings which apply a uniform force on the chain throughout their 175 mm 

travel and not incorporate springs. 

8. Drive Assembly: 

a. The drive shall consist of a totally enclosed motor for outdoor operation and 

hazardous location Class I Zone 1 Group D, of ample size to drive the elevator 

and collector mechanism but shall not be less than 2 horsepower. Motor shall be 

400 V 3 PH 50 Hz. 

b. The motor shall be coupled to a helical gear type reducer. The reducer shall bear 

an AGMA nameplate and have a service factor of 1.25 based on the theoretical 

horsepower required. 

c. Equipment shall be protected by an adjustable electrical overload device wired 

into the control panel. The overload condition shall close electrical contacts for 

remote indication that an overload exists and shut off the motor. 

d. The drive chain with a minimum pitch of 2.609 having an ultimate strength of not 

less than 9090 kg, shall connect the output shaft of the reducer to the head shaft 

of the elevator. 

e. The chain drive shall be protected by a 14 gauge stainless steel guard and shall 

have means for drive chain takeup. 

9. Baffle and Shroud: 

a. Provide submerged baffles to separate the aeration chamber and the bucket 

elevator creating a quiescent zone to prevent turbulence from washing out the 

buckets as they elevate the collected grit. Baffles shall be manufactured of #10 

gauge stainless steel supported from the tank walls. The baffle section shall 

include a 600 mm square access door with handle for ease of removal and 

maneuverability. 

b. There shall be attached to the baffle a shroud. The shroud shall be shaped to 

follow the contour of the grit screw. The shroud shall be fabricated of 6.4 mm 

minimum thick type steel and supported by 6.4 mm thick angles. 

B. Conveyor Belt 

Grit collected and elevated by the grit bucket elevator will be conveyed through a 

conveyor belt to the receiving point at the grit classifier. 




C. Grit Classifier: 

2.6 CONTROLS 

1. The buckets shall discharge into a 225 mm diameter 2/3 pitch inclined grit washingdewatering 

screw designed at a slope of 22 degrees with continuously welded steel 

pipe with 9.5 mm thick stainless steel flighting. Provide an organic overflow box with 

one fixed and one adjustable weir for controlling the return of organics to the grit 

tanks. 

2. The screw trough shall be constructed of 6.4 mm painted carbon steel, with a cover 

plate of #12 gauge carbon steel and shall include a dewatering section above the liquid 

level. 

3. The screw conveyor drive unit shall consist of not less than one (1) horsepower motor. 

The reducer shall be of the helical gear type with oil tight housing bolted to the screw 

trough. The reducer shall include a variable speed drive and bear an AGMA nameplate 

and have a service factor of 1.25 based on the theoretical capacity required. The output 

shaft of the reducer shall be direct connected to the upper end of the conveyor. The 

screw shall discharge washed and dewatered grit into a bin as shown on the drawings. 

The lower end bearing shall be externally mounted and include the following 

components: Non metallic wear ring and packing holder, non metallic bearing gland. 

The bearing shall not require lubrication and be replaceable without removing the 

screw from the tank. There shall be no intermediate hanger bearings. 

4. The screw trough, drive unit, hopper, including support legs, shall be assembled and 

shipped as a unit. Provide piping for organics and draining the screw washer 

connection. 

A. Grit Bucket Elevator: 

1. Controls: In accordance with general control requirements and component qualities 

specified as follows: 

a. Provide the following field panels: 

Panel No. 

Panel Name 

NEMA 

Rating 

Mounting 

1 

Grit Bucket Elevator 1 Local Contro 

Panel 7 

Near 

equipment 

stand 

on 

2 

Grit Bucket Elevator 2 Local Contro 

Panel 7 

Near 

equipment 


on 

b. Power supply to the field panels shall be 400V, 3 phase, 50 Hz. Furnish all 

necessary panel mounting hardware and anchor bolts. 

c. Provide relay logic control. 

d. Each control panel shall include the following operator controls and indicators: 

1) “HAND-OFF-AUTO” selector switch 

2) “POWER ON” light 

3) “Bucket Elevator Running” red light 

4) Emergency stop push button. 

5) Push stop/pull run button. 




6) Motor starter (minimum size NEMA 1), program timer, timer, relays, limit 

switches, horn, control transformer etc. 

7) Power disconnect switch 

8) “RESET” push button 

9) “SILENCE ALARM” push button 

10) “TORQUE OVERLOAD” amber light 

11) “MOTOR OVERLOAD” amber light 

12) “EMERGENCY STOP” amber light 

2. Instrumentation: 

a. Provide all instrumentation for field installation in a hazardous location. 

3. External Interfaces: The following discrete inputs and outputs shall be provided at 


a. The following outputs, when originating from local control panel provided with 

grit bucket elevator shall be provided with suitable interface for classification. 

1) Grit Bucket Elevator Running 

2) Grit bucket elevator FAIL (discrete). 

3) Grit classifier ENABLE. 

4. Operation Description 

a. Operation of each grit bucket elevator shall be controlled by a HAND-OFF- 

AUTO selector switch at the control panel at the bucket elevator. When the 

selector switch is in the AUTO position, operation of the grit bucket elevator 

motor shall be controlled by program timer control. When the selector is in the 

HAND position, operation of the grit bucket elevator motor is controlled by the 

“Push-stop/pull run push button. 

b. A TORQUE OVERLOAD limit switch shall stop motion of the grit bucket 

elevator motor, light the TORQUE OVERLOAD indicating light and provide an 

alarm contact should the torque exceed the set point value. 

c. A PANEL POWER FAILURE (PPF) discrete output shall be provided should 

control circuit power fail, the power supply to motor starter fail (motor branch 

circuit breaker open). 

d. Pressing the emergency stop button shall immediately stop the grit bucket 

elevator operation and light the “Emergency Stop” alarm light. 

e. A general FAIL alarm shall be delivered to alarm panel in service building 


STOP, TORQUE OVERLOAD, MOTOR FAILURE. 

f. Press RESET button to reset the alarms 

5. Provide and coordinate interlocks and controls for a complete operating system with 

the grit classifier operation. 

6. Special Requirements: 

a. Raceways and wiring installed on unit at factory shall be suitable for corrosive 

and hazardous areas. 

B. Grit Classifier 

1. Controls: In accordance with general control requirements and component qualities 

specified as follows: 

a. Provide the following field panels: 




Panel No. 

Panel Name 

NEMA 

Rating 

Mounting 

1 Grit Classifier 1 Local Control Panel 7 

2 Grit Classifier 2 Local Control Panel 7 

Near 

equipment 


Near 

equipment 


on 

on 

b. Power supply to the field panels shall be 400V, 3 phase, 50 Hz. Furnish all 

necessary panel mounting hardware and anchor bolts. 

c. Provide relay logic control. 

d. Each control panel shall include the following operator controls and indicators: 

1) “HAND-OFF-AUTO” selector switch 

2) “POWER ON” red light 

3) “Grit Classifier Running” red light 

4) Emergency stop push button. 

5) Push-stop/pull-run push button. 

6) Motor starter (minimum size NEMA 1), timer, relays, limit switches, horn, 

control transformer etc. 

7) Power disconnect switch 

8) “RESET” push button 

9) “SILENCE ALARM” push button 

10) “TORQUE OVERLOAD” amber light 

11) “MOTOR FAILURE” amber light 

12) “EMERGENCY STOP” amber light 

13) Electronic overload relay 

2. Instrumentation: 

a. Provide all instrumentation for field installation in a hazardous location. 

3. External Interfaces: The following discrete inputs and outputs shall be provided at 


a. The following outputs, when originating from local control panel provided with 

grit classifier shall be provided with suitable interface for classification. 

1) Grit Classifier Running. 

2) Grit classifier FAIL(discrete). 

4. Operation Description 

a. Operation of each grit classifier shall be controlled by a HAND-OFF-AUTO 

switch at the control panel at the grit classifier. When the switch is in the AUTO 

position, operation of the grit classifier motor shall be controlled program timer 

from the grit bucket elevator. When the selector switch is in the HAND position, 

operation of the grit classifier motor is controlled by the push-stop/pull-run push 

button. 

b. A TORQUE OVERLOAD limit switch shall stop motion of the grit classifier 

motor, light the TORQUE OVERLOAD indicating light and provide an alarm 

contact should the torque exceed the set point value. 

c. A PANEL POWER FAILURE (PPF) discrete output shall be provided should 

control circuit power fail, the power supply to motor starter fail (motor branch 

circuit breaker open). 

d. Pressing the emergency stop button shall immediately stop the grit classifier 

operation and light the “Emergency Stop” alarm light. 




2.7 SHOP PAINTING 

e. A general FAIL alarm shall be delivered to alarm panel in service building 


STOP, TORQUE OVERLOAD, MOTOR FAILURE. 

f. Press RESET button to reset the alarms 

5. Provide and coordinate interlocks and controls for a complete operating system with 

grit bucket elevator operation. 

6. Special Requirements: 

a. Raceways and wiring installed on unit at factory shall be suitable for corrosive 

and hazardous areas as applicable. 

A. All metal surfaces except chains, sprockets, shafts, RFP or stainless steel parts shall be 

sandblasted and primed and finished coats in accordance with the manufacturer’s printed 

recommendations for the best possible coating. 

B. Shafts, chains, sprockets and other life surfaces shall be heavily coated with a petroleum base 

compound. 

2.8 FACTORY ASSEMBLY: 

A. The grit bucket elevator and housing shall be factory assembled and the grit classifier shall 

also be shop assembled. Units shall be shipped assembled unless shipping limitations or 

special installation requirements dictate otherwise. 

B. All factory assembled electrical equipment (eg. motors, safety devices, torque devices, etc.) 

shall be wired to a factory assembled junction box with all wiring and terminals identified and 

coordinated with the local control panels. 

2.9 MOTORS 

A. Motors to be 3 phase, 400 V, 50 Hz for motor 1 kW and above, smaller motors can be single 

phase, 230 Volts, 50 Hz. Motors to be of cast iron construction and premium efficiency. 


A. Anchor Bolts: ASTM A193, Type 316 stainless steel, sized by equipment manufacturer. 

B. Lifting Lugs: Provide suitably attached for equipment assemblies and components weighing 

over 45 kg. 

C. Equipment Identification Plates: Provide 16-gauge Type 304 stainless steel identification plate 

securely mounted on each separate equipment component and control panel in a readily visible 

location. Plate shall bear 9 mm high engraved block type black enamel filled equipment 

identification number and letters indicated in this Specification. 

2.11 EQUIPMENT ENCLOSURE 

A. Provide an enclosure for each bucket elevator mechanism for odor control purpose. Provide 

enclosure with flanged connection for odor cast pipe of 150 mm in diameter. Location and 

exact size of pipe connection will be provided to manufacturer at the time that Engineer 

returns manufacturer’s shop drawings. 




B. Materials: fabricate enclosure from 304 stainless steel at least 14 gauge in thickness. Attaching 

hardware shall also be from 304 stainless steel that is welded or bolted throughout. Fasteners 

required to assemble enclosure shall be Type 316 stainless steel. Design to be removable in 

sections. 

C. Provide hinged access doors with latches on both sides for easy access to the bucket elevator 

at the maintenance locations. 

PART 3 

EXECUTION 


A. Installation of the grit collection equipment to be performed by the contractor in co-operation 

with the manufacturer and under the supervision of factory trained representative of 

manufacturer. 

B. Installation of anchor bolts and concrete embedded frames to be done by contractor based on 

templates and drawings supplied by the manufacturer. Installations to be supervised and 

approved by the manufacturer. 

3.2 FIELD FINISHING 

A. Touchup damaged areas of painted ferrous metal. 


A. Functional Test: Conduct on each grit collector assembly. Test shall include 4 hours 

continuous operation of each unit. Confirm and coordinate operation with grit bucket elevator 

and grit classifier as a complete operating system. 

3.4 MANUFACTURER’S SERVICES 

A. Manufacturer's representative shall be present at site in Jenin, West Bank or in Jerusalem or 

mutually agreed upon alternate for the minimum person days listed below to perform the 

services enumerated, travel time excluded: 

1. Inspection and certification of installation: 2 person-day, 1 trip. 

2. Functional and performance testing: 1 person-days, 1 trip. 

3. Facility startup & training, startup: 2 person-day, 1 trip. 

B. Unlimited phone support during installation and startup. 





SECTION 5 

AERATION BASIN AND AERATION EQUIPMENT 

1-1 Scope 

This section covers the work necessary to furnish and install mechanical, horizontally mixing aerators, 

complete. Also, a spare motor, speed reducer, coupling, and shaft identical to those provided shall be 

provided for standby use. 

Complete specifications and descriptive literature shall be submitted to the 

Engineer prior to the time of biding opening. Included shall be a copy of the results of an oxygen transfer 

test under standard conditions for the capacity of aeration specified under full load and in a similar basin 

configuration as shown for this project. Results shall be certified by an independent agency. 

Recognized experienced manufacturers, such as Tornado Aerator or equal, shall furnish aeration 

equipment. 

1-2 General 

The contractor shall provide a total of 18 Nos horizontally floating type mixing aerators. Each aerator shall 

be 35 horsepower, and shall consist of an electric motor flexibly coupled to a solid rotating shaft. A 

propeller shall be affixed to the lower end of the shaft. The shaft shall be supported at the top and bottom 

by two sealed tapered roller bearings. A stationary draft tube shall be provided which allows the passage of 

air between the draft tubes and solid shaft so that the air can be transferred through the unit and into the 

wastewater. The rotating propeller shall create a low-pressure zone at its hub thus drawing air through the 

inlet, through the draft tube and into the wastewater. 

1-3 Aerator Shaft 

A. A one-piece, solid stainless steel shaft shall be 316 SS. The shaft shall not be pieced or 

welded. Thin walled hollow shafts are not acceptable. 

B. The shaft shall be precision machined with threads and a keyway or splines on the propeller end and a 

keyway on the motor end. Shaft run out shall not exceed 0.005 inches (0.125 mm) along its entire length to 

assure straightness. 

1-4 Aerator Shaft Bearings 

A. Two tapered roller bearings shall be used to align the shaft and take up all thrust loads from the propeller. 

These bearings shall support the shaft near the top and bottom for maximum stability. Unsupported or 

cantilevered shafts are not acceptable. Aerator shaft bearing design life (L10) shall be at least 100,000 

hours as documented by an independent Registered Professional Engineer. This documentation shall be 

supplied with equipment submittals. Sleeve type, ball bearing type, or wastewater-lubricated bearings are 

not acceptable. Under no circumstances shall the thrust load generated by the propeller be transferred to 

the aerator shaft/motor shaft coupling or motor bearings. 

B. All Aerator shaft bearings shall operate above the liquid surface, and be sealed to protect them against 

splashing, submergence, and the environment. Grease fittings shall be used to allow the addition of grease 

to each bearing. All aerator grease fittings shall be located above the liquid surface. 

C. A 316 stainless steel bearing support tube shall firmly support the bearings and protect the rotating solid 

shaft. 


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1-5 Draft Tube 

A stationary draft tube and air inlet hole shall be used to minimize aerodynamic drag and interference. The 

draft tube shall be made of stainless steel and shall be shaped in such a way to maximum airflow. Each 

inlet hole or slot shall be of sufficient size to give maximum airflow and minimum drag. 

Rotating hollow shafts or rotating air inlets shall not be used. The air passageway provided within the 

aerator shall be at least 7 square inches 

(45 cm 2 ) in cross – sectional area along its length to minimize drag. 

1-6 Propeller 

A cast, non- fouling, high efficiency, low vortexing, hollow hub propeller shall be used. The propeller 

shall be made of stainless steel. An integral diffuser shall be included as part of the propeller. 

1-7 Aerator – Motor Coupling 

A flexible coupling shall be used between the motor and aerator shafts, which take up parallel or angular 

misalignment between the aerator and motor shafts. The coupling shall be a woods type or equal with 

replaceable sleeve. 

1-8 Motor Mount 

Each aerator shall be provided with a stainless steel motor mount incorporating two pins that fit into a 

mounting cradle and allows the aerator to be easily rotated from nearly vertical to nearly horizontal. A bolt 

circle shall be provided on the mounting cradle, which allows the aerator to be secured at various angles. 

The motor mount shall be of such design to allow the removal of either the motor or the aerator section for 

service without dismantling the entire aerator from the float system. 

1-9 Aerator Motor 

All motors furnished shall comply with all applicable provisions of the standards of the National Electric 

Manufacturing Association (NEMA). Each motor shall be standard TEFC (totally enclosed, fan cooled) 

have a service factor of 1.1 or greater, and be NEMA C- face design. No special fittings, faceplates, or 

special design motors shall be used. Thrust loads shall not be placed on the motor bearings. All motors will 

operate at 380 VAC, 50 or 60 Hertz phase, 97% efficiency, ~900 – 1450 RPM. 

1-10 Cold Weather Operation 

The aerator shall be self-heating and not require heat tape, thermal packs, or other special winter devices to 

prevent excessive ice building. The aerator shaft shall be sealed from the environment along the majority 

of its length to prevent ice from freezing around the shaft during off periods. 

1-11 Factory Testing 

Each aerator shall be tested at the factory for proper operations, lubrication, and dry amp draw. A test sheet 

certifying proper operation shall be shipped with each aerator. 

1-12 Spare Equipment 

A spare motor, motor coupling, and shaft identical to those provided for the aeration equipment shall be 

provided. 



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SECTION 6 

SUBMERSIBLE PUMP & PISTON JET PUMP 


1.1 Description 

This section covers the works necessary to furnish and install one submersible pump, and 

accessories at the return wastewater pump station, and to furnish one portable submersible pump, 

one portable submersible drainage pump, power cords, hoses, and couplings as specified 

hereinafter. 

1-1 Relates Work 

The requirements of Sections GENERAL EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL STIPULATIONS 

and SUBMITTALS shall apply to all equipment furnished under this section. Other items of work 

that relate to this section include, but are not limited to, the following: 

PLUMBING 

Division 16 - ELECTRICAL 


Complete fabrication, assembly, and installation drawings, together with detailed pump curves, 

specifications and data covering materials used, part list, devices, and furnished shall be 

submitted in accordance with the submittal section. 

PART 2 - PRODUCTS 

2.1 General Requirements 

The pump shall be manufactured by the same manufacturer and shll be heavy duty, non- clog 

type with oil filled double mechanical shaft seals, and gray cast iron impellers. 

Pump Motor shall be suitable for across- the- line starting and the name plate horsepower ratings 

shall not be exceeded at any point on the head capacity curves. Motors shall be as follows: 

Drainage Pump – Single phase, 220 V. 50 Hz. 

All other pumps – 3 phase, 380 V. 50 Hz. 

The Contractor shall provide each wastewater return pump with a heavy duty, waterproof power 

cable of length necessary to properly fit in the fixed installations suitable for submerged service. 

He shall provide a minimum of 12 meters of unspliced cable for each of the 2 portable pumps, 

terminating with plugs to match the extension power cords on reels specified hereinafter. The 12- 

meter long cords shall be connected to the motors and sealed at the factory for submersible 

service. 

2-2 Capacities 


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Pump capacities shall be as follows: 

Location No. Capacity At Total Dynamic Head 

Portable Pump 1 60 m3/hr 10 meters 

2-3 Portable Pump 

The Contractor shall furnish one 25-meters long power cord on a self winding reel. Cord shall be 

4 x 4 + 2.5 mm2 PVC/PVC insulated cable. It shall start and end with 3 phase plug and socket 

outlet, respectively, of an industrial type with a rating of 32 amps conforming with CEE 17. The 

reel shall be fitted with an automatic three phase overload circuit breaker rated at 10 A installed 

between the reel plug and socket outlet. He shall provide a 25-meter length of discharge hose 

with the same diameter as the pump discharge connection. The hose shall be tube and cover PVC 

reinforced with synthetic spiral wrapped fiber. The hose shall have a rated working pressure of 

not less than 3.5 kg/cm2 and shall lay flat for coiling when not in use. Furnish complete with two 

aluminum coupling (one spare) for coupling the hose to the pump. 

2-4 Spare Parts and Special Tools 

The following items shall be furnished for each of the 6 pumps included in this Section: 

A. 1 set of upper and lower seal assemblies: 2 total 

B. 2-wear ring; 2 total 

A. 1 complete set of O – rings: 2 total 

One set of special tools shall be furnished for each type of pump supplied, i.e., a total of 4 sets of 

special tools. 

PART 3 - EXECUTION 

3-1 Installation 

No special installations are needed. The pump shall be dropped into the lagoon by a truck lifting 

crane. 

3-2 Electrical 

Electrical workmanship shall be as specified under Section ELECTRICAL. 

3-3 Operation and Maintenance Manuals 

Operation and Maintenance Manuals shall be submitted as specified in Section SUBMITTALS. 

3-4 Piston Jet Pump 

The contractor shall supply and furnish a mobile piston jet pump European made such as “Interpump” 

or approved equal 3 phase motor and 10 HP, not direct coupling (with coupling) with a 

high quality and efficient by-pass and 18 mt high pressure hose 4 layers with gun turbo nozzle 

and overload electric switch Seamens and waterproof box. 



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SECTION 7 

SLUICE GATES, SLIDE GATES, AND SHEAR GATES 



This section covers all work necessary to furnish and install all sluice gates, slide gates, and shear 

gates required for the project. Sluice and slide gates shall be furnished with frames, slides, seals 

if required, guides, extension stems, hand wheel operators, and all necessary parts and 

appurtenances for a complete, properly operating installation. Shear gates shall be furnished 

complete including lifting handles of the required lengths. 

Aluminum stop sliding gates fitted with either aluminum rod or tubing handles and weir-sliding 

gates with standard section handles or slot grip handles are covered under Section FABRICATED 

METALWORK. 

1-1.01 Related Work. 

A. General Equipment and Materials Stipulation. 

The General Equipment and Material Stipulations shall apply to all equipment 

furnished under this section. 

B. Work Specified Elsewhere. 

Other items that relate to and are referenced in this section include, but are not limited 

to, the following sections: 

Submittals, Equipment Schedule, and Painting 


The Codes and Standards generally applicable to the work of this section are listed below. Codes 

and Standards current at the time of bid shall be used unless otherwise indicated. 

1-2.01 ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials. 

A48 

Gray Iron Castings, Specifications for 

A120 Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot – Dipped Zinc – Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless 

for Ordinary Uses, Specifications for 

A126 

A921 

Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges and Pipe Fittings, Specification for 

Naval Brass Rod, Bars and Shapes, Specification for 

A 8221 Aluminum-alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Shapes, and Tubes, Specification for 

A8308 Aluminum-alloy Standard Structural Shapes, Rolled or Extruded Specification for 

A 276 Stainless and Heat Resisting Steel Bars and Shapes, Specification for 


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1-2.02 AWWA – American Water Works Association 

C501 

Standard for Sluice Gates 

1-2.03 AISI American Iron Steel Institute. 

1-3 Quality Assurance 

1-3.01 Governing Standards 

Except as modified or supplemented herein, all sluice and slide gates shall conform to applicable 

requirements of AWWA C501. 


Complete drawings, details and specifications covering all gates, construction details, and their 

appurtenances shall be submitted in accordance with the Submittals Section. 

Each drawing shall be identified with the gate size and head indicated. Data to be furnished by 

Contractor and manufacturer are as stipulated in AWWA C501 or latest revision. 

1-5 Product Handling 

1-5.01 Preparation for shipment 

All gates under this section shall be complete with all parts and appurtenances when shipped. 

All equipment shall be suitably packaged to facilitate handling and protection against damage 

during transit and storage. Frames of sluice and slide gates shall be provided with corner bracing, 

plywood sheet backing, or other means that will rigidly hold the frames in proper alignment 

during shipment, storage, and installation. The bracing or backing shall be factory applied and 

shall not be removed until the gates have been installed. 

Painted surfaces shall be protected against impact, abrasion, discoloration, and other damage. All 

painted surfaces, which are damaged prior to acceptance of equipment, shall be repainted to the 


Grease and lubricating oil shall be applied to metal sliding surfaces prior to shipment. 


2-1 Materials 

2-1.01 Materials for Sluice Gates 

Frames, Slides, Hand wheel 

Guides 

Cast Iron, ASTM A-126, Class B 

Galvanized Structural Steel ASTM 

A – 36 Calve. Per ASTM A 123 

Wedge Bronze ASTM B98, Alloy Lock nut 651,655 or 661. 


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Thrust Nut 

Bronze, ASTM8584,Alloy 865. Low-zinc bronze. 

Extension Stems Naval Brass Rod – 8-21. 

Stem Guides Bronze ASTM 8584, Alloy 865 

Stem Guide Bushing Bronze, ASTM B21, Alloy 482 

Operator Lift Nut 

Bronze, ASTM D5A4, 111oy965. 

Anchor Bolts and Nuts Stainless Steel . 

2-1.02 Materials for Slide gates Aluminum, ASTM B209, Frames, 

Guides, slides, B221 or B308, Alloy 6061 Reinforcing 

Members and Yoke Beams for slide gates 

Flush Bottom Closure 

Compressible Neoprene 

Seal for slide gates 

Operating Stems Stainless Steel, ASTM A- 276, Type 303, 304 or 316. 

Flush Bottom Seals 

Rubber, ASTMC – 2000 and “J” Both Stainless Steel, 

ASTM A 276 Type 304 or 316. 

2-1.02 Materials for Shear Gates 

Frame, Cover, Lifting Cast from, ASTM A – 126. 

Lug and Handle Class 8. 

Hinge Bolt and 

Bronze 

Lug Bolt 

Assembly Bolts 

Galvanized Steel 

Mounting Type 

Hang Back. 

2-2 Performance and Design Requirements 

Gates shall be designed to fit into the structures as indicated on the Drawings. Sluice gates are 

circular in shape, shall have maximum unseating heads of not less than 3.0 meters and maximum 

seating heads of not less 5 meters. Slide gates with either square or rectangular shape shall have 

seating head of not less than 5 meters. 

2-3 Construction 

2-3.01 Frame 

For sluice gates the frame shall be cast in one piece. All surfaces forming joints or bearings shall 

be machined. The frame shall be of flat back type. Frames for sluice gates having top and bottom 

wedges shall have integrally cast pads machined with key ways to receive wedge seats. 

The slide gate frame shall be a rigid, welded unit, composed of the guide rails, crosses bars, and 

head rails with a clear opening the same size as the waterway. They shall be flat back. The bottom 

of each slide gate frame shall be recessed so that the waterway is not obstructed. A compressible 

seal shall be securely attached to the bottom of the slide or to the frame invert. The seal shall be 

of sufficient length to the seal bottom corners of each slide. 

2-3.02 Side Guides. 


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2-3.03 Slides. 

Side guides of sluice gates shall be bolted or integrally cast with the frame and machined on all 

bearing and contact faces. Wedges or wedge facings shall be securely attached to the points, 

where in the closed position, they will make full contact with the wedging surfaces or the slides. 

For slide gates, the guides shall be extruded aluminum incorporating a dual slot design. The 

primary slot will accept the plate of the slide (disc) and the secondary slot will be sufficiently 

wide to accept the reinforcing ribs of the disc. The guides shall be designed for maximum 

rigidity. All guides shall be a sufficient length to support two-thirds (2/3) the height of the slide, 

when the gate is fully open. 

The yoke to support the operating device shall be formed by members welded or bolted at the top 

of the guides. 

The yoke shall be sufficiently strong to support the lift forces when subjected to a load of 40 kg 

pull on the operator. 

Additional members shall be added to the frame as specified in this specification, for flush bottom 

closure, and “j” bulb seals. 

For sluice gates, slides shall be one-piece construction with stiffening ribs. Each slide shall have 

fully machined tongues running the full length of each side to properly engage corresponding 

grooves in the guides. Machined dovetail grooves shall be provided in the back face to retain 

seating faces. 

Slides of slide gates shall have a thickness of not less than 6mm. Slides shall be adequately 

reinforced to withstand, without permanent distortion, the maximum thrust which can be 

transmitted by the opening stem. Each slide shall have a reinforced pocket or internally threaded 

nut welded to the slide for connection of the stem. The pocket or nut shall be designed to 

withstand the maximum thrust, which can be transmitted by the operating stem. 

2-3.04 Wedges 

Wedges shall be bronze. All sluice gates shall have adjustable side wedging devices for all head 

conditions to provide contact between the slide and frame facings when the gate is in the closed 

position. Wedges are to be fully adjustable and designed to remain in a fixed position after 

adjustment. 

2-3.05 Seating Faces 

2-3.06 Stems 

Seating faces shall be made of strips of rolled or extruded bronze. They shall be firmly secured in 

finished grooves in the frame and slide faces in such a way as to ensure that they will remain in 

place, free from distortion and loosening during the life of the gate. Seating faces shall be so 

finished that the maximum clearance shall not exceed 0.10 mm between seating surfaces with the 

slide in the fully closed position. 

Each gate shall be provided with a rising stem. All stems shall be of sufficient size to withstand, 

without permanent distortion, the forces from the hand wheel. 

Where stems are furnished in more than one piece, the sections shall be joined by solid threaded 

couplings of the same material as the stem. Couplings shall be securely attached to stem sections 

and shall utilize a key, bolts, or set screws to prevent stem rotation. 


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2-3.07 Stem Guides 

Stem guides shall be so constructed that when properly spaced they will hold the stem in 

alignment and not yet allow it enough play to permit easy operation. Each stem guide shall 

consist of a guide housing with replaceable bronze brushings and a mounting bracket. The guide 

shall be sufficiently adjustable with respect to the bracket to provide proper concentric alignment 

with the stem. 

2-3.08 Thrust Nut 

Each sluice gate shall be provided with a bronze thrust nut for connecting the stem to the slide. 

The thrust nut shall be threaded and pinned to the stem. 

2-3.09 Flush Bottom Closures 

Slide gates shall be furnished with a flush seal arrangement. A resilient neoprene seal with a 

minimum width exposed face of 20 mm shall be securely attached to the frame along the invert 

and shall extend to the depth of the primary slot. 

2-3.10 Shear Gates 

Shear gates shall be bronze wedged and bronze sealed. Wedges shall be removable for 

replacement due to wear. Seat paces shall be machined. Gates shall have flanged mounting backs. 

2-4 Fabrication and Manufacture 

The gates shall be completely assembled in the shop to ensure that all parts fit together properly. 

Sluice gates shall be primed and coated with manufacturer’s standards finish for sluice gates in 

sewage service. All paint-finished coats shall be shop-applied as per the manufacturer’s standards 

and instructions. Machined or bearing surfaces and the holes, both plain and threaded, shall be 

coated with protective until installation. 

All surfaces of aluminum frames for slide gates, which will be in contact with concrete, mortar, 

grout, or dissimilar metals shall be wash primed and coated at the factory with the coal tar paint, 

as specified in Section PAINTING. 

Hand wheel and other ferrous metal surfaces, except stainless steel, shall be finish shop painted as 

specified above. 

PART 3 – EXECUTION 


All gates shall be thoroughly cleaned and installed in strict conformance with the manufacturer’s 

recommendations, as approved. All anchor bolts and necessary bolt setting plates shall be 

provided by the manufacturer and unless otherwise approved shall be cast-in-place during 

concrete placement. Threads shall be protected and shall be cleaned before nuts are started. Two 

nuts shall be provided for each anchor bolt. 

Each gate shall be carefully installed and adjusted proper operations. Care shall be taken to avoid 

warping the gate frames and to maintain tolerances between seating faces. 

All bolts shall be tightened and all items requiring lubrication shall be lubricated. Following the 

completion of each gate installation, the gate shall be operated through at least one complete 


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open-close-open cycle, readjusted and re-operated as required, and left in perfect operating 

condition. 



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SECTION 8 

SEWER PIPE INSTALLATION AND TESTING 

PART 1 – GENERAL 


This section covers installation and testing of all pipe used for sewage or drainage purposes. 

1-1.01 Related Work 

Other items of work that relate to and are in this section include, but are not limited to, the 

following sections: 

General Equipment and Material Stipulations 

Submittals 

HDPE Pipes 

UPVC Pipe and Fittings 

Reinforced Concrete Cylindrical Pipes 

Plumbing 


Codes and standards current at the time of bid shall be used. 


Pipe, fittings, and appurtenances shall be transported, stored, and handled in a manner, which 

prevents damage. Hooks shall not be permitted to contact joint surfaces. Plastic pipe shall be 

shaded if necessary to prevent curvature due to thermal expansion. Damaged pipe shall be 

removed from the site. 

PART 2 – PRODUCTS 

2-1 Materials 

In general, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, gravity sewers 

shall be constructed of bell and spigot PVC and concrete pipe as specified. Where sewer crosses 

over a water line, or if the sewer is within 50 cm vertically or 3 m horizontally of a water line, 

ductile iron pipe shall be substituted for the PVC and concrete sewer pipe as described in the 

laying water pipes and sewers in trenches. 

PART 3 – EXECUTION 

3-1 Preparation 


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3-1.01 Cleaning 

The interior of all pipe and fittings shall be thoroughly cleaned before installation and shall be 

kept clean until the work has been accepted. All joint contact surfaces shall be kept clean until 

the joint is completed. 

Every precaution shall be taken to prevent foreign material from entering the pipe during 

installation. No debris, tools, clothing, or other materials shall be placed in the pipe. 

Whenever pipe laying is stopped, the open end of the pipe shall be closed with an end board 

closely fitting the end of the pipe, to keep sand and earth out of the pipe. The end board shall 

have several small holes near the center to permit water to enter the pipe and prevent flotation in 

the event of the trench. 

3-1.02 Alignment 

Piping shall be laid to the lines and grades indicated on the Drawings. Substantial batter boards 

shall be erected at intervals of not more than 8 meters. Batter boards shall be used to determine 

and check pipe sub grades. Not less than three batter boards shall be maintained in proper 

position at all times when trench grading is in progress. 

Other methods of maintaining alignment and grade, such as use of laser beam equipment or 

surveying instruments, will be considered, provided complete information describing the 

proposed method is submitted to the Engineer for review before pipe laying is started. 

Piping which deviates more than 1.5 cm from true alignment or 1.0 cm from true grade shall be 

rejected. 


3-2.01 Laying Pipe 

Lateral displacement of the pipe shall be prevented during embedment operations. Pipe shall not 

be laid in water, nor under unsuitable weather or trench conditions. 

Pipe laying shall begin at the lowest elevation with bell ends facing the direction of laying 

except when reverse laying is permitted by the Engineer. 

3-2.02 Jointing 

All joint preparation and jointing operations shall comply with the instructions and 

recommendations of the pipe manufacture. Immediately before joints are pushed together, all 

joint surfaces intended to be lubricated shall be coated with the lubricant furnished with the pipe. 

The position and condition of each rubber gasket (unbounded gaskets) shall be checked with a 

feeler after the joint is completed. 

3-2.03 Wye Branches. 

Wye branches shall be installed at locations as indicated on the Drawings. Wye branches shall 

be installed with the pipe barrel rotated so that the branch leg is titled upward 30 degrees with 

the horizontal expect where slope of main sewer exceeds 20%. See Drawings. Wye branches 

shall not be covered until each location has been recorded. 

Each unextended wye branch for future house connection shall be marked wih a wooden or 

plastic strip extending from the wye vertically to within 100 mm of the ground surface. Markers 


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shall be securely anchored and maintained vertical until backfilling has been completed. If the 

house connection is not to be made immediately, branches shall be closed with a suitable plug. 

3-2.04 PVC Pipe 

PVC pipe fitting shall be installed in accordance with AWWA Manual M23, PVC Pipe Manual. 

3-2.05 Ductile Iron Pipe . 

Ductile iron pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordance with Section DUCTILE IRON 

PIPING AND FITTINGS. 

3-2.06 Reinforced Concrete Gravity Pipes . 

Reinforced Concrete Gravity pipes shall be compatible with Palestinian Institute Standards PS 

49 class III /175 all according to Table 6 of the PS 49. 

3-3 Field Quality Control 

3-3.01 Acceptance Tests. 

Each reach of sewer shall meet the requirements of the following acceptance tests. All defects 

shall be required to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 

A. Lamping. 

Unless otherwise indicated on the Drawings, each section of sewer line between 

manholes shall be straight and uniformly graded. Each such section will be lamped by 

the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer. 

B. Watertightness Tests. 

Prior to acceptance, gravity sewers and appurtenances shall successfully pass a 

hydrostatic or air test to demonstrate Watertightness. Sewer sections to be tested having 

combined lengths and slopes that if filled with water to a hydrostatic pressure of one 

meter at the lower end shall be air tested. Other test sections may be tested 

hydrostatically or by air at the Contractor’s option. 

A watertightness test shall be conducted on the first reach of sewer to be installed, and 

on such subsequent reaches as is directed by the Engineer. (A “reach of sewer” is 

defined as a section of sewer between a given manhole and the next manhole upstream 

or upslope.) The first line between manholes shall be tested before backfilling and 

before any sewer pipe is installed in the remainder of the work. Thereafter, testing shall 

be done after backfilling and individual or multiple reaches may be tested at one time as 

approved by the Engineer. 

B-1 Hydrostatic Test 

B-1.1 

Test Procedure. 

The test pressure shall be 1-meter head of water at the highest point of the section under 

test. The length of each section to be tested shall not exceed 100 meters or the run 

between manholes if the manholes are more widely spaced, and the pressure at the 

lowest point shall not exceed 10 meters head of water. Whenever possible, testing of 


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sewers shall be carried out from manhole to manhole. Short branch sewers connected to 

a main sewer between manholes may be tested as one system with the main sewer. 

Long branch sewers shall be tested separately. 

Both ends of the sewer to be tested as well as inlets and outlets to manholes and other 

connections in between shall be sealed effectively. 

At the upper end of the sewer, a gage glass shall be connected to the sealing plug to 

enable the observation of the water level during the test. The gage glass shall have an 

inner diameter of about 50 mm and shall be provided with a mark located at 1.0 meter 

above the top of the sewer. An air vent and a cock shall also be installed at the same end 

for release of air during the filling of water for the testing. The air vent shall be 

connected to the sewer so that air can be released. The trench shall be kept free of all 

water during the test. 

The sewer shall be filled with water for a minimum period of 2 hours and maximum 

period of 24 hours before the test is to begin to allow for soaking period and a complete 

release of air. The water level shall be kept at the mark of the gage glass during the 

whole soaking period. The test shall be carried out immediately after the soaking 

period. For PVC pipe, the soaking period may be shortened to 1 hour. 

B-1.2 

Allowable Leakage. 

Leakage is defined as the quantity of water which must be supplied to the laid sewer 

during 10 minutes to maintain the specified water level after the sewer has been filled 

with water, the air expelled, and the soaking period ended. The additional quantity of 

water supplied to the sewer shall be measured within an accuracy of 1.0 liter. The sewer 

will be accepted with respect to watertightness if the quantity of water added during 10 

minutes is less than the quantity calculated below. 

The maximum permissible quantity of water which may be supplied to the line during 

the test for the line to pass the leakage test is as follows: 

Q= 0.10 x L x d1/2(1+1 x L + d) 

2 2 

Where Q= quantity of water added in liters during 10 minutes 

1 = gradient of line in meters per meter 

L = length of line in meters 

d = inner diameter of pipe in meters 

For sewer lines with more than one pipe dimension, the maximum permissible quantity 

of water, Q total, which may be supplied to the line during the test is as follows: 

Qtotal = Q1 + Q2………..+ Qn 

Where Qtotal quantity of water added in liters during 10 minutes. 

Q1, Q2, Qn quantity of water for respective pipe dimensions caculated by above formula 

B-2 Air Test 


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B-2.1 

Test Procedure. 

After all plugs are in place and securely blocked, the Contractor shall introduce air 

slowly into the pipe section to be tested until the internal air pressure reaches 0.3 

kg/cm2, greater than the average back pressure of any ground water that may submerge 

the pipe. He shall allow a minimum of 2 minutes for the air temperature to stabilize, and 

determine the height of the ground – water table, at the time of the test, as specified for 

hydrostatic testing. 

Pipe and joints being air tested shall be considered satisfactory when tested at an 

average pressure of 0.2 kg/cm2 greater than the average back pressure of any ground 

water that may submerge the pipe, when (A) the total rate of air loss from the section 

being tested does not exceed 3.5 cu. m/hr., or (B) the section of the line does not lose air 

at a rate greater than 0.055 cu. m/hr. per square meter of internal pipe surface. 

The Contractor shall provide at his own expense all equipment; labor. Tools, water, and 

materials necessary and carry out testing. Should any of these tests fail, the Contractor 

shall, after repairing all leaks, carry out further tests, all as above described, until such 

tests meet with the requirements contained herein. All such tests, repair, and retests shall 

be at the expense of the Contractor. 



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PIPING SCHEDULE 

Legend 

(see note 4) 

Service 

Material 

(see note 2) 

Spec. No. 

Size (in.) 

(see note 1) 

Installation 

(see note 5) 

Max. Oper. 

Press. (kPag) 

Test Press. and 

Method (psig) 

(see note 3) 

Max. Oper. 

Temp. (F) 

Color Code 

Base/Stripe (see 

notes 6, 7, 8) 

Color Description 

Base/Stripe 

Remarks 

(Some remarks are general and may not be specifically called out.) 

D Drain, Sanitary See Spec Mech.08.126 All Buried/Exposed - - - - 5019P Light Gray Test per local Plumbing Code. 

FILL Fuel Oil Fill STL Mech.08.126 All All 345 75, H 100 2754/2749 Safety Yellow/Safety Green 

FUEL Fuel Oil STL Mech.08.126 All All 345 75, H 100 2754/2749 Safety Yellow/Safety Green 

HW Hot Water (Potable) CU Mech.08.126 All All 485 105, H 110 5205R Kentucky Blue See Remark 1. 

OA Odorous Air HDPE Mech.08.126 All Buried - - - - - - N/A N/A See Remark 2. 

OF Overflow CLDI Mech.08.126 All All N/A 10(feet), H - - 5030P Seagull 

OVF Overflow Pipe (Sanitary Sewer) RCP All Buried - - - - - - No color No color See Remark 3 

PA Process Air SST Mech.08.126 All Exposed N/A N/A 

SST 15200-08 All Submerged 50 75, H 250 N/A N/A 

CLDI 15200-01 All Buried N/A N/A 

PD Process Drain PVC Mech.08.126 =4 Buried/Exposed 5216R Griffin Gray 

SPD Sump Pump Discharge PVC Mech.08.126 All All 5162P Classic Aqua 

SAN Sanitary Sewer RCP Mech.13.148 All Buried 70 15, H - - No color No color 

V Vent, Sanitary See Spec All Exposed - - - - - - 5019R Light Blue Gray Test per local Plumbing Code. 

W1 Potable Water CU Mech.13.148 All Buried/Exposed 485 105, H - - 5205R Kentucky Blue See Remark 1. 

W2 Plant Service Water CU All Buried/Exposed 485 105, H - - 5173P Medium Blue See Remark 1. 

Notes: 

Remarks: 

1) > Greater Than 3) H - Hydrostatic Test 

1) Insulate as specified in Section 15250 of American Standards 

< Less Than P - Pneumatic Test 

2) HDPE OA pipe shall have a 50 psi pressure rating and SDR (standard dimension ratio) = 32.5 

= Greater Than or Equal To 4) Where piping carries two or more service 

designations the piping material shall conform to 

the requirement for the first service listed. (e.g. 

BSD/PD would require the material used for BSD 

piping). 

2) CISP - Cast Iron Soil Pipe 

CLDI - Cement Lined Ductile Iron 

CU - Copper 

HDPE - High Density Polyethylene 

PVC - Polyvinyl Chloride 

RCP - Reinforced Concrete Pipe 

SST - Stainless Steel 

STL - Carbon Steel 

5) Installations: 

Exposed or Exp. - Inside and Outside Exposed 

Sub. - Submerged 

Bur. - Buried or encased in concrete 

6) Color code applies to exposed piping only. 

Arabtech Jardaneh Palestine 

Piping Schedule



SECTION 9 

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 

General 


This section covers laboratory equipment and supplies. 

1-1.01 Related Work. 

The GENERAL EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL STIPULATIONS shall apply to all 

equipment and materials furnished under this section. 


1-2.01 Drawings, Data, and Manuals. 


1-2.01 Drawings, Data, and Manuals. 

Drawings , specifications descriptive data, and complete information concerning all laboratory 

equipment and supplies, shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before the materials are 

shipped to the project. Operation and maintenance manuals shall be submitted in accordance 

with the Submittal Section. 

1-2.02 Laboratory Operation and Maintenance Manual. The Contractor shall prepare and deliver two 

(2) copies of an overall laboratory operation and maintenance manual covering all items of 

operable equipment furnished under this section. These manuals shall be placed in the 

laboratory for the use of the laboratory personnel. 

The manual shall consist of a compilation of the manufacturer’s operation and maintenance 

manuals, and shall contain detailed instructions and specifications relative to the assembly, 

alignment, checking, placing in operation, adjustment, and maintenance of each item of operable 

equipment specified hereunder, together with complete parts lists, test data and curves, where 

applicable, and copies of all shop drawings and data required by these specifications. The 

manual shall be in addition to any instructions or parts list packed with or attached to the 

equipment. 

Each copy of the manual shall be neatly tabbed and indexed, and bound in stiff vinyl-covered 

three-ring notebook, with suitable pocket inserts as necessary for folded oversize drawings and 

diagrams. 


1-3.01 Shipping and Handling. 

All equipment and supplies furnished under this section shall be adequately protected during 

transportation, in storage at the Work Site, and during subsequent installation and construction 


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activities. Repair of minor damages may be made where permitted by the Engineer, will be 

rejected and shall be replaced with undamaged units. 

Products 

2-1 Equipment 

The Contractor shall furnish and install the following equipment items: 

2-1.01 Refrigerator. 

The refrigerator (low temperature) shall be of the type and shall have not less than 200-liter total 

capacity; total shelf capacity; total shelf capacity of 0.7 sq.m. temperature range in refrigerator 

50° C to 50° C; with three removable shelves; hermetically sealed compressor and motor; all 

electrical switches and thermostat to be explosion proof; 876 mm high x 622 mm x 606 mm 

wide; for 220 volts, 50 Hz operation, 1000 watts, 50 kg. The refrigerator shall be furnished with 

an explosion-proof line seal connector ready for final connection. 

2-1.02 Oxygen Meter. 

The oxygen meter shall be designed to measure dissolved oxygen in water as its primary 

function. It shall be portable, battery operated, and furnished with leather carrying case and 

oxygen sensor, one battery operated stirring arrangement, and one full set of spare batteries. 

2-1.03 pH Meter 

The meter shall be portable, battery, or line operated, to have solid-state circuits, and a scale of 

0-14 pH units in 0.05 increments. The meter shall be equipped with slope adjustment for 

improved precision, including combination electrode, line converter, and carrying case. 

2-2 Miscellaneous Items 

The Contractor shall furnish the following items: 

2-2.01 Polyethylene bottles. 

Furnish 4 each of 2 liter capacity; 3 liter capacity and 1 liter capacity. The bottles shall be of 

molded polyethylene in one piece to eliminate leakage, with wide mouths and leakage-proof 

screw caps. 

2-2.02 First Aid Kit 

The first aid kit shall be of the medium size industrial grade type having a balanced assortment 

of first aid items that are visible and ready to use. The kit shall be contained in a 24 gauge steel 

case. The inner shelf shall form a convenient work-table when the kit is fastened to the wall 

with a storage area provided for storing reserve stock. Complete with carrying handle for easy 

portability, the kit is to contain the following: cotton-tipped applicators, gauge pads and 

bandages, surgical gauze, Acme cotton U.S.P.. waterproof adhesive tape and zip strips, 

ophthalmic pads, buckle tourniquet, ammonia inhalants, splint, scissors, tweezers, cotton balls, 

triangular bandage, elastic bandage, tongue depressors, aspirin, calamine lotion, instant cold 

packs, isopropyl alcohol, first aid handbook and wall card, antiseptic and burn ointments, eye 

ointment, ammonia ampoules, merthiolate, mouth-to-mouth rescue breather and brochure, 

antiseptic wipes, pencil and pad, content card, Ziploc bags, 400 mm wide x 250 mm deep x 120 

mm high; 6 kg. 

2-2.03 Goggles, plastic 


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Goggles must be suitable for wearing over prescription glasses, and must be suitable for 

protection against splashing from acid, alkalies, and flying particles. Ventilation is to be 

provided by indirect louvers. Both lenses and frames to be clear plastic; lens to be 1.27 mm 

polycarbonate. 

2-2.04 Graduated Cylinders. 

Cylinders shall be calibrated polymethylpentene, with large bases and pour spouts. Sizes shall 

be as follows: 

2-2.05 Imhoff Settling Cones. 

500 ml, 5.0 ml graduations; 2.6 ± ml 

1000 ml, 10.0 ml graduations ; 5.0 ± ml 

Cone support shall be styrene- acrylonitrile, with 1000 ml graduations; 0-1 ml in 0.1 ml 

subdivisions, 1-10 ml in 0.5 ml subdivisions, 40-100 ml in 2 ml subdivisions, with lines and 

numbers at 250, 500, and 1000 ml. Cones to be supplied with leak proof, polyethylene plug in 

bottom for withdrawing sediment. 

2-2.06 Imhoff Cone Supports. 

Cone support shall be kiln-dried basswood to hold up Imhoff cones. Furnish with black lacquer 

finish. 

2-2.07 Interval Timer. 

The timer shall have a range of 1\ 4 minute to 60 minute, and shall be spring -wound , 

Lever actuated, a bell signal at end of set time. Dimensions shall be not less than 57 mm x10 mm 

x115 mm. 

2-2.08 Thermometers 

Thermometers shall have a range of – 20° C to +150° C, and shall be of the partial immersion 

type with etched mark at immersion depth. The scale shall read -20° C to +150° C in 0.1° C 

subdivisions. The thermometers shall be mercury filled wit inert gas above mercury column, 332 

mm long. 

2-2.09 Fire Extinguisher. 

Multipurpose, dry chemical under pressure, capacity 2.27 kg , capable of extinguishing class A, 

B , and C fires . Extinguisher to be located inside the operations building by the entrance door, 

CO2 and Powder. 


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Execution 


3-1-01 Equipment Installation 

Skilled workmen shall perform installation of all laboratory equipment. All items shall be 

installed or set in place using methods and handling equipment, which will prevent damage of 

any kind. 



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SECTION 10 

FUEL OIL STORAGE TANKS 



A. This section covers the work necessary to furnish and install one horizontal, steel, 

aboveground fuel storage tanks, complete. 

B. Tank manufacturer shall be experienced in the design and construction of the kind of tank 

specified herein, and shall have furnished such similar size tanks for installations that have 

been in successful operation for a minimum of 10 years. 

C. All tanks provided under this Specification shall be UL listed for the intended product. 


A. Tanks and equipment shall be designed, fabricated, tested, inspected, and delivered in 

accordance with the latest issue of the following Standards: 

1. Underwriter’s Laboratories Subject 2085 (UL 2085) and 142 (UL 142). 

2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard No. 30. 

3. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70, National Electrical Code (NEC). 

4. American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 650 “Welded Steel Tanks for Oil 

Storage.” 

5. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Standards for Safety. 

6. Environmental Protection Agency, Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR Parts 280 

and 281. 

7. Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) National Fire Prevention Code 

Chapter 23. 

8. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Section 3R. 

B. Tanks and equipment shall meet or exceed local fire and safety codes. 


A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with Section 01300, Submittals, in Division 1, 

General Requirements. 

B. Shop Drawings and Product Data: 

1. Drawings showing dimensions, openings, connections, and construction details of 

the tank. Tank design data submitted shall include, but shall not be limited to: 

a. Tank size and overall dimensions. 

b. Wall steel and concrete thickness. 

c. Locations and details of nozzles and tank connections. 

d. Construction details plainly identifying materials of construction. 

e. Details of tank support legs and anchors. 

2. Catalogue cuts of instrumentation components. 

3. Description of quality assurance program to be utilized. 


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4. Installation details in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and 

instructions. 

5. Licensed Manufacturer’s Certificate. 

C. Quality Control Submittals: 

1. Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance: Applicable NFPA requirements, 

Underwriters Laboratory (UL) requirements, EPA secondary containment 

requirements, Uniform Fire Code requirements. 

2. Factory test results, reports, and certifications. 

3. Copies of fabrication, quality control, and testing records for actual tanks. 

4. Special shipping, storage and protection, and handling instructions. 

5. Manufacturer’s written/printed installation instructions. 


7. Manufacturer’s list of proposed spares, expendables, and test equipment. 

8. Operation and Maintenance Manuals. 

1.4 SPECIAL GUARANTEE 

A. Furnish manufacturer's extended guarantee or warranty, with Owner named as beneficiary, 

in writing, as special guarantee. Special guarantee shall provide for correction, or at the 

option of the Owner, removal or replacement if any material or labor is found defective 

during a period of 20 years after the date of Substantial Completion. Duties and obligations 

for correction or removal and replacement of defective Work as specified in General 

Conditions. 


3.1 GENERAL 

A. The use of a manufacturer’s name and model or catalog number is for the purpose of 

establishing the standard of quality and general configuration desired only. Other 

manufacturers’ equipment will be considered in accordance with the General Conditions. 


A. ConVault Mid-Atlantic, Inc. 

B. Or equal. 

3.3 FUEL STORAGE TANK 

A. Provide and install a single wall, steel, aboveground storage tank. The tank shall have a 

minimum capacity of 6000 liters with UL listing for thermal and ballistic protection. The 

tank shall be designed for aboveground storage of flammable and combustible liquids at 

atmospheric pressure with a minimum 2 hour fire rating. The tank shall comply with 

NFPA 30/30 codes. FIREGUARD - Above ground fuel storage tank 

B. The tank shall be fabricated per UL-142 of mild carbon steel with shell seams of 

continuous lap weld construction and offer the safety of 110% UL 2085 listed secondary 

containment. The tank shall have a grounding lug installed for lightning protection. 


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C. The tank shall be delivered with two factory supplied, welded on saddles. The tanks shall 

be mounted on a reinforced concrete base located outdoors in a concrete containment 

structure. 

D. The tank shall have emergency and manual vents as required by NFPA 30. 

E. The tank openings shall be threaded or flanged. As a minimum provide the following 

openings: 

1. One 50mm threaded – Normal Vent, complete with 2.5 meter riser. 

2. One 100mm flanged – Emergency Vent. 

3. One 75mm threaded – Product fill, with overfill protection device. 

4. One 25mm - Fuel Supply. 

5. One 25mm threaded – Fuel Return. 

6. One 450mm flanged – Manway. 

7. 50 mm condensate drain cock and plug. 

F. The tank shall be tested for tightness in the factory and the field before commissioning. If 

leaks are noted during the tests, the tanks shall be made tight by welding and retesting. 

G. Tank Emergency Vent: 

1. Provide 100mm emergency vent. Materials shall be aluminum for the cover and 

body and stainless steel spring. Sealing surface is to be teflon coated. 

2. Manufacturers and Products: OPW, Model 202 or equal. 

H. Shutoff and isolation valves shall be ball valves with bronze body, TFE seat and seal, 

threaded ends, and rated for 4000 kPa at 38°C. 

I. Tank Vent: 

1. Provide one 50mm aluminum open vent with 40 mesh brass screen and brass setscrews. 

2. Manufacturers and Products 

J. Vent: OPW, Model 23 or equal. 

K. The tank exterior shall be prepared, primed and finish coated in accordance with the table 

below. 


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L. Exposed Metal-Highly Corrosive: 

Surface Prep. Paint Material Min. Coats, Cover 

Abrasive Blast, or Epoxy Primer 

1 coat, 2.5 MDFT 

Centrifugal Wheel Blast 

(SP 5) 

Polyamide high build 

epoxy 

Polyurethane Enamel 

1 coat, 6 MDFT 

1 coat, 3 MDFT 

M. Provide fuel tank level gauge as follows: 

Type: - Pneumatic indicator mounted indoors utilizing 

hand air pump to obtain reading 

Components: - Hand pump and bellows 

- Wall-mounted dial type volume indicator, 

graduated in litres, range compatible with tank 

capacity, accuracy of ± 2% 

- Sufficient length of copper tubing to extend 

from gauge location to tank bottom 

Certification: - ULC listed 

Manufacturer and Model: - Levelometer Model No. 6705 or equal 

Tag Number - FST-L1 

N. Install copper tubing inside the tank within the drop pipe. 


A. Identification Plate: Identify each tank with the fabricator’s name, capacity in gallons, 

service, vessel number, vessel name, and date of manufacture. 

B. Lifting Lugs: Equipment weighing more than 100 pounds shall be provided with lifting 

lugs. 

C. UL Label: Include name of manufacturer and location of factory. 

D. Signage: Mark tanks on all sides with warning signs: “FLAMMABLE” or 

“COMBUSTIBLE,” “NO SMOKING,” product identification, and other signs as required 


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by the applicable codes. Signs shall be recessed in concrete exterior to ensure against 

damage. 

E. Bearing Pads: Provide continuous neoprene bearing pads of manufacturer’s standard design 

under each tank foot. Pads shall be not less than 25 mm thick, 60 Durometer, and 150 mm 

wider and longer than legs. 

PART 3 – MEXECUTION 

4.1 GENERAL 

A. Equipment provided under this section shall meet applicable local, state, and OSHA 

requirements. The tank system, including accessories, shall be installed in strict accordance 

with the manufacturer’s recommendations and applicable fire and environmental codes. 

B. Electrical work shall be in accordance with local codes and shall be rated for hazardous 

area as required. Tank shall be electrically grounded in accordance with NFPA 780. 

4.2 PREPARATION 

A. Local permits shall be obtained by Contractor prior to installation. 


A. Installation, handling, and storage of the tanks and associated monitoring systems shall be 

in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions. Care shall be taken not to 

damage the tank and accessories. 

B. Tank shall be installed on a reinforced concrete base slab as indicated on the Contract 

Drawings. Install neoprene bearing pads under legs of tanks as required by the 

manufacturer. 


A. Prior to final installation, tanks shall be visually inspected for impact damage which may 

have occurred during shipping, unloading, or storage. Tank shall then be tested for leaks by 

pressurizing the tank with air to a minimum pressure of 20.7 kPa, and a maximum pressure 

of 34.5 kPa for a minimum of 4 hours. While under pressure, a soap solution shall be 

applied at all piping connections to aid in the detection of leaks. If any drop in pressure or 

leaks are detected, the leaks shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturer’s written 

recommendations. Tank shall be repaired and retested until no leaks are detected. All 

testing shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written procedures. The 

Contractor, assisted by the manufacturer’s representative, shall perform the field testing. 

B. Prior to startup, all installed equipment shall be inspected for proper installation and 

connection by means of a Functional Test. Such tests shall include a leakage test with the 

tank full of clean fuel oil to verify that no liquid will leak from the installed tank. If any 

leaks are detected, the leaks shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturer’s written 

recommendations. The tank shall be repaired and retested until no leaks are detected. All 

testing shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written procedures. The 


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Contractor, assisted by the manufacturer’s representative, shall perform the functional 

testing. 

1. Contractor shall be responsible to arrange for, pay for, and coordinate delivery of the 

fuel oil to be used, from the Owner’s existing suppliers at the existing contract price. 

Completely fill the fuel oil storage tank at the completion of tank and generator 

testing. 

4.5 MANUFACTURER’S FIELD SERVICES 

A. Furnish manufacturer’s Authorized Representative at Work site to perform field services, 

including as necessary, installation assistance, inspection, certification of installation, 

testing, startup assistance, and training of Owner’s personnel. 

B. Provide Manufacturer Certificates of Proper Installation for each tank. 

C. Furnish not less than 2 person-days, travel time excluded, to provide the necessary services. 

At least 1/2 person-day shall be for instructing Owner’s personnel at such time as requested 

by Owner. 

D. Furnish assistance, inspection, testing, startup, and certification services at such times as 

requested by Contractor. 


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SECTION 11 

FLOW MEASURING DEVICE AND PARSHALL FLUME CHANNEL 

A. FLOW MEASURING DEVICE 

The flow-measuring device shall be a float-actuated meter using a cylindrical or spherical float 

made of copper or stainless steel 316. The float will be installed in a stilling pipe connected to 

the Parshall flume. A counterweight will be attached, by means of a free pulley. The liquid level 

will be transmitted to a receiver situated in the office by means of a transmitter installed at the 

Parshall flume. The connection will be by reinforced cable laid in a trench and in a protective 

sleeve. An integrator will show the total flow reading in cu.m. and will have at least a six digit 

capacity. The rate of flow will be readable without having to lock any part of the mechanism. A 

recorder with a 30 cm diameter chart will be supplied. The driving motor will be a synchronous 

type with an off-on switch. It shall operate 240 volts, 50-cycle power supply. A spring drive 

(automatically wound) will be able to drive the chart for a 24-hour period when there is a power 

failure. The speed of the drive will be one revolution per week. 

The rates tendered shall include for the provision, calibration, and erection of the float and the 

receiver instrument and for the provision and fixing of all connecting tables, pipes, wiring, 

cables, ect., including the setting to work and site testing of the instruments. 

B. FIBERGLASS PARSHALL FLUME LINER 


Description 

This section covers supply and installation of a fiberglass Parshall flume liner as indicated 

on the Drawings. Flow metering equipment for the Parshall flume is included in Section 9. 

Related Work 

Other items of equipment and work that relate to and are referenced in this section include, 

but are not limited to, the following sections: 


Materials 

Submittals 

Cast-in-Place Concrete 

Instrumentation and Control 

Materials used shall be Plastic Laminate, Polyester or other suitable plastic reinforced with 

fiberglass, with gelcoat and top coat, to the following specification: 

Tensile Strength at 1000 Kg/sq. cm min., ASTM D638. 

Break 


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Flexural Strength 1700 Kg/sq. cm min., ASTM D790. 

Tangent Modulus of 900,000 min., ASTM D790. 

Elasticity 

Finished Thickness 

Within plus or minus 10 percent of nominal. 

Construction 

The Parshall flume liner shall conform to the dimensions shown on the plans and the 

requirements detailed below: 

The Throat width, shall be 250 mm 

The Throat length, shall be 300 mm 

The liner shall be accurate in all dimensions and shall include, in one integral piece, the 

approach, throat, and downstream sections. Each section shall have a floor and vertical 

sidewalls. The inside surfaces shall be smooth and free from irregularities. 

Flanges and anchors shall be provided as necessary on the outside surfaces to ensure that the 

liner will be permanently anchored to the concrete. 

The liner shall be stiffened and braced so that the deflection caused by concrete placement 

shall not exceed 2 mm at any point. Internal braces shall be readily removable after concrete 

is placed without damage to the inside surfaces of the liner. All permanent-reinforcing 

members shall be completely encased in plastic. 

The flume shall be shipped in one piece ready for setting in the channel formwork, prior to 

pouring of the concrete. The flume shall be furnished with tie strips bolted in place across 

the top of the flume to retain the vertical sides of the liner during concrete backfilling. These 

tie bars may be removed following setting of the backing concrete. 

The flume liner shall be fabricated in one piece utilizing corrosion resistant resin, reinforced 

with fiberglass mat to provide a minimum wall thickness of not less than 6 mm and a glass 

content not less than 30 percent by weight. Resin shall be resistant to raw sewage containing 

large amounts of hydrogen sulphide. 

The flume shall be equipped with a flush-mount mounting track and ground connection to 

accommodate installation of a Drexel brook Type admittance probes or be capable of track 

attachment. 


Installation 

The liner shall be carefully leveled and rigidly braced and anchored in position before the 

adjacent concrete is placed. 



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Rehabilitation and Expansion Works for the Existing WWTP in Jenin City 


SECTION 12 

AIR BLOWER SYSTEM 


Description 

This section covers the supply and installation of the following rotary positive displacement 

blowers complete with all appurtenances, including the air piping system and diffusers. Each 

air blower and diffuser system shall comprise a complete and workable system for the 

diffusion of low-pressure air into a channel of liquid and for convenient and regular 

maintenance of all components of the system: 

Number of blowers shall be supplied and installed as indicated and shown on drawings for 

Stage I of construction. 

Related Work 

Other items of work that relate to and are referenced in this section include, but are not 

limited to, the following sections: 

Submittals 

Concrete 

Pipe work 

Electrical Works 

Submittals 

Drawings, specifications, and other data showing complete details of the design, fabrication, 

materials used, and construction of the air blowers, drivers and diffuser system, together 

with complete data on operating conditions, curves, maintenance requirements, etc., shall be 

submitted in accordance with Section 3. 


Blower Units 

The blowers shall be rotary positive displacement, two lobe involute type, complete with 

accessories as described, and shall be electric motor driven through V-belt drivers. Blower 

shall be mounted as shown with inlets and outlets located 180 degrees apart at the right and 

left sides of the blower as shown. (Horizontal airflow) 

Speed of each shall not exceed 4000 rpm. 

The blower rotor casing shall be of high quality grey cast iron and shall be ribbed to prevent 

case distortion when operating at rated pressure. Inlet and outlet connections shall be 

flanged, 125 psi relating to AISI B16.1, threaded as per manufacturer's standards. 


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Each rotor and shaft shall be made from high tensile strength spheroidal graphite cast iron 

casting. The rotor shall be of the straight, two lobe involute type and shall operate without 

rubbing on liquid seals of lubrication and shall be positively timed by a pair of accurately 

machined heat-treated alloy steel, spur tooth, timing gears. The timing gears shall be 

mounted on the rotor shafts on a tapered fit and secured by a locknut. Each rotor/shaft shall 

be supported on a single row of ball bearings. 

There will be provided a positive oil seal at each bearing into the air stream. Further 

provision shall be made to vent the impeller side of the oil seal to atmosphere to eliminate 

any possible carry-over of lubricant into the air stream. 

Gear-end, oil lubricated, double row, angular contact ball bearings, combined radial and 

axial location of the gears and rotors. The oil filler prevents the entry of external dust and 

dirts, and the level plug prevent the possibility of over filling. 

The drive-end bearing single row shall be oil lubricated and shall be provided with a site 

glass,. The timing gears and the gear-end bearings shall be oil lubricated by splash from the 

gears dipping in oil. The oil level on the timing gears shall be regulated to the optimum by a 

metering orifice. 

V-belt Drive. 

V-belt drive shall be fixed speed type. An adjustable motor base shall be furnished allowing 

belt tension to be adjusted by turning a hand wheel. 

Equipment Base. 

A common base is to be supplied and mounted under each of the electric-driven blowers and 

their drive motors. The bases shall be fabricated of rigid steel, reinforced to withstand 

normal loading. Tack screws are to be provided for levelling bases. 

Blower Accessories. 

Suction and discharge flexible connectors shall be provided, silencers, filters, cocks, and 

valves on blowers shall be provided by the blower manufacturer as shown on the Drawings. 

Relief valves on blower discharge shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent damaging 

overloads on blower and drive. Valves shall be of the blower manufacturer's standard. 

Individual silencers shall be furnished for the inlet and discharge of each air blower. The 

shell shall be of commercial quality steel with welded seams. Provide unloading valves, 

which shall also be suitable for drainage of accumulated oil or water. Permitted noise levels 

shall not exceed 80 decibels at a distance of 1 m from the equipment housing. 

Filters on blower inlets shall be of the dry type. Provide manufacturer's standard flexible 

connection, check valves and isolation valves, safety valve on the blower discharge lines as 

shown on the Drawings, and furnish and install suitable mechanical couplings or adapters, if 

required, to connect the discharge isolation valves to the air pipeline to the solids contact 

tank. Provide 10 mm taps with brass stopcocks at the inlet and outlet of each blower as 

shown on the Drawings for connecting pressure, vacuum and temperature test gauges. 

The interior shall be thoroughly cleaned and sprayed with a rust preventive. All openings 

shall be covered to prevent re-entry of dirt or other foreign matter. 

Motors 


137 

Mechanical Works



Motors shall be 1500 rpm, 50 cycles per second, 3 Phase, 380 V. Motors shall be drip-proof 

and torque design to NEMA B. They shall be designed for continuous duty at an ambient 

temperature of 40 degrees C. Motors to have manufacturer's standard bearings with rated life 

of 50,000 hours. Motor Windings are to be copper. Insulation is to be Class F. 

Motors shall be mounted on adjustable rails for belt tension adjustment on a common base 

supplied for the blower unit. Motors shall be furnished and installed by the blower 

manufacturer and shall be matched with the blowers. 

Painting. 

The blower units, including motors, shall be shop primed and finish painted at the factory to 

the manufacturer's standard. 

Air Piping 

Pipe and fittings for air piping from the blowers to the diffusers shall be galvanized steel of 

the sizes shown on the Drawings. Materials and installation shall conform to applicable 

parts. Trench excavation and backfill shall conform to the requirements of that section. 

Isolation valves on each of the pipes extending down into the solids contact basin shall be 

bronze body, lever-operated ball valves. Provide a lever operator for each valve with the 

lever firmly attached to the operating nut. 

Air Diffusers. 

- Air diffusers for aerated grit chambers: 

Diffusers shall be non-metallic, coarse bubble, fixed to a horizontal stainless steel tube, 

connected to a stainless steel tube down comer. 

The air diffusion system shall furnish range of 7 liters per second per meter of the grit 

removal basin measured along the longitudinal axis. 

Blower Capacities 

The capacities of the blowers shall be as follows:- 

Blowers for Grit Chambers 

Flow rate: 324 Nm 3 /hr each 

Head: 

1 bar 

Motor KW: 3.4 

Spare Parts and Special Tools. 

The blower manufacturer shall include the following spare parts and tools in the shipment 

with the blowers: 

1 full set of bearings for each size of blower. 

1 full set of gears for each size of blower. 

4 replacement V-belts for each size of blower. 


138 

Mechanical Works



Any special tools required for maintenance or repair of the blower/driver units. 

Any other spare parts items recommended by the manufacturer. 

The Contractor shall furnish 10% extra diffusers as spare parts. 


The blowers and accessories shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's 

recommendations as approved. 

Installation 

All piping shall be supported to preclude the possibility of exerting undue forces or moments 

on the intake and outlet of the blowers. 

Misalignment caused by weight or stress shall be corrected and repairs made by the 

Contractor at his own expense. 

Electrical 

Electrical connections for blower motors shall be as specified in Section 9. 

Painting 

Units shall have been finish painted at the factory. Only field touch-up shall be required. 



139 

Mechanical Works



SECTION 13 

REINFORCED CONCRETE CYLINDER PIPE 




1. Palestinian Standards Institute – Standard No. PS 49 

2. American Water Works Association (AWWA): 

a. C300, Reinforced Concrete Pressure Pipe, Steel-Cylinder Type. 

b. M9 (Manual), Concrete Pressure Pipe. 

3. ASTM International (ASTM): C361, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete 

Low-Head Pressure Pipe. 

1.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 

A. Design pipe in accordance with AWWA C300 and Contract Drawings. 




a. Design calculations for pipe, reinforcing, fittings, welding. 

b. Complete data and fabrication plans for pipe, fittings, and joint details, including 

all reinforcement dimensions and spacing. 

c. Shop Drawings and laying diagrams showing the location of each pipe section. 

d. Type and amount of concrete admixtures. 

e. Welding procedure specifications. 

2. Samples: 

a. Aggregate. 


1. Test specimens, material, and manufacturing test reports. 

2. Letter from independent testing agency certifying that pipe furnished meets 

requirements of this section. 

3. Field Leakage Testing Plan: Submit at least 15 days prior to testing and at minimum, 

include the following: 

a. Testing dates. 

b. Piping systems and section(s) to be tested. 

c. Method of isolation. 

d. Method of conveying water from source to system being tested. 

e. Calculation of maximum allowable leakage for piping section(s) to be tested. 

4. Test report documentation. 





2.1 GENERAL 

A. Pipe shall conform to requirements of Palestinian Standards PS 49, except as modified herein. 

B. Pipe may be furnished from the manufacturer’s inventory providing manufacturer can supply 

necessary documentation to indicate pipe meets specified requirements. 

C. Gaskets and lubricant shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 

2.2 FABRICATION 

A. Concrete: 

1. Cement: Type I. 

2. Pozzolanic materials as a cement replacement will not be allowed. 

B. Reinforcement: 

1. Elliptical reinforcement as described in PS 49. 

2. Welds in Reinforcing Bars: Test in accordance with AWWA C300. 

C. Pipe Curing: Use any of the methods as described in AWWA C300 or PS 49 

D. Pipe Marking: 

1. Mark each pipe section in accordance with AWWA C300. 

2.3 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL 

A. Test concrete, mortar, steel, steel cylinders, rubber for gaskets, and welds in accordance with 

AWWA C300 and/or PS 49. 

B. Hydrostatic Testing of Completed Pipe and Joints: 


3.1 EXAMINATION 

1. Test all sections of pipe installed. 

2. Testing Procedure: In accordance with AWWA C302. 

A. Verify Conditions Prior to Installation. 

3.2 PREPARATION 

A. Verify pipe size, condition, and class prior to placement of pipe. 





A. Handle and install pipe sections in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and 

AWWA M9. 

B. Immediately notify Engineer if pipe is damaged during the installation process. 

C. If manufactured using elliptical or quadrant reinforcing, verify that proper axis of pipe is 

placed in vertical position. 

D. Check gasket placement using feeler gauge as approved by Engineer. 

E. Joint Grouting: Grout interior and exterior of joints in accordance with AWWA M9. 

F. Prevent construction debris from entering the existing sewer system by providing barriers and 

plugs as required during construction. 

3.4 CLEANING 

A. Thoroughly clean and remove all dirt and debris from the sewer system and dispose of offsite. 

Wash and flush pipes to a clean condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer prior to 

leakage testing. 

3.5 FIELD TESTING 

A. Pipeline Hydrostatic Test: 

1. General: 

a. Notify Engineer in writing 5 days in advance of testing. Perform testing in 

presence of Engineer 

b. Test newly installed pipelines. Using water as test medium, pipes shall 

successfully pass a leakage test prior to acceptance. 

c. Isolate new pipelines that are connected to existing pipelines. 

d. Conduct field hydrostatic test on buried piping after trench has been completely 

backfilled. Testing may, as approved by Engineer, be done prior to placement of 

asphaltic concrete or roadway structural section. 

e. Contractor may, if field conditions permit and as determined by Engineer, 

partially backfill trench and leave joints open for inspection and conduct an 

initial service leak test. Final field hydrostatic test shall not, however, be 

conducted until backfilling has been completed as specified above. 

f. Supply of temporary water shall be as stated in Section 01500, Construction 

Facilities and Temporary Controls. 

2. Preparation: 

a. Install temporary plugs and thrust blocking or other restraint as necessary to 

isolate the pipe sections to be tested and protect adjacent piping or equipment. 

b. Pipe may be tested at same time as manholes provided water can be maintained 

above top of pipes. 

c. Fill test section with water and allow to stand under low pressure prior to 

testing. 

3. Procedure: 

a. Maximum filling velocity shall not exceed 0.076 m/s, calculated based on the 

full area of pipe. 

b. Expel air from pipe system during filling. 




c. Test pressure shall be water at ground level or sufficiently above the top of the 

pipes to maintain a static pressure to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 

d. Maintain hydrostatic test continuously for 2 hours minimum, adding additional 

make-up water only as necessary to restore test level. 

e. Determine actual leakage by measuring quantity of water necessary to maintain 

specified test level for duration of test. 

f. If measured leakage exceeds allowable leakage or if leaks are visible, repair 

defective pipe section and repeat hydrostatic test. 

4. Allowable Leakage: Maximum allowable leakage for concrete pipe with steel cylinder 

shall not exceed 0.075 Litres/millimetre diameter/ 100 metres of pipe/hour. Allowable 

leakage for manhole can be added if tested coincidentally. 





SECTION 1 

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 

1-1 Scope of Work 

These specifications cover the following systems are intended to be used for the project in accordance 

with drawings, specifications and as directed and approved by the Engineer. 

- Electrical Power 

- Lighting 

- Telephone System 

- Stand by Generator 

- Earthing System 

The specification shall be read in association with all other parts of the tender documents. 

1-2 General Requirements 

The contractor shall supply all labor and material necessary and shall install, complete and ready for 

use, the above mentioned systems including the installation and wiring of miscellaneous equipment 

and devices, as indicated on the drawings and as herein specified. 

The contractor shall carry out the whole of the electrical work in a workmanlike and substantial manner 

and in strict conformance with the code listed in the following clauses, or approved equal. 

The contractor shall supply the employer with one set of specialist tools for maintenance as 

recommended by the manufacturers for all the major equipments. 

Prior to commencement of work, the contractor shall be solely and fully responsible for complete 

coordination with the local electrical authorities requirements. The contractor shall obtain all necessary 

approvals and shall coordinate and be responsible for all fees required to conduct the required 

authorities tests needed for supplying the project with the proper power and also the same for 

supplying the project with the permanent power. 

The contractor must submit along with his tender the CV’s of the electrical engineers, foreman, and 

electricians for the approval by the employer. 

1-3 Protection of Electrical Equipments 

Electrical equipment shall be protected against mechanical damage and from the weather especially 

from water dripping or splashing upon it at all times during shipment, storage, and installment. Any 

equipment or material damaged by mechanical means or water should be replaced at the expense of the 

contractor without extra charge. 

1-4 Codes and Standards 

The contractor shall carry out all electrical works in accordance with the latest specifications of BS or 

IEC and where not in contradiction with the local electrical authorities requirements, all equipments 

and materials supplied for this contract shall be manufactured in strict compliance with the latest 

relevant recommendations of the electrical local authorities, otherwise, they shall comply with the 

latest relevant BS, CIBSE, IEE, specifications. 

Arabtech Jardaneh/Palestine 144 Electrical Works



1-5 Electrical Services 

The electrical power system will operate on 220/380 volt, 3-phase, 4-wires, 50 HZ system, with 4% 

maximum allowable voltage drop from main power supply panel. 

The low current system shall operate on the voltage specified or as recommended by the manufacturer 

to the approval of the Engineer. 

1-6 Local Electrical Authorities and Infrastructure Network Requirements 

The contractor shall attend on and afford all facilities to the local electrical authorities and to 

infrastructure electrical network, and shall be responsible for preparing any shop drawings for the 

approval of the authorities. 

The contractor shall also be responsible for coordination with all existing infrastructure network 

drawings and construction. 

1-7 Shop Drawings, Samples, and Other Submittals 

The contractor shall submit shop drawings and samples for all the equipment or systems for the 

Engineers’ approval, no equipment or system shall be ordered or installed unless all such drawings and 

samples are reviewed and approved by the Engineer. 

The shop drawings shall reflect all necessary adjustments to the design to incorporate all requirements 

of all equipments. These shall be based upon the actual equipment to be installed, selected for use by 

the contractor according to manufacturers subsequently approved by the Engineer. The contractor shall 

make such adjustments to the design as are necessary to accommodate the technical and physical 

requirements of the selected equipment in the preparation of the shop drawings. 

The shop drawings shall be drawn to scale showing exact cable tray, conduit, and cable routing, 

junction box location, location in relevance to other equipment such as lighting fixtures or mechanical 

equipments, and exact heights for implementation, circuit wiring showing phase, neutral, earth, and off 

lines. 

The shop drawings shall be to a minimum scale 1:50 and complex area, such as plant rooms, services 

ducts, any areas considered by the engineer, scales of 1:20 and 1:10 shall be employed. 

Manufacturer’s drawings or catalogue sheet, giving full fitness and other pertinent facts shall be 

submitted to the engineer for approval before apparatus in question is ordered, built or installed for the 

following systems. 

- Panel boards, sub-distribution boards, main distribution boards; 

- Lighting fixture, lighting equipments, and lamps; 

- ATS for stand by generator and control panel. 

The approval of drawings will be general, but approval shall not be constructed as permitting any 

departure from the contract requirements, not relieving the contractor of the responsibility for any 

errors, including details, dimensions, materials, etc. 

1-8 As-Built Drawings 

The contractor shall submit the As-built drawings to the Engineer of every system after installation, 

contractor shall include all works, scale, format, and number of copies is to be to the approval of the 

Engineer. 




Within thirty days of the issue of the certificate of completion, the contractor shall provide 3 sets (1 

Original + 2 Copies) of fully detailed as-built record drawings of the whole contract works, together 

with full operating and maintenance instructions taking the form of a manual in which is described the 

layout and function of the systems, schedules of components comprising each and every item of 

equipment including manufacturer’s name, reference, serial number, and operating maintenance 

instruction based on the manufacturers standard instruction, to be checked and approved by the 

Engineer. 

Drawings shall (Shop dwg. or As-built dwg.) 

- Indicate size and position of all equipments, conduit, trunking, under floor 

ducting, cable trays, and cable together with inspection points and cable joints. 

- Indicate circuit reference for all equipment and each outlet shown. 

- Show the disposition and depth of all cables, whether buried direct in ground or 

through ducts or manholes. 

- Show the position and nature of all earth electrodes installed and range of 

connection copper tapes. 

1-9 Labeling 

The contractor shall provide all identification nameplates for all boards and panels, and shall provide a 

complete labeling system for all components of boards to the approval of the engineer. 

The contractor shall also provide labeling for cables, all power outlets, Low voltage points, and switch 

panels. 

1-10 Tests 

The contractor shall perform all required testing for the different components for the electrical works. 

All test fees if required, fuel, electric current, water, oil, or gas needed for the performance of such 

required test is the sole responsibility of the contractor and shall be deemed to be included in the cost 

of supplying and or commissioning of the equipments. No apparatus, equipment, plant, panels, or 

installation should be recognized as complete until all of specified inspection and all tests have been 

satisfactorily carried out and at the cost of contractor up to the date of the issue of the certificate of 

handing over the work. 

1-11 Warranty 

Unless otherwise noted, warrant the electrical work to be in strict accordance with contract documents 

and free from defects for a period mentioned in the general terms and conditions of the contract starting 

from the date of issue of a certificate of handing over the work. 





SECTION 2 

CONDUIT AND FITTINGS 

1-1 General 

Conduit and fittings shall be distinctively marked as manufactured for electrical purpose and shall be 

designed and constructed that they ensure reliable mechanical protection to the cables contained 

therein, and shall withstand the stresses likely occur during transport, storage and installation, they 

should be marked with the manufacturer name and Taken Stamp clearly. 

Conduit shall have a minimum 3/4” (outer diameter) size and shall be adequate for proper and easy 

wire pulls, and in no case shall the wires occupy across sectional area of more than 40% of the inner 

conduit cross section. 

1-2 Metallic-Conduit 

Conduits shall be constructed for solid mild steel, outside and inside galvanized. The galvanized coat 

of zinc shall be uniform thickness applied to outside and inside including the threads. Each conduit 

shall be straight, free from blisters and other defects, cut square and taper reamed. 

1-3 Flexible conduits: 

Flexible conduits shall be constructed by square locked galvanized steel with a pvc outer covering. 

1-4 Nonmetallic Conduit: 

Nonmetallic conduit shall be heavy gauge, pvc, having a maximum continuous service temperature of 

70 0 C or more. Conduit installed above false ceiling shall be of the fire resistant type. Each electrical 

or low voltage system shall run in a different color. 

1-5 Installation of Conduit 

Conduit embedded in ceiling slab, in walls and under floor shall be non-metallic type. 

Conduit exposed above false ceiling shall be fire resistant type. 

Conduit in boiler, pump, mechanical, main electrical rooms, and plant rooms shall be metallic type. 

Conduit connected to motors or equipments shall be galvanized flexible type. 

All conduit work and plastering shall be complete before wires are pulled. Conduit shall be plugged 

with cork and boxes covered appropriately to avoid filling with plaster. 

Conduit runs between outlets shall not contain more than three bends. The maximum run between two 

outlets shall not exceed 30 M for straight runs and 10 M for runs with one or more bends. Pull boxes 

shall be provided; location of pull boxes shall be accessible and approved by the Engineer. 

Raceways (cable trays) exposed above false ceilings shall be supported from the slab above the ceiling 

by standard factory spacer bar saddles and shall not be supported from false ceiling supports. 

Approved manufacturer of conduit Superior, MeteZerplas, or approved equal. 





SECTION 3 

WIRES AND CABLES 

1-1 General 

The contractor shall supply and install all wires and cables necessary for the complete electrical 

system, as indicated on the drawings, as required and as herein specified. 

Approved manufacturers: Superior, Cable Heifa, Cable Zion, or approved equal. 

1-2 Wires and Cables for Lighting and Power 

All wires for light and power system shall be not less than 2.5 mm 2 , single core, insulated with pvc 

compound of grade not less than 450/750 volts and shall comply with BS6234 / 1987. 

Armored cables shall be multi-core, pvc sheathed, galvanized steel wire of double tape armored and 

overall pvc extruded sheathed, of grade not less than 600/1000 volts, and shall comply with BS5467 / 

1989 and BS1442 / 1969, non armored cables of grade 600/1000 volts shall comply with BS6004 / 

1984. 

The core installation colors for single cable shall be red, yellow or blue for phase, black for neutral, 

green and yellow for earth, for multi core cables, the core installation colors shall be red, yellow, blue 

for phase, black for neutral, green and yellow for earth. All wiring shall be carried out using loop in 

system, with each phase wiring of the same color at both ends with proper identification of the circuit 

number. 

1-3 Installation of Wires and Cables 

Where more than one conductor is used per phase, neutral if any and ground wires shall be run in each 

conduit, conductor shall be continuous from outlet to outlet and no splices shall be made. 

The contractor shall not change any circuit number, especially from phase to a different phase. If such 

a change is necessary due to modification on site, the contractor shall bring this matter to the attention 

of the engineer for approval. 

Armored cables used in vertical shafts shall be the steel wire armored and not the tape type. No joints 

or splices shall be accepted on main feeders. 

1-4 Cable Glands 

Cable glands shall be provided at the termination of cables at the enclosure of a distribution boards or 

any other equipment, cable glands shall be indoor or outdoor type, ordinary or weather proof according 

to the location of the termination, and to the approval of the engineer. 

1-5 Cable Shoes 

Cable shoes shall be provided at cable ends. 

1-6 Directly Buried Cables 

All cables laid in the same trench shall be placed in the same horizontal plane leaving a space of at 

least 7.5 cm. 

Cable buried depth shall be at not less than 70 cm depth, cables shall be protected by 15 cm soft sand 

below and above, and 5 cm recast cover with a warning tape. 





SECTION 4 

WIRING DEVICES 

1-1 General 

Wiring devices shall be flush mounted type, unless otherwise noted and shall be installed at heights as 

shown on drawings, or as directed by the engineer, samples of devices and plates shall be submitted for 

choice and approval of the engineer. 

Location of wiring device shall be clearly marked on the shop drawings, shall conform to the furniture 

and equipment layouts, and shall be to the approval of the engineer. 

Approved manufacturer: GEWISS – ITALY or approved equal. 

1-2 Device plates 

Plates shall be rectangular in shape, and designed to match associated device, plates for flush mounted 

devices shall be constructed of molded material of approved color. Fixing screw shall be chromium 

polished screws heads shall be finished to suit the plates. 

1-3 Switches and Switches Assemblies 

Switches shall be quick-make, quick-break with silver alloy contacts, trunnions and spring assembly 

lubricated for the life of the switch neoprene bumpers. 

The general mounting height for all lighting switches shall be as specified on the drawings. 

Switches shall be fully rated for tungsten filament and fluorescent lamp loads, and up to 80% of rated 

capacity for motor loads, lighting switches shall be 10A rated. Double pole switches for water heaters 

shall be with silver contacts, on-off indicator; safety interlocked cover and shall be suitable for flush 

mounting. 

Waterproof switches shall conform to IP44 for wet areas, IP65 for outdoor installation and IP20 for 

indoor applications. 

1-4 Socket Outlets 

Socket outlets shall be of the standard 2 pole + earth, non-switched, single general service phase, 

molded plastic type. 

Socket outlet shall be rated 16A. Air handling units socket outlet shall be rated 32A at least. Hand 

drier socket outlet shall be rated 20A. 

The general mounting height of the socket outlets shall be as specified on the drawings. 

Waterproof socket shall be IP44 for wet areas, IP65 for outdoor installation and IP20 for indoor 

applications. 

1-5 Control Stations 

Control stations shall be spring type with silver plated contacts; plates shall be constructed from rigid 

plastics and shall have two push buttons (Start & Stop), when line voltage is 380V. And the control in 

line connected a warning notice shall be inscribed in the device in a clearly visible manner. 

1-6 Disconnecting Switches (Isolators) 

Switches shall be quick-make, quick-break type capable of making; carrying and interrupting specified 

current at its rated voltage. 




Switches rated 200A or less, when used with motor shall be motor circuit type of the horsepower rating 

equal to, or more than that of the associated motor and having interrupting capacity at least equal to the 

maximum operating overload current of the motor at rated voltage. Enclosure shall be waterproof, 

treated with rust inhibiting phosphate, and finish in gray baked enamel color. 

Approved manufacturers: Siemens-Germany, Merlin Gerin, Klockner Moeller or approved equal. 

1-7 Telephone System 

Telephone cabinets shall be a general-purpose type enclosure made of galvanized sheet steel 1.5mm 

thickness powder coated with enough space for terminals blocks for telephone system. 

Telephone outlet points shall be flush mounted and shall consist of terminals blocks fixed inside the 

outlet box and special telephone socket, with at least 2 pairs cable or more and to the approval of the 

engineer. 





SECTION 5 

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION BOARDS 

1-1 General 

The contractor shall supply and install the electrical distribution boards and the control boards as 

indicated in the drawings and the board schedules and as herein specified. Form of construction shall 

conform to BS5486. All main, sub-main distribution boards and motor control panels shall be free 

stand. 

1-2 Cabinets and Fronts 

Fronts shall include doors and have locks with catches and spring loaded door pulls; completely 

concealed steel hinges shall mount doors. Fronts shall be of code gauge, full-finished steel with rustinhibiting 

primer and baked enamel finish color shall be Beige. Protection degree shall be IP44. 

1-3 Board Bus Assembly 

The bus for connections to the branch circuit breaker shall be the “distribution phase” or “phase 

sequence” type. Three phase, four-wire bussing shall be such that any three adjacent single pole 

breakers are individually connected to each of the three different phases. All bus bars shall comply 

with BS159. 

Neutral bus bars shall be full size and shall incorporate one neutral terminal for each single pole and 

neutral way. 

Cabinet shall be provided with grounding terminals with a minimum number of cable terminations 

equal to the single pole number of way of the board. 

1-4 Molded case circuit breakers (MCCB) 

MCCB shall comply with BS EN60947-2 1992 and: 

- Shall be triple pole with each pole internally gauged and operated by one control toggle. 

- Shall have thermal and magnetic tripping adjustable mechanism. 

- Shall be electric type to trip units with interchangeable rating plugs for breakers with 

250 or 400 A. 

- Shall have solid-state trip unit complete with built in current transformer, solid-state trip 

unit for breakers of 600A and above. 

- Shall be operated by a toggle type handle, with quick-make, quick break over center 

switching mechanism that is mechanically trip free. 

- Shall provide complete circuit over current protection by having inverse time. 

- Shall have minimum RMS symmetrical interrupting not less than 25KA. 

- Disconnecting time shall not exceed 5 seconds. 

- MCCB’s interrupting capacities shall be the same as the panel. 

- Over capacity of MCCB shall not be less than 125% of the rated amp for 90 minutes. 

- Labeling shall be provided to MCCB. 

1-5 Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB) 

All shall be plug-in type, quick-make, toggle mechanism, and shall have minimum short circuit 

rupturing capacity of 10KA. 




1-6 Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB) 

ELCB shall be current operated type providing protection against overloads, short circuit, and low 

level earth faults of 30MA. 

It shall be plug-in type. ELCB shall have 3000A interrupting capacity and shall have minimum 

rupturing capacity of 10KA. 

1-7 Starters 

Starters shall have horsepower ratings at least equal to rating of motors they serve. 

Star-delta starters shall be provided for all motors having rating of 7.5KW or more, and less than 

7.5KW motors shall be equipped with D.O.L. starters. 

Soft starters with by bass contactor shall be provided for all motors having rating of 25KW or more. 

1-8 Control 

Control relays shall be heavy duty, industrial, or machine tool type with at least two normally closed 

and two normally opened auxiliary contracts. 

Control power transformer shall be provided as applicable to limit the control voltage to 220 volts. 

Automatic alternator shall normally select alternative motors automatically during normal operation. 

Push buttons shall be heavy duty, oil tight type with removable contact blocks; contact rating shall be 

10A Continuous current. 

Selector switches shall be heavy-duty oil tight type. 

Indication lights shall be equipped with reduced voltage transformers and 6-volt lamps. 

All main distribution boards shall be supplied with microprocessor based metering package installed in 

front of each panel with the provision of connection to a building management system. 

1-9 Installation of Boards 

The boards shall be aligned, leveled, and securely fastened to the building for free standing boards; it 

shall be installed directly above trenches to enable cables installation. 

All unused openings in the board’s cabinets shall be properly closed. 

Approved Manufacturer: (ABB, Siemens –Germany, WH, Klockner Moller, and Merlin Gerin) 





SECTION 6 

GROUNDING (EARTHING) SYSTEM 

1-1 General 

The earthing system shall be in full compliance with the requirements of the IEE wiring regulations 

16 th edition, local authorities particles and specifications. 

The contractor at no extra cost shall do any modification required by local authorities and codes of 

practice. 

All material used for main reinforcement steel underground earthing shall be galvanized steel strips 

size and thickness to be suitable to rated current supplied, and all materials used for grounding 

(electrodes) system shall be of copper. 

1-2 Grounding System 

1. Foundation earthing welding a galvanized strip as a ring around the building in accordance with 

drawings.= 

2. Copper bus bar in the electrical room inside main panels. 

3. Copper electrodes shall be dogged under ground and connected to main bus bar, complete with 

an inspection pit. The resistance of the electrode system shall not exceed 1 ohm. The system 

shall be tested through its various stages of construction to confirm these requirements. 

1-3 Grounding Pit 

The grounding electrode shall be made from copper clad steel. The inspection manhole shall be 

according to drawings and shall have an approved steel cover. 

1-4 Main Connections 

All metallic incoming services shall be bonded to the electrical earthing system at the location of their 

entry point, between joints; this shall include all services where metallic pipes, ducts, cable trays etc. 

are used in project. 

1-5 Transformer and Generator 

The start point of each transformer shall be connected to an adjacent bar using pvc insulated copper 

tape not less than 3x25mm 2 . The transformer tank and frame shall be separately bonded to the earth 

bus bar with a similar conductor. 

The start point of a generator shall be connected to an earth bus bar in the generator room through a 

neutral earth conductor 3x25 mm 2 pvc insulated copper tape. 





SECTION 7 

EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY 


1. The output rating of the generator shall be a minimum 450KVA with an 80% 

lagging power factor, 220/380V, 50MZ 

2. Direct Electric Generator. 

3. Fuel Storage Tank. 

4. Automatic Fuel Pump. 

5. Exhaust System. 

1-2 Tests and Acceptance Criteria 

1. Perform manufacturer’s standard load testing at factory. 

2. Perform site acceptance test to demonstrate that the generator set is in proper 

working order. 

3. Generator output voltage shall be 380 / 220 volts. 

1-3 Applicable codes and standards 

1. Materials and workmanship: all materials, equipment and parts comprising 

the units specified herein shall be new and unused, of current manufacture 

and of highest grade. 

2. The diesel generator sets shall be furnished complete with all necessary parts 

and equipment whether specifically called for herein or not, to provide for 

starting, operating and shutting down units. 

3. Manufacturer: the engine, generator and all major items of auxiliary 

equipment shall be by manufacturers currently engaged in the production of 

such equipment, the unit shall be factory assembled and tested by the entire 

manufacturer and shipped to the job site by his authorized dealer having a 

parts and service facility in the area. 

1-4 System of Operation 

Any electric failure lasting for 15 seconds or more in duration shall immediately signal 

the ATS, ATS shall simultaneously signal the automatic of the stand by generator, 

which shall run up to speed, synchronize and switch in to feed the emergency loads. 

Upon restoration of the main incoming supply, the ATS shall reverse to its normal 

closed position to carry the stand by generator to a cool down condition for at least 15 

minutes (adjustable) to automatically shut down. 

Under transient conditions, the governor shall have the capacity of restoring frequency 

within the limits as specified under the general technical requirements. 

1-5 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) 

ATS shall be on automatic mode with manual mode possibility. The ATS shall contain 

two No. 4-pole contactors manually and fully interlocked or two No.4-pole changes 

over switches for changing over from mains supply to emergency supply; both supply 

cables shall enter the cubicle via no-load isolators. The option of zero position shall be 

included in the change over switch. The change over switch shall include the control 

logic panel, which utilizes solid state sensing to initiate emergency modes. 

1-6 Acoustic Control 

Noise criteria shall not be more than 55db at 10 meters away from generator when the 

set is operated at full load. 




1-7 Diesel Fuel Oil System 

All engine-mounted equipment, filters, pumps, piping, valves control required for the 

automatic and proper functioning of the diesel engine shall be furnished as part of the 

engine. 

1-8 Engine Instruments Panel 

The following instrument shall be mounted in the instrument panel and shall be clearly 

labeled: 

1. Pressure gauge, fuel oil. 

2. Pressure gauge, lubricating oil. 

3. Temperature indicator, cooling water in. 

4. Temperature indicator, cooling water out. 

5. Temperature indicator, lubricating oil in. 

6. Temperature indicator, lubricating oil out. 

7. Thermometer exhausts gas temperature. 

1-9 Exhaust System 

All pipe work associated with the exhaust system shall be mild steel with a thickness not 

less than 5.4mm, rust proofed internally and externally. Joints between pipe works and 

the silencer and the flexible coupling shall be flanged. 

1-10 Engine Alarm System 

The engine and engine instrument panel shall be furnished completely and wired with 

all alarm and safety circuits for the operation of the unit and the control panel shall 

include a fire alarm indication. 

1-11 Tests 

1. Factory Tests 

The set shall be tested at the factory for acceptance prior to delivery at no additional 

cost to the employer. Tests shall be performed in accordance with applicable DIN, 

VDI, VDE, Transient Voltage, frequencies, and temperature to be recorded during 

all tests. 

2. Field Test 

Following the complete installation of unit, field and operational tests shall be 

conducted under the supervision of the manufacturer’s technical representative. The 

contractor shall provide and supply all instruments, labor, test loads required for the 

test including fuel and lubricating oils. 





SECTION 8 

LOW VOLTAGE AC INDUCTION MOTORS 

PART 1 GENERAL 

1-1 RELATED SECTIONS 

A. This section applies only when referenced by a motor-driven equipment 

specification. Application, horsepower, enclosure type, mounting, shaft type, 

synchronous speed, and any deviations from this section will be listed in the 

equipment specification. Where such deviations occur, they shall take 

precedence over this section. 

1-2 REFERENCES 


1. American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA): 

a. 9, Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Ball Bearings. 

b. 11, Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Roller Bearings. 

2. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE): 

a. 85, Test Procedure for Airborne Sound Measurements on Rotating 

Electric Machinery. 

b. 112, Standard Test Procedures for Polyphase Induction Motors and 

Generators. 

c. 114, Standard Test Procedures for Single-Phase Induction Motors. 

d. 620, Guide for the Presentation of Thermal Limit Curves for Squirrel 

Cage Induction Motors. 

e. 841, Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry – Severe Duty 

Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel Cage Induction 

Motors – up to and Including 500 hp. 


a. 250, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1,000 Volts Maximum). 

b. C50.41, Polyphase Induction Motors for Power Generating Stations. 

c. MG 1, Motors and Generators. 

d. MG 13, Frame Assignments for Alternating Current Integral 

Horsepower Induction Motors. 

4. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): 70, National 

Electrical Code. (NEC) 

5. Underwriters Laboratories (UL): 

a. 1, Flexible Metal Conduit. 

b. 674, Standard for Safety Electric Motors and Generators for use in 

Division 1 Hazardous (Classified) 




1-3 SUBMITTALS 


1. Descriptive information. 

2. Nameplate data in accordance with NEMA MG 1. 

3. Additional Rating Information: 

a. Service factor. 

b. Locked rotor current. 

c. No load current. 

d. Guaranteed minimum full load efficiency and power factor. 

4. Enclosure type and mounting (e.g. horizontal, vertical). 

5. Dimensions and total weight. 

6. Conduit box dimensions and usable volume as defined in NEMA MG 1 and 

NFPA 70. 

7. Bearing type. 

8. Bearing lubrication. 

9. Bearing life. 

10. Description, ratings, and wiring diagram of motor thermal protection. 

11. Motor sound power level in accordance with NEMA MG 1. 

12. Maximum brake horsepower required by the equipment driven by the motor. 


1. Factory test reports. 


3. Operation and Maintenance Data: As specified in Section 01430, Operation and 

Maintenance 




PART 2 PRODUCTS 

2-1 MANUFACTURERS 

A. General Electric. 

B. Reliance Electric. 

C. MagneTek. 

D. Siemens Energy and Automation, Inc., Motors and Drives Division. 

E. Baldor. 

F. U.S. Electrical Motors. 

G. TECO-Westinghouse Motor Co. 

H. Toshiba International Corp., Industrial Division. 

I. WEG Electric Motors Corp. 

2-2 GENERAL 

A. For multiple units of the same type of equipment, furnish identical motors and 

accessories of a single manufacturer. 

B. In order to obtain single source responsibility, utilize a single supplier to provide a 

drive motor, its driven equipment, and specified motor accessories. 

C. Meet requirements of NEMA MG 1. 

D. Frame assignments in accordance with NEMA MG 13. 

E. Provide motors for hazardous (classified) locations that conform to UL 674 and 

have an applied UL listing mark. 

F. Motors shall be specifically designed for the use and conditions intended, with a 

NEMA design letter classification to fit the application. 

G. Lifting lugs on all motors weighing 100 pounds or more. 

H. Operating Conditions: 

1. Maximum ambient temperature not greater than 40 degrees C. 

2. Motors shall be suitable for operating conditions without any reduction being 

required in the nameplate rated horsepower or exceeding the rated temperature 

rise. 

3. Overspeed in either direction in accordance with NEMA MG 1. 

2-3 HORSEPOWER RATING 

A. As designated in motor-driven equipment specifications. 

B. Constant Speed Applications: Brake horsepower of the driven equipment at any 

operating condition not to exceed motor nameplate horsepower rating, excluding 

any service factor. 

2-4 SERVICE FACTOR 

1.15 minimum at rated ambient temperature, unless otherwise indicated. 

2-5 VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY RATING 

A. System Frequency: 60-Hz. 

B. Voltage Rating: Unless otherwise indicated in motor-driven equipment 

specifications: 

Size Voltage Phases 

1/2 hp and smaller 230 1 

3/4 hp through 400 hp 400 3 

C. Suitable for full voltage starting. 

D. Suitable for accelerating the connected load with supply voltage at motor starter supply 

terminals dipping to 90 percent of motor rated voltage. 




2-6 EFFICIENCY AND POWER FACTOR 

For all motors except single-phase, under 1 horsepower, multispeed, short-time rated 

and submersible motors, or motors driving gates, valves, elevators, cranes, trolleys, 

and hoists: 

1. Efficiency: 

a. Tested in accordance with NEMA MG ,. 

b. Guaranteed minimum at full load in accordance with as indicated in motordriven 

equipment specifications. 

2. Power Factor: Guaranteed minimum at full load in accordance with Table 1 or as 

indicated in motor-driven equipment specifications 




2-7 LOCKED ROTOR RATINGS 

A. Locked rotor kVA Code F or lower, if motor horsepower not covered by 

NEMA MG 1 tables. 

B. Safe stall time 12 seconds or greater. 

2-8 INSULATION SYSTEMS 

A. Single-Phase, Fractional Horsepower Motors: Manufacturer’s standard winding 

insulation system. 

B. Motors Rated Over 600 Volts: Sealed windings in accordance with 

NEMA MG 1. 

C. Three-Phase and Integral Horsepower Motors: Unless otherwise indicated in 

motor-driven equipment specifications, Class B or Class F at nameplate 

horsepower and designated operating conditions, except EXP and DIP motors 

which must be Class B with Class B rise. 

2-9 ENCLOSURES 

A. Enclosures to conform to NEMA MG 1. 

B. 400 V, 3 pH motors to be of cast iron construction. 

C. TEFC and TENV: Furnish with a drain hole with porous drain/weather plug. 

D. Explosion-Proof (EXP): 

1. TEFC listed to meet UL 674 and NFPA 70 requirements for Class I, 

Division 1, Group C and D hazardous locations. 

2. Drain holes with drain and breather fittings. 

3. Integral thermostat opening on excessive motor temperature in accordance 

with UL 2111 and NFPA 70. 

4. Terminate thermostat leads in terminal box separate from main terminal box. 

E. Dust-Ignition-Proof (DIP): 

1. TEFC listed to met UL 674 and NFPA 70 requirements for Class II, 

Division 1, Group E. 

2. Integral thermostat opening on excessive motor temperature in accordance 

with UL 2111 and NFPA 70. 

3. Thermostat leads to terminate in a terminal box separate from main terminal 

box. 

F. Submersible: In accordance with Article Special Motors. 

G. Chemical Industry, Severe-Duty (CISD-TEFC): In accordance with Article 

Special Motors. 

2-10 TERMINAL (CONDUIT) BOXES 

A. Oversize main terminal boxes for all motors. 

B. Diagonally split, rotatable to each of four 90-degree positions. Threaded hubs for 

conduit attachment. 

C. Except ODP, furnish gaskets between box halves and between box and motor 

frame. 

D. Minimum usable volume in percentage of that specified in NEMA MG 1, 

Section 1, Paragraph 4.19 and NFPA 70, Article 430: 

E. Terminal for connection of equipment grounding wire in each terminal box. 

2-11 BEARINGS AND LUBRICATION 

A. Horizontal Motors: 

1. 3/4 Horsepower and Smaller: Permanently lubricated and sealed ball 

bearings, or regreasable ball bearings in labyrinth sealed end bells with 

removable grease relief plugs. 

2. 1 Through 400 Horsepower: Regreasable ball bearings in labyrinth sealed end 

bells with removable grease relief plugs. 

B. Vertical Motors: 

a. Thrust Bearings: 




1. Antifriction bearing. 

2. Manufacturer’s standard lubrication 100 horsepower and smaller. 

3. Oil lubricated 125 horsepower and smaller. 

4. Minimum 50,000 hours L-10 bearing life. 

b. Guide Bearings: 

1. Manufacturer’s standard bearing type. 

2. Manufacturer’s standard lubrication 200 horsepower and smaller. 

c. Regreasable Antifriction Bearings: 

1. Readily accessible, grease injection fittings. 

2. Readily accessible, removable grease relief plu 




2-12 NOISE 

A. Measured in accordance with IEEE 85 and NEMA MG 1. 

B. Motors controlled by adjustable frequency drive systems shall not exceed sound 

levels of 3 dBA higher than NEMA MG 1. 

2-13 BALANCE AND VIBRATION CONTROL 

In accordance with NEMA MG 1, Part 7. 

2-14 EQUIPMENT FINISH 

A. Protect Motor for Service Conditions: 

Outdoor industrial atmospheres, including moisture and direct sunlight exposure. 

B. External Finish: Prime and finish coat manufacturer’s standard. 

C. Internal Finish: Bore and end turns coated with clear polyester or epoxy varnish. 

2-15 SPECIAL FEATURES AND ACCESSORIES 

A. Screen Over Air Openings: Corrosion-resistant on motors with ODP, WPI, 

and WPII enclosures meeting requirements for Guarded Machine in NEMA MG 1, 

and attached with stainless steel screws. 

B. Nameplates: 

1. Raised or stamped letters on stainless steel or aluminum. 

2. Display motor data required by NEMA MG 1, Paragraph 10.39 and 

Paragraph 10.40 in addition to bearing numbers for both bearings. 

3. Premium efficiency motor nameplates to also display NEMA nominal 

efficiency, guaranteed minimum efficiency, full load power factor, and 

maximum allowable kVAR for power factor correction capacitors. 

C. Anchor Bolts: Provide anchor bolts meeting manufacturer’s recommendations and 

of sufficient size and number for the specified seismic conditions. 

2-16 SPECIAL MOTORS 

A. Requirements in this article take precedence over conflicting features specified 

elsewhere in this section. 

B. Chemical Industry, Severe-Duty (CISD-TEFC): 

1. In accordance with IEEE 841. 

2. TEFC in accordance with NEMA MG 1. 

3. Suitable for indoor or outdoor installation in severe-duty applications 

including high humidity, chemical (corrosive), dirty, or salty atmospheres. 

4. Motor Frame, End Shields, Terminal Box, and Fan Cover: Cast iron. 

5. Ventilating Fan: Corrosion-resistant, nonsparking, external. 

6. Drain and Breather Fittings: Stainless steel. 

7. Nameplate: Stainless steel. 

8. Gaskets between terminal box halves and terminal box and motor frame. 

9. Extra slinger on rotor shaft to prevent moisture seepage along shaft into motor. 

10. Double shielded bearings. 

11. 125,000 hours minimum L-10 bearing life for direct-connected loads. 

12. External Finish: Double-coated epoxy enamel. 

13. Coated rotor and stator air gap surfaces. 

14. Insulation System, Windings, and Connections: 

a. Class F insulation, Class B rise or better at 1.0 service factor. 

b. Multiple dips and bakes of nonhygroscopic polyester varnish. 

15. Service Factor: 

a. At 40 Degrees C Ambient: 1.15. 

b. At 65 Degrees C Ambient: 1.00. 

16. Safe Stall Time Without Injurious Heating: 20 seconds minimum. 

C. Severe-Duty Explosion-Proof: Meet requirements for EXP enclosures and CISD- 

TEFC motors. 

D. Severe-Duty, Dust-Ignition-Proof: Meet requirements for DIP enclosures and 

CISD-TEFC motors. 




E. Submersible Pump Motor: 

1. Manufacturers: 

a. Reliance Electric. 

b. ITT Flygt Corp. 

2. At 100 Percent Load: 

Horsepower 

Submersible Pump Motors 

Guaranteed 

Minimum 

Efficiency 

Guaranteed 

Minimum 

Power Factor 

5 through 10 80 82 

10.1 through 50 85 82 

3. Insulation System: Manufacturer’s standard Class B or Class F. 

4. Motor capable of running dry continuously. 

5. Enclosure: 

a. Hermetically sealed, watertight, for continuous submergence up to 

65-foot depth. 

b. Listed to meet UL 674 and NFPA 70 requirements for Class I, 

Division 1, Group D hazardous atmosphere. 

c. Seals: Tandem mechanical. 

6. Bearing and Lubrication: 

a. Permanently sealed and lubricated, replaceable antifriction guide and 

thrust bearings. 

b. Minimum 15,000 hours L-10 bearing life. 

7. Inrush kVA/horsepower no greater than NEMA MG 1 and NFPA 70, Code F. 

8. Winding thermal protection, moisture detection, and bearing overtemperature 

specified above may be monitored by a single device providing two 

independent 120V ac contacts, one closing and one opening on malfunction. 

9. Connecting Cables: 

a. One cable containing power, control, and grounding conductors. 

b. Each cable suitable for hard service, submersible duty with watertight 

seal where cable enters motor. 

c. Length: 9.2 m (30 feet) minimum. 

d. UL 1 listed and sized in accordance with NFPA 70. 

F. Inclined Motors: 

1. Motors suitable for operation only in horizontal position not acceptable. 

2. Bearings designed for thrust imposed by driven equipment and by motor rotor 

when motor is in inclined position. 

3. Lubrication system designed to provide adequate bearing lubrication when 

motor is in inclined position. 

2-17 FACTORY TESTING 

A. Tests: 

1. In accordance with IEEE 112 for polyphase motors and IEEE 114 for singlephase 

motors. 

2. Routine (production) tests on all motors in accordance with NEMA MG 1. 

Test multispeed motors at all speeds. 

3. For energy efficient motors, test efficiency and power factor at 50, 75, and 

100 percent of rated horsepower: 

a. In accordance with IEEE 112, Test Method B, and NEMA MG 1, 

paragraph 12.59. and paragraph 12.60. 

b. On motors of 100 horsepower and smaller, furnish a certified copy of a 




motor efficiency test report on an identical motor. 

B. Test Report Forms: 

1. Routine Tests: IEEE 112, Form A-1. 

2. Efficiency and power factor by Test Method B, IEEE 112, Form A-2, and 

NEMA MG 1,Table 12-9 Table 12-11.] 

3. Temperature Test: IEEE 112, Form A-2. 

PART 3 EXECUTION 

3-1 INSTALLATION 

A. In accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations. 

B. Align motor carefully and properly with driven equipment. 

C. Secure equipment to mounting surface with anchor bolts. 

3-2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL 

Refer to Section 16080, Electrical Testing. 

3-3 MANUFACTURER’S SERVICES 

A. Furnish manufacturer’s representative at Site in accordance with Section 01640, 

Manufacturers’ Services, for installation assistance, inspection, equipment 

testing, and startup assistance for motors larger than horsepower. 

B. Manufacturer’s Certificate of Proper Installation.

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